PTEROCARYA CAUCASICA AT CLAREMONT, ESHER. (Largest specimen in England. Height 45 ft., girth of stem 3 ft., from the ground 17 ft., spread of branches 110 yards).

THE CORK OAK (Quercus Suber) AT SWALLOWFIELD PARK.

Latin Name. Character and Height. Remarks. Native Country.
Quercus acuta (Syn. Q. Buergerii) Evergreen tree 10 ft. Ordinary soil and position Japan
      ,,        ,,    alba (White Oak) Tree 60 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, North America
      ,,      bicolor ,, Fairly moist soil ,,
      ,,      *castaneæfolia (Chestnut-leaved Oak) ,, Ordinary soil and position Caucasus and Asia Minor
      ,,      Cerris (Turkey Oak) Tree 50 to 60 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, South and East Europe
      ,,        ,,      fulhamensis (Fulham Oak) Sub-evergreen tree 50 to 60 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, Garden form
      ,,        ,,      *laciniata (Syn. asplenifolia) Tree 50 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, ,,
      ,,        ,,      lucombeana (Lucombe Oak) Sub-evergreen 50 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, ,,
      ,,      cinerea Tree 30 ft. Needs fairly moist loamy soil Southern United States
      ,,      coccifera (Syn. Q. kermesina) Evergreen tree 15 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, Mediterranean region
      ,,      *coccinea (Scarlet Oak) Tree 50 ft. Very handsome, leaves in autumn brilliant scarlet North America
      ,,      *conferta (Q. pannonica), (Hungarian Oak) Tree 30 ft. Handsome; very quick in growth; leaves deeply lobed Italy and Austria
      ,,      cuneata (Syns. Q. triloba, Q. falcata) Tree 80 ft. Needs fairly moist loamy soil North America
      ,,      *cuspidata Evergreen tree 30 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, Japan
      ,,      *dentata (Syn. Q. Daimyo) Tree 30 ft. Needs good loamy soil, fairly moist ,,
      ,,      garryana Tree 50 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, North-West America
      ,,      *glabra (Japanese Oak) Evergreen shrub 10 ft. Handsome, large leaves, a good evergreen oak Japan
      ,,      glauca Evergreen tree 30 ft. Needs good loamy soil, fairly moist ,,
      ,,      heterophylla Tree 40 ft. Ordinary soil and position United States
      ,,      *Ilex (Evergreen or Holm Oak) Evergreen 20 to 40 ft. Good deep sandy loam; very handsome Mediterranean region
      ,,          ,,  and varieties Evergreen, various heights         ,,        ,,        ,, Garden forms
      ,,      imbricaria Tree 40 to 50 ft. Ordinary soil and position United States
      ,,      Kelloggii Tree 70 ft. Fairly moist soil, sheltered position Oregon and California
      ,,      lanuginosa Tree 50 ft. Ordinary soil and position Europe and West. Asia
      ,,      laurifolia (Syn. Q. obtusa) Tree 80 ft. Needs moist soil. Very handsome United States
      ,,      Libani Tree 30 ft. Ordinary soil and position Asia Minor
      ,,      lobata Tree 80 ft. Fairly moist soil, sheltered position California
      ,,      lusitanica Tree 40 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, South Europe and Asia Minor
      ,,      *macrocarpa (Burr Oak) Tree 30 ft. Ordinary soil and position North America
      ,,      marilandica Tree 30 to 50 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, United States
      ,,      Michauxii Tree 80 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, Southern United States
      ,,      Mirbeckii Tree 30 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, Spain, Portugal, and North Africa
      ,,      nigra Tree 25 ft. Fairly moist soil Southern United States
      ,,      *palustris (Pin Oak) Tree 60 ft. Leaves charming in Spring and Autumn United States
      ,,      pedunculata (Syn. Q. Robur pedunculata), (British Oak) Tree 50 to 100 ft. Ordinary soil and position Europe and Asia
      ,,      *pedunculata Concordia (Golden-leaved British Oak) Tree 20 ft. Ordinary soil and position; very handsome golden-leaved tree Garden form
      ,,      pedunculata fastigiata Tree 50 ft. Ordinary soil and position Garden form
      ,,              ,,        heterophylla Tree 40 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, ,,
      ,,              ,,        pendula (Weeping Oak) Tree         ,,        ,,        ,, ,,
      ,,              ,,        purpurascens Tree 50 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, ,,
