335-A Principles of Geol., p. 696.
335-B For changes in climate, see Principles of Geol., chaps. vii. and viii.
335-C Geol. Trans., 2d series, vol. vi. p. 330.
336-A Agassiz, Poiss. Foss., lib. 4. p. 62. and liv. 5. p. 88.
337-A Goldfuss, Neue Jenaische Lit. Zeit., 1848; and Von Meyer, Quart. Geol. Journ., vol. iv. p. 51., memoirs.
338-A See Lyell's Second Visit, &c., vol. ii. p. 305.
340-A These impressions, found by Mr. Lea, were imagined to be in a rock as ancient as the old red sandstone; but, according to Mr. H. D. Rogers, they are in the lowest part of the coal formation.
341-A Phillips, Geol. of Yorksh., vol. ii. p. 208.
342-A Phillips, Geol. of Yorksh., pl. 20. fig. 65.
342-B Ibid., pl. 17. fig. 15.
342-C See section, fig. 318. p. 287.
343-A The Old Red Sandstone, by Hugh Miller, 1841.
345-A Old Red Sandstone. Plate 1. fig. 1. Mr. M.'s description of the fish is most graphic and correct.
347-A Camb. Phil. Trans., vol. vi. pl. 8. fig. 2.
349-A See Proceedings of Geol. Soc., and the anniversary speech of Dr. Buckland, P. G. S., for 1841.
349-B Lyell's Second Visit to the United States, vol. ii. p. 277.
350-A Memoir on the Hartz, Palæontographica of Dunker and Von Meyer, part iii.
352-A Murchison, Silurian System, p. 198, 199.
354-A Silurian System, pl. 7. bis. fig. 1. b.
358-A Quart. Geol. Journ., vol. ii. p. 11.; and Memoirs of Geol. Survey, vol. ii. p. 518.
359-A Quart. Geol. Journ., vol. iv. p. 300.
359-B Ibid., 299.
359-C Ibid., 145.
360-A Since this was written, Mr. Logan has discovered chelonian footprints in the lowest fossiliferous beds of the Silurian series, near Montreal, in Canada. Professor Owen inclines to refer them to the genus Emys.—Quart. Journ. G. S., vol. vii. p. lxxvi.
368-A For a description and theory of active volcanos, see Principles of Geology, chaps. xxiv. to xxvii.
374-A G. Rose, Ann. des Mines, tom. viii. p. 32.
374-B Geol. Trans. vol. ii. p. 211. 2d series.
378-A I have been favoured with this drawing by Captain B. Hall.
381-A Cambridge Transactions, vol. i. p. 402.
382-A Cambridge Trans., vol. i. p. 410.
382-B Ibid. vol. ii. p. 175.
382-C Dr. Berger, Geol. Trans., 1st series, vol. iii. p. 172.
382-D Geol. Trans., 1st series, vol. iii. p. 210. and plate 10.
382-E Ibid. p. 201.
383-A Geol. Trans., 1st series, vol. iii. p. 205.
383-B Ibid. p. 213.; and Playfair, Illust. of Hutt. Theory, p. 253.
383-C Geol. Trans., 1st series, vol. iii. p. 206.
383-D Sedgwick, Camb. Trans. vol. ii. p. 37.
383-E Illust. of Hutt. Theory, § 253. and 261. Dr. MacCulloch, Geol. Trans., 1st series, vol. ii. p. 305.
383-F Syst. of Geol. vol. i. p. 206.
384-A Camb. Trans. vol. ii. p. 180.
385-A MacCul. Syst. of Geol. vol. ii. p. 137.
385-B Seale's Geognosy of St. Helena, plate 9.
386-A Fortis. Mém. sur l'Hist. Nat. de l'Italie, tom. i. p. 233. plate 7.
387-A Scrope, Geol. Trans. vol. ii. p. 205. 2d series.
389-A See Princ. of Geol., Index, "Graham Island," "Nyöe," "Conglomerates, volcanic," &c.
390-A MacCulloch, West. Isl., vol. ii. p. 487.
390-B Syst. of Geol., vol. ii. p. 114.
390-C Ibid.
392-A See Principles, chaps. xxiv-xxvii.
393-A See Principles, chaps. xxvi. and xxx.; 8th ed. p. 397-475.
394-A See Principles of Geol. ch. xxiv. (8th ed. p. 355.).
