Footnotes Chapter I.

1 Hurd, Law of Freedom and Bondage, I. 295.

2 Nation, April 18, 1889.

3 Appendix A, No. 1.

4 N. Y. Colonial Manuscripts, XIII. 211.

5 Appendix A, No. 45.

6 Hurd, Law of Freedom and Bondage, I. 295.

7 The texts will be found post, Appendix A.

8 Appendix A, No. 6.

9 Appendix A, No. 23.

10 Appendix A, No. 20.

11 Iredell, 90; Appendix A, No. 73.

12 Maryland Archives, II. 224.

13 Appendix A, No. 2.

14 Appendix A, No. 53.

15 Appendix A, No. 57; Appendix D, No. 6.

16 Boston Gazette, Jan. 1, 1770.

17 Boston Gazette, Oct. 2, 1750; G. W. Williams, History of the Negro Race in America, I. 330.

18 Liberator, March 16, 1860.

19 W. C. Nell's Address at the Nineteenth Anniversary of Boston Massacre.

20 Moore, Slavery in Massachusetts, 117.

21 Appendix A, No. 3; Appendix D, No. 10.

22 See ante, § 2.

23 N. Y. Colonial Manuscripts, XIII. 238; Letter from Jacob Aldrich to Director Stuyvesant of New Netherlands, New Amstel, 14 May, 1659; Documentary History of N. Y. Colony, II. 556; Appendix D, No. 2.

24 Appendix A, No. 8, Gilman, History of the American People, 605.

25 N. Y. Colonial Manuscripts, I. 342; Doyle, English in America, I. 391.

26 Maryland Archives, II. 523.

27 Appendix A, No. 37.

28 Acts and Laws of Connecticut, 229.

29 N. Y. Colonial Manuscripts, V. 637; Appendix D, No. 4.

30 N. Y. Colonial Manuscripts, V. 793.

31 Appendix A, Nos. 50, 59.

32 Giddings, Exiles of Florida, 281; Wilson, Rise and Fall of the Slave Power in America, I. 122.

33 Ante, § 8.

34 Letter from William Beekman to Director Stuyvesant, in N. Y. Colonial Manuscripts, XIII. 346; Appendix D, No. 3.

35 N. Y. Colonial Manuscripts, XIII. 346.

36 Moore, Notes on the History of Slavery in Massachusetts, 28; Doyle, English in America, I. 391; compare Appendix A, No. 14.

37 John Winthrop, History of New England from 1630 to 1649, p. 383; Appendix D, No. 1.

38 Archives of Maryland, Proceedings of Council, 1636-1667, pp. 134, 135.

39 Archives of Maryland, Proceedings of Council, III. 472.

40 Letter from M. de la Jonquière to M. de Rouillé, in N. Y. Colonial Manuscripts, X. 209; Appendix D, No. 5.

41 Massachusetts Historical Society Collections, Third Series, IX. 2; Appendix D, No. 7.

42 J. Quincy, Reports of Cases, 96; Appendix D, No. 8.

43 Moore, Slavery in Massachusetts, 117; T. R. Cobb, Historical Sketch of Slavery, 2, Law of Negro Slavery, 164; Massachusetts Historical Society Collections, Third Series, IX. 2; Josiah Quincy, Reports of Cases, 96; Hurd, Law of Freedom and Bondage, II.

44 Appendix B, No. 1.

45 Appendix B, Nos. 3, 5.

46 Appendix B, No. 2.

47 Post, § 22.

48 Randall, Jefferson, I. 397-400; Winsor, VII. 528; Journals of Congress, IX. 153-156.

49 Appendix B, No. 4; Journals of Congress, X. 79; Bancroft, History of the U. S. (last rev.), VI. 132-134; Bancroft, Constitution, I. 178-180; Hildreth, III. 458.

50 Appendix B, No. 6. On the Northwest Ordinance in general, see Winsor, VII. 538; J. H. Merriam, Legislative History of the Ordinance of 1787 (Worcester, 1888); Lalor's Cyclopædia, III. 30-34.