      ,,      *Phellos (Willow Oak) ,,         ,,        ,,        ,, United States
      ,,      phillyræoides Evergreen tree 15 ft. Fairly moist soil, sheltered spot Japan
      ,,      pontica Tree or shrub 15 ft. Ordinary soil and position Asia Minor
      ,,      prinoides Tree 20 to 30 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, United States
      ,,      Prinos Tree 70 to 80 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, Eastern North America
      ,,      Pseudo-suber Sub-evergreen tree 50 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,,        sheltered spot South Europe
      ,,      pumila Spreading shrub 10 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, Eastern United States
      ,,      reticulata Evergreen shrub 10 ft. Hardy only in South and West of England New Mexico and Arizona
      ,,      *rubra (Champion Oak) Tree 60 to 80 ft. Ordinary soil and position; brilliant Autumn colour; very handsome North America
      ,,      serrata Tree 20 to 30 ft. Ordinary soil and position China and Japan
      ,,      sessiliflora Tree 60 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, Europe, West Asia
      ,,            ,,        and varieties Trees various         ,,        ,,        ,, Garden forms
      ,,            ,,        stellata Tree 50 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, United States
      ,,      Suber (Cork Oak) Evergreen tree 25 ft. Rather more tender than the Holm Oak (gives the cork of commerce) South Europe, North Africa
      ,,      Toza (Syn. Q. Tauzin) Tree 30 ft. Ordinary soil and position South-west Europe
      ,,      Turneri (Syn. Q. austriaca sempervirens, Q. glandulifera) Sub-evergreen tree 40 to 50 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, Garden origin
      ,,      undulata Tree 20 ft. Ordinary soil and sheltered spot Western North America
      ,,      velutina Tree 70 to 80 ft.         ,,          and position North America

EVERGREEN OAKS. (Frogmore.)

Latin Name. Character and Height. Remarks. Native Country.
*Rhamnus Alaternus Evergreen shrub or tree 20 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, South-west Europe
      ,,      alnifolius (Alder-leaved Buckthorn) Shrub 2 to 4 ft. Moist peaty soil United States
      ,,      alpinus (Alpine Buckthorn) Shrub 4 ft. Ordinary soil and position Alpine regions
      ,,      californicus (Californian Buckthorn) Evergreen shrub 10 ft.         ,,          and sheltered position California
      ,,      carolinianus Shrub 6 to 8 ft. Ordinary soil and position Southern United States
      ,,      catharticus Shrub 5 to 10 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, Europe and Asia
      ,,      davuricus Shrub 12 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, Siberia
      ,,      Frangula Shrub 5 to 10 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, Europe
      ,,      infectorius Shrub 2 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, South Europe
      ,,      libanoticus Shrub 6 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, Asia Minor and Syria
      ,,      *purshianus (Syn. R. rubra) Shrub 10 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, California
      ,,      saxatilis Shrub 2 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, Europe
      ,,      tinctorius Shrub 8 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, Europe and Asia
Rhus aromatica ,,         ,,        ,,        ,, Southern United States
  ,,    copallina Shrub 6 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, Eastern United States
  ,,    Cotinus (Venetian, Sumach, Wig Tree, Smoke Bush) Shrub 6 to 8 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, Europe
  ,,    *cotinoides Shrub 15 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, North America
  ,,    *glabra (Syn. R. coccinea) Tree 15 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, United States
  ,,        ,,    *laciniata Shrub 6 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, Garden form
  ,,    Osbeckei Tree 20 ft.         ,,        and sheltered position China and Japan
  ,,    succedanea Shrub 10 ft. Hardy only in South and West of England ,,
  ,,    Toxicodendron (Syn. Ampelopsis japonica), (Poison Oak, Poison Ivy), (Syn. Ampelopsis Hoggii) Twining shrub 20 ft. Ordinary soil and position. Very poisonous North America and Japan
  ,,    *typhina (Stag's-horn Sumach) Tree 25 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, Eastern United States