394-B See Lyell on Craters of Denudation, Quart. Geol. Journ. vol. vi. p. 232.
399-A Caldcleugh, Phil. Trans. 1836. p. 27., and Official Documents of Nicaragua.
399-B See Principles, Index, "Skaptar Jokul."
401-A This view of the Isle of Cyclops is from an original drawing by my friend the late Captain Basil Hall, R. N.
404-A Consult the valuable memoir of M. L. A. Necker, Mém. de la Soc. de Phys. et d'Hist. Nat. de Génève, tom. ii. part i. Nov. 1822.
405-A From a drawing of M. Necker, in Mém. above cited.
405-B Phil. Trans., vol. lxx., 1780.
409-A Maclure, Journ. de Phys., vol. lxvi. p. 219., 1808; cited by Daubeny, Description of Volcanos, p. 24.
410-A This view is taken from a sketch which I made on the spot in 1830.
416-A Trans. of Geol. Soc., 2d series, vol. v.
419-A Scrope, Edin. Journ. of Sci., June, 1826, p. 145.
419-B Hibbert, Extinct Volcanos of the Rhine, p. 24.
423-A Scrope's Central France, p. 98.
423-B See chaps. xxiv., xxv., and xxvi., 7th and 8th editions.
423-C See Quarterly Geol. Journ., vol. ii. p. 77.
425-A For a view of Puy de Tartaret and Mont Dor, see Scrope's Volcanos of Central France.
427-A Scrope's Central France, p. 60., and plate.
428-A Daubeny on Volcanos, p. 14.
428-B Edin. Journ. of Sci., No. iv. N. S. p. 276. Figures of some of these remains are given by M. Bertrand de Doue, Ann. De la Soc. d'Agricult. de Puy, 1828.
429-A Mém. de la Soc. Géol. de France, tom. i. p. 175.
429-B See Lyell and Murchison, Ann. de Sci. Nat., Oct. 1829.
430-A See Scrope's Central France, p. 21.
430-B Ibid, p. 7.
431-A Boblaye and Virlet, Morea, p. 23.
432-A De la Beche, Geol. Proceedings, No. 41. p. 196.
432-B "The rock," as English readers of Burn's poems may remember, is a Scotch term for distaff.
435-A Murchison, Silurian System, &c. p. 230.
435-B Ibid., p. 272.
435-C Ibid., p. 325.
435-E Geol. Trans., 2d series, vol. iv. p. 55.
439-A Bulletin, 2d sèrie, iv. 1304.; and Archiac, Hist. des Progrès de Geol., i. 38.
440-A Boase on Primary Geology, p. 16.
441-A Bulletin, vol. iv., 2d ser., pp. 1318. and 1320.
441-B Syst. of Geol., vol. i. p. 157.
441-C Ibid., p. 158.
442-A Geol. Trans., 1st series, vol. iii. pl. 21.
442-B MacCulloch, Geol. Trans., vol. iii. p. 259.
443-A Capt. B. Hall, Trans. Roy. Soc. Edin., vol. vii.
444-A MacCulloch, Syst. of Geol., vol. i. p. 58.
444-B Western Islands, pl. 31.
444-C On Geol. of Cornwall, Camb. Trans. vol. i. p. 124.
445-A Phil. Mag. and Annals, No. 27. new series, March, 1829.
445-B Necker, sur la Val. de Valorsine, Mém. de la Soc. de Phys. de Génève, 1828. I visited, in 1832, the spot referred to in fig. 497.
446-A Necker, Proceedings of Geol. Soc., No. 26. p. 392.
446-B See Keilhau's Gæa Norvegica; Christiania, 1838.
450-A Silliman's Journ., No. 69. p. 123.
450-B See "Principles," Index, "Jorullo."
451-A "Principles," Index, "Volcanic Eruptions."
453-A Darwin, pp. 390. 406.; second edition, p. 319.
454-A See map of Europe and explanation, in Principles, book i.
456-A Elie de Beaumont, sur les Montagnes de l'Oisans, &c. Mém. de la Soc. d'Hist. Nat. de Paris, tom. v.
456-B See Murchison, Geol. Trans., 2d series, vol. ii. part ii. pp. 311-321.
456-C Western Islands, vol. i. p. 330. plate 18., figs. 3, 4.
456-D Von Buch, Annales de Chimie, &c.
