The Project Gutenberg eBook of Dante, by R.W. Church.

[233] Witte quotes the Convito, iv. 5, where all these examples are recounted, almost in the same language. He compares Parad. vi. 46 (Cincinnatus), Purgat. xx. 25 (Fabricius), Parad. vi. 47 (Decii), Purg. i. where Cato guards the approach to Purgatory.

[234] I. 31 (W.), carelessly quoted.

[235] "Levior" al. "lenior."

[236] "Finem juris intendit."

[237] "Per se loquendo."

[238] "Inconveniens."

[239] "Construendo et destruendo." Technical terms of the conditional syllogism, constructive and destructive.

[240] Εὐβουλία. Ethics, vi. 10.

[241] Arist. Phys. Ausc. ii. 1.—(W.)

[242] I.e. of the heavens. Witte quotes Parad. viii. 97, Purg. xiv. 38.

[243] I. 5, 11; 6, 9.—(W.)

[244] Æn. vi. 848, iv. 227.—(W.)

[245] Arist. Pol. i. 2, 12.—(W.)

[246] Ethics, i. 1.

[247] Cf. Parad. xix. 70.—(W.)

[248] Heb. ii. 6; Levit. xvii. 3, 4.—(W.).

[249] Witte quotes from Isidore of Seville, a writer much used in the middle ages, the following: "In a moral sense, we offer a calf when we conquer the pride of the flesh; a lamb, when we correct our irrational impulses; a kid, when we master impurity; a dove, when we are simple; a turtle-dove, when we observe chastity; unleavened bread, 'when we keep the feast not in the leaven of malice, but in the unleavened bread of sincerity and truth.'"

[250] 2 Chron. xx. 12 (Vulg.).

[251] Phars. iv. 593; Metam. ix. 183, x. 569.—(W.).

[253] III. 10.—(W.)

[254] Witte only gives a query (?). The saying expresses the Ghibelline view of the relation of the Empire to the Pope; it may have originated with the coronation of Charles the Great.

[256] Metam. iv. 58, 88.—(W.)

[257] Oros. i. 14.—(W.)

[258] "Athlothetæ." The judges or umpires in the Greek games, whose seats were opposite to the goal at the side of the stadium. Vide Smith's Dictionary of Antiquities, s.v. "stadium."

[259] Oros. ii. 7.—(W.)

[260] Phars. ii. 692.—(W.)

[261] Not Livy. Cf. ix. 18, 3, where, speaking of Alexander and the Romans, he says: "Quem ne famâ quidem illis notum arbitror fuisse." The story is Greek in origin, coming from Cleitarchus (according to Pliny, Hist. Nat. iii. 9), who accompanied Alexander on his Asiatic expedition. Cf. Niebuhr, Lectures on the History of Rome, lect. 52, Grote, History of Greece, vol. xii. p. 70, note, who argue for its truth, and Mommsen, History of Rome, vol. i. p. 394, who argues against it. Dante, says Witte, used legends about Alexander now lost. Cf. Inf. xiv. 31.

[263] I. 234.—(W.)

[264] I. 109.—(W.)

[265] De Consol. Phil. ii. 6.—(W.)

[266] De Off. i. 12; De Re Milit. iii. prol.—(W.)

[267] "Imperii gloria," not "corona," in Cic. de Off. i. 12.—(W.)

[268] Ennius in Cic. de Off. i. 12 (W.) "War-monger" is Spenser's word. F.Q. 3, 10, 29.

[269] "Il sacrosanto segno." V. Parad. vi. 32.

[270] Liv. i. 24; Oros. ii. 4.

[272]

"Romanaque Samnis
Ultra Caudinas superavit vulnera furcas."

Another reading is "speravit."

[274] "Ab ordinario judice."

[275] Constantine the Great.—(W.)

[276] Dan. vi. 22. Vulg.—(W.)

[277] Prov. vii. 7. Vulg.—(W.)

[278] Arist. Eth. i. 4.—(W.)

[279] Ps. cxii. 7.—(W.)

[280] "Scytharum Civilitatem." Cf. Arist. Ethics, iii. 5, where τὸ βουλευτὸν is discussed, and thence come the first and the third example, a little altered, the Egyptian being substituted for the Spartan.

[281] Parad. ix. 133.—(W.)

[282] Ps. cxi. 9. Cant. i. 3.—(W.)

[283] "Scripturæ."

[285] Soph. El. ii. 3.—(W.)

[286] Aristotle, Phys. i. 2.—(W.)

[287] "Inopinabili."

[288] Dante does not quote St. Augustine's words, but gives his meaning, xvii. 2.—(W.)

[289] I. 36, 37. Dante writes: "per gyrum." The Benedictine text has: "per agrum."

[290] As quoted by Aristotle, Ethics, vi. 3.—(W.)

[291] Arist. Anal. Prior., or rather, the Summulæ Logicæ, l. iv., of Petrus Hispanus.—(W.)

[292] Peter Lombard, "magister sententiarum," iv. dist. 5, f. 2.—(W.)

[293] "Archimandrita nostro." Cf. Parad. xi. 99, of St. Francis.—(W.)

[294] On the Donation of Constantine, Witte refers to Inf. xxxviii. 94; xix. 115; Purg. xxxii. 124; Parad. xx. 35; suprà ii. 12.

[295] Each side in the controversy used the type of the "seamless robe," one of the Empire (suprà i. 16), the other of the Church; e.g., in the Bull of Boniface VIII., "Unam Sanctam."

[296] 1 Cor. iii. 11.—(W.)

[297] Cant. viii. 5.—(W.)

[298] Eth. iv. 1.—(W.)

[299] "Dispositio; dispositus; indisposita."

[300] A.D. 773.—(W.)

[301] "Advocavit."

[302] Otto I. (964) deposed Benedict V. and restored Leo VIII.

[303] Arist. Metaph. x. 1.—(W.)

[304] "Ad existentem maxime unum in genere suo."

[305] Eth. x. 5, 7.—(W.)

[306] "Cum differentialibus suis."

[307] "Non virtuante."

[308] "Incompetentem." Acts xxv. 10; xxvii. 24; xxviii. 19. Phil. i. 23.—(W.)

[309] Levit. ii. 11; xi. 43.—(W.)

[310] Numbers xviii. 20. Cf. Purg. xvi. 131.—(W.)

[311] Matt. x. 9.—(W.)

[312] Arist. Metaph. ix. 8.—(W.)

[313] "Virtus auctorizandi regnum nostræ mortalitatis est contra naturam Ecclesiæ."

[315] Arist. Phys. Ausc. ii. 1.—(W.)

[316] John xiii. 15; xxi. 22; xviii. 36.—(W.)

[317] Ps. xcv. 5.—(W.)

[318] In the De Causis (v. above, i. 11), Propos. 9: "Intelligentia comprehendit generata et naturam, et horizontem naturæ, scilicet animam; nam ipsa est supra naturam."—(W.)

[319] Arist. De Anim. ii. 2.—(W.)

[320] See Purg. xxviii.: and Mr. Longfellow's note ad loc.

[321] "Sua bestialitate vagantes." V. Ps. xxxii. 10.

[322] Cf. Parad. xxii. 151. "L'ajuola che ci fa tanto feroci."

[323] V. Hallam, Middle Ages, c. v. Bryce, Roman Empire, c. xiv. Witte, Præf. p. xxxiv. xlv.