  ,,    venenata (Syn. R. vernix), (Poison Sumach) Shrub 12 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,,        Very poisonous ,,
  ,,    vernicifera Tree 25 ft.         ,,        sheltered position China and Japan
*Ruscus aculeatus (Butcher's Broom) Evergreen shrub 2 ft. Will grow well under the shade of trees Europe
      ,,    *Hypoglossum Evergreen shrub 2 to 3 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, South Europe and North Africa
      ,,    Hypophyllum ,,         ,,        ,,        ,, South-west Europe
Ruta graveolens Shrub 3 ft. Sandy loam, sunny spot South Europe
Salix alba (White Willow) Tree 60 ft. Needs moist soil, indeed will grow in boggy places Europe and Asia
    ,,    ,,  *britzensis (Cardinal Willow) Tree 25 ft. Brilliant bark, colour very effective Garden form
    ,,    ,,  *vitellina (Golden-barked Willow) ,, Needs moist soil, indeed will grow in boggy places ,,
    ,,  ambigua Shrub 2 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, Europe
    ,,  aurita Tree 15 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, Eastern North America
    ,,  babylonica (Babylonian Weeping Willow) Tree 30 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, Japan
    ,,        ,,        annularis ,,         ,,        ,,        ,, Garden form
    ,,  cæsia (Syn. S. prostrata), (Grey-leaved Willow) Shrub 3 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, Switzerland
    ,,  Caprea (Goat Willow) Tree 25 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, Europe and North Asia
    ,,      ,,    *pendula (Kilmarnock Willow) Weeping         ,,        ,,        ,, Garden form
    ,,  cinerea Tree 20 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, Europe and North Asia
    ,,  cordata Tree 15 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, North America
    ,,  cuspidata Tree 25 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, Europe
    ,,  daphnoides (Violet Willow) Tree 10 to 20 ft. Very beautiful yellow catkins, robust ,,
    ,,  decipiens Tree 30 ft. Needs moist soil, indeed will grow in boggy places ,,
    ,,  doniana Shrub 5 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, ,,
    ,,  fragilis (Syn. S. russelliana), (Crack Willow) Tree 60 to 70 ft. Very beautiful willow Europe and North Asia
    ,,      ,,    basfordiana Tree 25 ft. Needs moist soil, indeed will grow in boggy places Garden form
    ,,  hastata Shrub 6 to 8 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, Europe and North Asia
    ,,  herbacea Shrub 2 to 3 in. A good rockwork plant ,,
    ,,  hexandra Tree 20 ft. Needs moist soil, indeed will grow in boggy places Europe
    ,,  humilis Shrub 2 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, North America
    ,,  lanata Shrub 4 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, Arctic Europe
    ,,  Lapponum (Lapland Willow) Shrub 1 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, Europe and North Asia
    ,,  lasiandra Shrub 12 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, Western United States
    ,,  *laurina (Syn. S. bicolor) Shrub 10 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, Europe
    ,,  lucida Shrub 10 to 12 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, North America
    ,,  Myrsinites Shrub 6 in. to 1 ft. A good rockwork plant North Hemisphere
    ,,  myrtilloides (Syn. S. elegans) Shrub 2 to 4 ft. Needs moist soil, indeed will grow in boggy places ,,
    ,,  nigra (Black Willow) Tree 25 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, North America
    ,,  nigricans Tree 10 to 12 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, Tyrol
    ,,  *pentandra Shrub 8 to 9 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, Europe and North Asia
    ,,  petiolaris (Syn. S. fuscata) Shrub 8 to 10 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, North America
    ,,  phylicifolia Shrub 6 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, Tyrol
    ,,  purpurea (Syn. S. fissa), (Purple Willow) Shrub 8 to 10 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, Europe and North Asia
    ,,        ,,    *pendula (Syn. S. americana pendula), (American Weeping Willow) Shrub Weeping         ,,        ,,        ,, Garden form
    ,,  repens Shrub 1 ft. Will grow in dry sandy soils Europe and North Asia
    ,,      ,,    *argentea (Syn. S. sericea pendula) Shrub Weeping Needs moist soil, indeed will grow in boggy places Garden form