51 Elliot's Debates, V. 487.

52 Ibid., V. 487.

53 Appendix B, No. 7.

54 Elliot's Debates, III. 277.

55 Ibid., III. 182.

56 Ibid., III. 401.

57 Ibid., III. 428.

58 Ibid., III. 335.

Footnotes Chapter II.

59 Statutes at Large, I. 50.

60 Appendix B, No. 8.

61 Cong. Globe, 31 Cong. 1 Sess., Appendix, 1585; Annals of Cong., 2 Cong. 1 Sess., H. of R., 147.

62 State Papers, Miscellaneous, I. 39-43.

63 House Journal, 2 Cong. 1 Sess., 444; Annals of Cong., 148.

64 House Journal, 2 Cong. 1 Sess., 454; Annals of Cong., 179.

65 Senate Journal, 170; Annals, 115.

66 2 Cong. 2 Sess., Senate Journal, 460; Annals of Cong., 616.

67 Senate Journal, 16; Annals, 622.

68 Senate Journal, 25, 26; Annals, 623.

69 Senate Journal, 28; Annals, 625.

70 Senate Journal, 35; Annals, 630.

71 Senate Journal, 34, 35; Annals, 630.

72 House Journal, 105; Annals, 861.

73 Appendix B, No. 9.

74 Ante, § 8; Appendix A, No. 8.

75 Ante,§ 15.

76 For general discussions of the act, see Von Holst, Constitutional History, I. 309-315; Hildreth, History of the U. S., IV. 406-440; Lalor's Cyclopædia, II. 315-316; Stephens, War between the States, I. 629-636, 674; Bancroft's History of the U. S. (last revision), VI. 309, 310; Goodell, Slavery and Antislavery, 227; Curtis, History of the Constitution, II. 450-467; Hurd, Law of Freedom and Bondage, II. 142; Story, Commentaries, III. 673-678; McMaster, History of the American People, I. 508, II. 356, 357; Elliott's Debates, V. 357, 487; Schouler, History of the U. S., I. 219, 220; Tucker, History of the U. S., I. 500.

77 Appendix B, No. 9.

78 Post, § 27.

79 Post, §§ 34, 35.

80 Annals of Congress, 1796-97, p. 2015, and 1801-2, p. 343.

81 House Journal, 4 Cong. 2 Sess., 65; Annals of Cong., 1741, 1767.

82 Murray, Cooper, and Kiltera. Annals of Cong., 1767.

83 Sedgwick, Reed, and Henry. Senate Journal, 4 Cong. 2 Sess., 39; Annals of Cong., 1528.

84 Appendix B, No. 10.

85 House Journal, 6 Cong. 2 Sess., 220; Annals of Cong., 1053.

86 Nicholson, Goddard, Holland, J. Smith (Va.), Lowndes. House Journal, 7 Cong. 1 Sess., 34; Annals of Cong., 317.

87 House Journal, 7 Cong. 1 Sess., 45; Annals of Cong., 335.

88 Annals of Cong., 343.

89 House Journal, 7 Cong. 1 Sess., 125; Annals of Cong., 422, 423; Appendix B, No. 10.

90 House Journal, 7 Cong. 1 Sess., 125, 128; Annals of Cong., 423, 425.

91 Post, § 22.

92 House Journal, 15 Cong. 1 Sess., 50, 86, 182, 186, 189, 193, 198; Annals of Cong., 446, 447, 513, 819, 829, 831, 840, 1339, 1393.

93 Appendix B, No. 13.

94 Annals of Cong., 829.

95 Annals of Cong., 838.

96 Annals of Cong., 15 Cong. 1 Sess., 829, 830.

97 Annals of Cong., 838.

98 Annals of Cong., 838.

99 Annals of Cong., 838.

100 Annals of Cong., 838.

101 Appendix B, No. 13.

102 Post, § 25.

103 House Journal, 15 Cong. 1 Sess., 198; Annals of Cong., 840.

104 Appendix B, No. 14.

105 Appendix B, No. 15.

106 Senate Journal, 15 Cong. 1 Sess., 128, 135, 174, 202, 227, 228, 233; House Journal, 328; Annals of Cong., 165, 210, 259, 262, 1339.