457-A Proceedings of Geol. Soc., vol. ii. p. 562.
457-B See the Gæa Norvegica and other works of Keilhau, with whom I examined this country.
459-A Murchison, Geol. Trans., 2d series, vol. ii. p. 307.
459-B Geognostische Wanderungen, Leipzig, 1838.
461-A In the above section I have attempted to represent the new discoveries made since 1839, by Mr. Necker and Mr. A. C. Ramsay, in regard to the plutonic formations, 6. a, and 6. b.
463-A For the geology of Arran consult the works of Drs. Hutton and MacCulloch, the Memoirs of Messrs. Von Dechen and Oeynhausen, that of Professor Sedgwick and Sir R. Murchison (Geol. Trans. 2d series), Mr. L. A. Necker's Memoir, read to the Royal Soc. of Edin. 20th April, 1840, and Mr. Ramsay's Geol. of Arran, 1841. I examined myself a large part of Arran in 1836.
469-A Geol. Trans., 2d series, vol. iii. p. 480.
469-B The Silurian System of Rocks, as developed in Salop, Hereford, &c., p. 245.
469-C Ibid., p. 246.
470-A Introduction to Geology, chap. iv.
471-A Silurian System of Rocks, &c., p. 246.
471-B Report, Brit. Ass., Cork, 1843, p. 60.
471-C Quart. Geol. Journ., vol. iii. p. 87. 1847.
472-A Geol. Obs. on S. America, 1846, p. 168.
472-B Margaric acid is an oleaginous acid, formed from different animal and vegetable fatty substances. A margarate is a compound of this acid with soda, potash, or some other base, and is so named from its pearly lustre.
472-C Letter to the author, dated Cape of Good Hope, Feb. 20. 1836.
474-A Keilhau, Gæa Norvegica, pp. 61-63.
475-A Geol. Manual, p. 479.
475-B Phil. Trans., 1804.
476-A Poggendorf's Annalen, No. xvi., 2d series, vol. iii.
476-B See Principles, Index, "Carbonated Springs," &c.
476-C Hoffmann's Liparischen Inseln, p. 38. Leipzig, 1832.
477-A See Princ. of Geol.; and Bulletin de la Soc. Géol. de France, tom. ii. p. 230.
477-B See Princ. of Geol.; and Daubeny's Volcanos, p. 167.
477-C Jam. Ed. New Phil. Journ., No. 51. p. 43.
478-A Syst. of Geol., vol. i. p. 210.
478-B Ibid., p. 211.
478-C See above, pp. 327, 333.
479-A See Lyell, Quart. Geol. Journ., vol. i. p. 199.
479-B Dr. Boase, Primary Geology, p. 319.
480-A Geol. Trans., 2d series, vol. ii. p. 227.
480-B Darwin, Volcanic Islands, pp. 69, 70.
480-C Geol. Obs. in S. America, p. 167. See also above, p. 471.
480-D Bulletin, vol. iv. p. 1301.
483-A See notices of Savi, Hoffmann, and others, referred to by Boué, Bull. de la Soc. Géol. de France, tom. v. p. 317.; and tom. iii. p. xliv.; also Pilla, cited by Murchison, Quart. Geol. Journ., vol. v. p. 266.
487-A See Principles, Index, "Calcareous Springs."
489-A Principles, &c. chap. iv. 8th ed. p. 49.
491-A Geol. Trans. vol. iv. p. 139.; Trans. Roy. Geol. Society Cornwall, vol. ii. p. 90.
492-A Carne, Trans. of Geol. Soc. Cornwall, vol. iii. p. 238.
492-B Fournet, Etudes sur les Dépots Metalliferes.
493-A Geol. Rep. on Cornwall, p. 340.
493-B Principles, ch. xxvii. 8th ed. p. 422.
496-A See Dr. Daubeny's Volcanos.
496-B Bulletin, iv. p. 1278.
497-A R. W. Fox on Mineral Veins, p. 10.
497-B Ibid. p. 38.
498-A I am indebted to Sir H. De la Beche for this information. See also maps and sections of Irish Survey.
498-B Sir H. De la Beche, MS. notes on Irish Survey.
499-A Report on Geology of Cornwall, p. 310.
501-A See Principles of Geol., Book 3.
501-B See the author's Anniv. Address to the Geol. Soc. 1837. Proceedings of G. S. No. 49. p. 520.