    ,,  reticulata Shrub 6 in. A good rockwork plant Arctic regions
    ,,  retusa Shrub 6 in. to 1 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, Europe and North Asia
    ,,  *rosmarinifolia (Rosemary-leaved Willow) Shrub 2 to 4 ft. Needs moist soil, indeed will grow in boggy places. Very charming Europe
    ,,  rubra Tree 10 to 30 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, Europe
    ,,  sieboldiana Tree 15 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, Japan
    ,,  smithiana (Syn. S. pannosa) Shrub 5 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, Europe
    ,,  stipularis Tree 15 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, Europe
    ,,  triandra Tree 20 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, Europe and North Asia
    ,,  undulata (Syn. S. lanceolata) Shrub 12 to 15 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, Europe
    ,,  viminalis (Syn. S. longifolia), (Twiggy Willow) Tree 25 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, North Europe and Asia
    ,,  viridis ,,         ,,        ,,        ,, Europe
*Sambucus nigra aurea (Golden-leaved Elder) Tree 25 ft. Ordinary soil and position, full sun Garden form
        ,,          ,,    laciniata (Cut-leaved Elder) ,,         ,,        ,,        ,, ,,
        ,,      racemosa (Scarlet-berried Elder) Tree 10 to 15 ft. Needs a fairly cool moist soil North Hemisphere
        ,,            ,,      *plumosa Tree 12 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, Garden form
        ,,            ,,            ,,      *aurea Tree 8 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, ,,
        ,,            ,,      serratifolia Tree 10 to 15 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, ,,
        ,,            ,,      *tenuifolia Shrub 6 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, ,,
Latin Name. Character and Height. Remarks. Native Country.
Santolina Chamæcyparissus (Lavender Cotton) Evergreen shrub 2 to 3 ft. Grows well in dry sandy soils South Europe
      ,,      rosmarinifolia Evergreen shrub 2 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, Spain and Portugal
      ,,      viridis Evergreen shrub 3 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, South Europe
Sarcococca Hookeriana Evergreen shrub 4 ft. Hardy only in the South and West of England Himalaya
Sassafras officinale (Syn. Laurus Sassafras) (The Sassafras tree) Tree 15 to 25 ft. Needs fairly moist soil, sheltered position United States
Schizandra chinensis Twining shrub 20 ft. Succeeds best as a wall plant China and Japan
Smilax aspera Twining evergreen shrub 10 ft. Should be trained to a wall or trellis. Needs shelter Mediterranean region
    ,,        ,,      maculata Twining evergreen shrub 10 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, ,,
    ,,      Bona-nox (Syn. S. hastata) Twining evergreen shrub 5 to 10 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, Southern United States
    ,,      China Twining evergreen shrub 20 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, China
    ,,      excelsa Twining evergreen shrub 10 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, Syria
    ,,      glauca (Syn. S. Sarsaparilla) Twining evergreen shrub 3 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, North America
    ,,      rotundifolia (Syn. S. caduca) Twining deciduous shrub 8 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, ,,
    ,,      tamnoides Twining evergreen shrub 10 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, ,,
Stachyurus præcox Small tree 10 to 12 ft. Moist soil and sheltered spot. Early flowering China and Japan
Stauntonia hexaphylla Evergreen twiner 20 ft. Needs the protection of a wall in the London district ,,
Stephanandra flexuosa (Syn. S. incisa) Shrub 5 ft. Ordinary soil and position ,,
          ,,          Tanakæ Shrub 3 ft. Reddish-brown stems in winter Japan
Stranvæsia glaucescens Evergreen tree 20 ft. Hardy only in South and West of England Himalaya
Symplocos cratægoides Small tree 15 ft. Needs sheltered spot Himalaya to Japan
        ,,        japonica (Syn. S. lucida) Shrub 10 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, China and Japan
        ,,        tinctoria Shrub 3 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, Southern United States
Taxus (Yew). See pp. 92, 123, 326      