107 Annals of Cong., 1716.

108 Cf. Appendix B, No. 17.

109 House Journal, 15 Cong. 1 Sess., 188, 191; Annals of Cong., 546, 551.

110 Annals of Cong., 16 Cong. 1 Sess., 469, 1587.

111 Appendix B, No. 16.

112 Liberator, Jan. 24, 1840 (N. Y. Evening Post).

113 House Journal, 16 Cong. 1 Sess., 427; Annals of Cong., 1863.

114 Appendix B, No. 18.

115 Senate Journal, 16 Cong. 1 Sess., 319, 326; Annals of Cong., p. 618.

116 Appendix B, No. 18.

117 House Journal, 17 Cong. 1 Sess., 143; Annals of Cong., 553, 558, 710.

118 Annals of Cong, 17 Cong. 1 Sess., 1379, 1415, 1444.

119 Appendix B, No. 8.

120 Appendix B, No. 11.

121 Appendix B, No. 19.

122 Ante, § 13; Appendix B, No. 2.

123 Appendix B, No. 12.

124 Am. State Papers, Foreign, IV. 106-126, VI. 346-354.

125 Annals of Cong., 16 Cong. 2 Sess., 94.

126 S. G. Howe, Refugees from Slavery in Canada, 12-14; Niles's Register, XXIII. 26, LV. 289.

127 Appendix B, No. 21; cf. No. 24.

128 Niles's Register, XXIII. 26.

129 Liberator, Dec. 31, 1860.

130 Pamphlets on Anderson case, Boston Public Library; Appendix D, No. 65.

131 Life of Gerrit Smith, 115.

132 Liberator, Jan. 22, 1861.

133 Von Holst, II. 312; Calhoun, III. 9, 464, 486; Senate Docs., 25 Cong. 3 Sess., No. 216.

134 Wilson, Slave Power, I. 439-442; Congressional Globe, XIV. 50.

135 Goodell, Slavery and Antislavery, 252, 253; Von Holst, Calhoun, 204-209.

136 House Docs., 27 Cong. 2 Sess., V., No. 242; Congressional Globe, XIV. 50.

137 Senate Docs., 26 Cong. 1 Sess., III., No. 11.

138 Congressional Globe, XIV. 80, 113-118; Calhoun, III. 462; Appendix B, No. 20.

139 Senate Docs., 27 Cong. 1 Sess., II., No. 51.

140 Cobbett's Case, 47; Dana's Wheaton, note 62; cf. Appendix B, No. 23.

141 Lawrence's Wheaton, 207, n.

142 Von Holst, I. 321, 322; Opinions of the Attorney Generals, III. 484; 15 Peters, 518.

143 R. Smedley, Underground Railroad, 26.

144 See post, §§ 71-76.

145 See post, § 38.

146 Appendix B, No. 22; 16 Peters, 957; Report of Case of Edward Prigg, Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, 202; Bledsoe, Liberty and Slavery, 355; J. F. Clarke, Antislavery Days, 69.

147 Post, §§ 78, 79.

148 Post, §§ 34, 41, 42.

149 Senate Journal, 30 Cong., 1 Sess., 59; Congressional Globe, 51.

150 Senate Journal, 30 Cong., 1 Sess., 313; Congressional Globe, 722.

151 Senate Journal, 30 Cong., 1 Sess., 313; Congressional Globe, 722.

152 Appendix B, No. 29.

153 Appendix B, Nos. 25, 27, 28.

154 Appendix B, No. 26.

155 Appendix B, No. 30. In this number of the Appendix is a summary of the legislative history of the measure, from the introduction of Mason's bill, Jan. 4, 1850, to the signature of the act by President Fillmore, Sept. 18, 1850, with references to the records of Congress.

156 Congressional Globe, 31 Cong. 1 Sess., 236.

157 Senate Journal, 31 Cong. 1 Sess., 118.

158 Congressional Globe, 31 Cong. 1 Sess., 248; Appendix B, No. 30. The test vote in the House stood as follows:—

159 Appendix B, No. 30. For general discussions of the act, see Von Holst, III. 548-557, IV. 9-12, 20-29; Wilson, Slave Power, II. 302-329; Greeley, American Conflict, I. 210-221; Cooley's Story, § 1921; Lalor's Cyclopædia, II. 315-317; Bryant and Gay, U. S., IV. 397-401.

160 For the text of the act, see Appendix B, No. 31.

161 Congressional Globe, 31 Cong. 1 Sess., Appendix, 1610.

162 Congressional Globe, 31 Cong. 1 Sess., 1583.

163 Congressional Globe, 31 Cong. 2 Sess., Appendix, 1051.

164 Congressional Globe, 31 Cong. 2 Sess., Appendix, 1622.

165 Congressional Globe, 31 Cong. 1 Sess., 79.

166 Congressional Globe, 31 Cong. 1 Sess., 78.

167 Von Holst, III. 493.

168 Congressional Globe, 31 Cong. 1 Sess., Appendix, 1597.

Footnotes Chapter III.

169 Mr. Quincy also states, that "about a fortnight elapsed, when I was called upon by Rufus Green Amory, a lawyer of eminence at the Boston bar in that day, who showed me a letter from a Southern slaveholder, directing him to prosecute Josiah Quincy for the penalty under the law of 1793, for obstructing the agent of the claimant in obtaining his slave under the process established by that law. Mr. Amory felt, no less than myself, the folly of such a pretence; and I never heard from him, or from any one, anything more upon the subject of prosecution. This fact, and the universal gratification which the fact appeared to give to the public, satisfied my mind, that, unless by accident, or stealth, or in some very thin settled part of the country, the law of 1793 would be forever inoperative, as the event has proved in Massachusetts."—Meeting at Faneuil Hall to protest against the Fugitive Slave Law, letter read from Josiah Quincy, Boston Atlas, Oct. 15, 1850; Goodell, Slavery and Antislavery, 232; Appendix D, No. 12.

170 Appendix D, No. 13.

171 Appendix D, No. 19.

172 Appendix D, No. 16.

173 Appendix D, No. 42.

174 Appendix D, No. 26.

175 Appendix D, No. 20.

176 Appendix D, No. 22.

177 Appendix D, No. 35.

178 See post, § 81.

179 Ante, § 25.

180 Appendix D, No. 28; see post, § 81.

181 Appendix D, No. 34.

182 Ante, § 25.

183 Appendix D, No. 21.

184 Appendix D, No. 24.

185 Appendix D, No. 37.

186 Appendix D, No. 25.

187 Appendix D, No. 40.

188 Appendix D, No. 31.

189 Liberator, Aug. 15, 1845, "The Branded Hand."

190 Von Holst, IV. 10, 11.

191 J. F. Clarke, Antislavery Days, 92.

192 Appendix D, No. 43.

193 Appendix D, No. 48.

194 Liberator, April 17, 1851.

195 Daily Morning Chronicle, April 26, 1851.

196 Liberator, April 17, 1851.

197 Appendix D, No. 57.

198 Boston Journal, May 29, 1854.

199 Personal statement of Mr. Elbridge Sprague, made to the writer. Col. T. W. Higginson suggests a few minor corrections in Mr. Sprague's narrative. The first person to step in was an unknown negro: the beam used was found in Court Square; none were prepared beforehand; there was but one box of axes.

200 Boston Daily Advertiser, 1854, Worcester Spy, May 31, 1854, Argument of Mr. R. H. Dana.

201 Liberator, Aug. 22, 1854.

202 Von Holst, V. 64.

203 Appendix D, No. 57.

204 Commonwealth, June 26, 1854.

205 Appendix D, No. 58.

206 See post, § 81.

207 Appendix D, No. 47.

208 31 Cong. 2 Sess., Senate Journal, 187; Congressional Globe, 580.

209 Von Holst, III. 25.

210 Appendix D, No. 51.

211 Appendix D, No. 62.

212 Appendix D, No. 49.

213 Appendix D, No. 50.

214 Sanborn, Life and Letters of John Brown, 420; Douglass, Life and Times of John Brown, 279, 282.

215 Von Holst, John Brown, 104.