Teucrium fruticans (Free Germander) Evergreen shrub 2 to 3 ft. Needs sheltered spot and light soil South Europe
Tilia americana (Syn. T. glabra), (American Lime) Tree 60 to 70 ft. Ordinary soil and position North America
  ,,    *argentea (Syn. T. americana pubescens), (Silver Lime) Tree 30 to 50 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, Eastern Europe
  ,,    cordata (Syn. T. microphylla) ,,         ,,        ,,        ,, Eastern North America
  ,,    *dasystyla (Syn. T. euchlora) ,, Distinct upright growth; leaves curled somewhat. Very valuable South-Eastern United States
  ,,    heterophylla (Syn. T. macrophylla) ,, Ordinary soil and position North America
  ,,    mandshurica Tree 40 to 50 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, Manchuria
  ,,    miqueliana (Japanese Lime) Tree 60 to 80 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, Japan
  ,,    *petiolaris (Syn. T. alba pendula), (White Weeping Lime) Tree 50 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, Eastern Europe
  ,,    *platyphyllos (Syn. T. europæa) Tree 60 to 80 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, Europe
  ,,            ,,        and varieties Various heights         ,,        ,,        ,, Garden forms
  ,,    pubescens (Syn. T. leptophylla) Tree 50 to 70 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, Eastern United States
  ,,    vulgaris (Syn. T. hybrida), (Common Lime) Tree 60 to 80 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, Europe
*Trachycarpus excelsus (Syn. Chamærops excelsa) Evergreen palm 20 ft. Good deep loam, shelter from rough winds Japan
Ulmus alata (Cork-winged Elm) Tree 30 to 40 ft. Ordinary soil and position Southern United States
  ,,      americana (American Elm) Tree 80 to 90 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, North America
  ,,            ,,      pendula (American Weeping Elm) Weeping tree         ,,        ,,        ,, Garden form
  ,,      campestris (Common Elm) Tree 60 to 80 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, Europe and Asia
  ,,            ,,        *aurea (Golden-leaved Elm) Tree 30 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, Garden form
  ,,            ,,        *microphylla pendula Weeping tree         ,,        ,,        ,, ,,
  ,,            ,,        suberosa Tree 60 to 80 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, ,,
  ,,            ,,        viminalis (Twiggy Elm) Tree 25 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, ,,
  ,,      fulva (Syn. U. rubra) Tree 50 to 60 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, North America
  ,,      montana (Scotch or Wych Elm) Tree 60 to 80 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, Europe and North Asia
  ,,          ,,      aurea Tree 30 to 40 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, Garden form
  ,,          ,,      crispa Tree 30 to 40 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, ,,
  ,,          ,,      *Dampieri aurea Tree 25 to 30 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, ,,
  ,,          ,,      fastigiata Tree 40 to 50 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, ,,
  ,,          ,,      *pendula Weeping tree         ,,        ,,        ,, ,,
  ,,          ,,      purpurea (Purple-leaved Elm) Tree 40 to 50 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, ,,
  ,,          ,,      and other varieties Various heights         ,,        ,,        ,, Garden forms
  ,,      parviflora (Syn. U. chinensis) Small tree 10 to 12 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, China and Japan
  ,,      pumila Small tree 10 to 15 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, North Asia
  ,,      racemosa Tree 50 to 60 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, North America
  ,,      turkestanica (Turkestan Elm) Tree 40 to 50 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, Turkestan
Xanthoxylum americanum (Toothache tree) Shrub 10 to 20 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, United States
        ,,          planispinum Shrub 10 to 15 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, Japan
Zelkowa acuminata Tree 50 to 80 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, Japan
      ,,        crenata Tree 60 to 80 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, Caucasus
      ,,        Verschaffelti (Syn. Ulmus Verschaffelti) Tree 30 ft.         ,,        ,,        ,, Eastern Europe and Asia Minor