35: Joint-reporter.—Tr.

36: A kind that heads in the form of a capuchin's hood.—Tr.

37: When one's five numbers are all drawn in their order, it is a quinterne.—Tr.

38: Aufgebunden may mean either tied up or untied.—Tr.

39: Burlesque and serious operas.—Tr.

40: Or, figure in history.—Tr.

41: The ideal of the beautiful.

42: As the Rabbins believe, according to Eisenmenger's Judaism, Part II. 7.

43: Usance means the month's grace allowed for the payment of a bill of exchange; double usance, of course, allows two months.—Tr.

44: Petrarch, like German reviewers, avoided nightingales, and sought frogs.

45: "Schattenriss oder Schattenschnitt" is the German.—Tr.

46: The literal rendering would be "cut out of the eyes, or, rather, out of the face." The phrase in Italics is a German idiom for expressing an exact likeness.—Tr.

47: The readers of Boswell's Johnson will remember that interesting native of the South-Sea Islands.—Tr.

48: Matthieu being the French for Matthew.—Tr.

49: Zeusel was a court-apothecary, mentioned on page 7, of whom we shall hear more.—Tr.

50: An Italian word, meaning literally gallant, applied to those Platonic lovers who, with the connivance of the husbands, attended married ladies, and were everywhere seen in confidential chat with them.—Tr.

51: La Mettrie was a noted medical man and materialist in his day, b. 1709.—Tr.

52: Remember the beautiful passage in Bede's History, where the Northumbrian prince compares man's life to the flight of the swallow through the lighted hall out of darkness into darkness.—Tr.

53: An allusion, perhaps, to the legend, so lovely to the fancy, that a crucifix in Naples, when Alphonso was besieged there, in 1439, bowed its head before a cannon-ball, which consequently took off only the crown of thorns!—Voyage d'un François, Tom. VI. p. 303.

54: This clover insures him who accidentally finds it against future deception. Hitherto it has been found only by—princes and philosophers.

55: Matz, in German, means also both a starling and a blockhead.—Tr.

56: Elegant paper for the upper classes.—Tr.

57: In the original, "hang hares' tails on us," i. e. "make fools of us."—Tr.

58: Literally, spit-devils,—a sort of firework.—Tr.

59: I. e. Birthday-festival.—Tr.

60: Not one of the commonplace souls that jog steadily on like the hexameter.—Tr.

61: This was a common practice of our old New England Puritan parsons.—Tr.

62: Disciples of Kennicott, the well-known English verifier of the general accuracy of the Sacred Text.—Tr.

63: A trap extemporized by setting up a heavy book obliquely, with one end resting on a stick, and the cheese attached.—Tr.

64: Christina, daughter of Charles XII., abdicated in May, 1654, at the age of twenty-eight.—Tr.

65: A famous and popular old volume delineating the world of nature and life in pictures, with numbers referring to the different parts of each picture.—Tr.

66: That is, threw into them, as into scrap-baskets, the bits of paper on which he had written his thoughts.—Tr.

67: Allusion to Ezekiel.—Tr.

68: Literally, God's-box.—Tr.

69: Gesprungen seems to mean both vibrated and snapped.

70: Haupt- und Staat-actionen, the phrase used by Faust in his first dialogue with Wagner. Schlegel says the title was affixed to dramas designed for marionettes when they treated heroic and historical subjects.—Tr.

71: Epiglottis.—Tr.

72: What has come into the world feet foremost.—Tr.

73: Basselisse (French).—Tr.

74: Ladenhüter (shop-keeper) is the German word, meaning goods that keep the store as a sick man keeps his bed,—shop-ridden.—Tr.

75: A court that decided matters in dispute among the sovereigns of the German Confederation.—Tr.

76: A selection of choice learning.—Tr.

77: Midsummer-day.—Tr.

78: A name given by the Greeks to the Hebrew word Jehovah, which consists, in the original, of four letters.—Tr.

79: The thumb of a hanged thief was considered as a lucky-bone.—Tr.

80: Full.—Tr.

81: Or it went a begging, as we say.—Tr.

82: "Rara avis."—Tr.

83: See page 67.—Tr.

84: It is precisely the possession of heterogeneous faculties in similar degree that makes one inconsequent and inconsistent; men with one predominant faculty act by it with more equableness. In despotisms there is more quiet than in republics; at the hot equator there is a more even rate of the barometer than in the zones of four seasons.

85: One of Burns's words.—Tr.

86: The bust of the Vatican Apollo, by which he would learn to model no other figure than his own.

87: There is something in the use and application of the word Wissenschaft which requires for its appreciation an understanding of the peculiar genius of the German mind.—Tr.

88: Bacon's remark will recur to the reader.—Tr.

89: A solar system is only a dotted profile of the genius of the world, but a human eye is his miniature. The mechanics of the bodies of the universe the mathematical masters of reckoning may calculate, but the dioptrics of the eye, growing bright amidst nothing but dull moistures, transcends our algebraic audit-offices, which therefore cannot reckon away from the imitated eyes (the glasses) the space of diffusion and the narrow field.

90: Jean Paul would probably have said Rubicon if he had not been going to say it elsewhere,—e. g. p. 199.

91: Hieronym. cont. Jov. L 2.

92: Hof means in German both court—and yard.—Tr.

93: Bayle's Dictionary, Art. François d'Assise, Note C.

94: A half-way house.—Tr.

95: Jean Paul probably means, that such noble hearts as Victor's Le Baut might shut up into silence, but could not with his Chamberlain's master-key open and find out their secrets.—Tr.

96: In a later edition Jean Paul substitutes for Schein-tod (sham death) a half French word, Postiche-tod (supposititious death).—Tr.

97: "On whose board he had a stone," literally,—a proverb for being in one's good graces.—Tr.

98: There is an inconsistency in date of month here with p. 135.—Tr.

99: The dog as well as myself know what island that is, but no more.

100: "Burning-chambers," a name originally given to the place for judging criminals of state belonging to illustrious families. The room was lined with black, and lighted with flambeaux. Originated with Francis I. in 1535, in his persecution of heretics.—Tr.

101: Plebeian.—Tr.

102: One at hearing from Emanuel, the other at seeing Clotilda.—Tr.

103: Red drops fall from butterflies in their last transformation, which they used to call bloody rain.

104: When one looks a long time into the blue of heaven, it begins to undulate, and these waves in the air one imagines in childhood to be angels at play.

105: This monologue is a fragment from an earlier dark hour, such as every heart of sensibility once suffers.

106: Noth-münzen means originally coin containing alloy, struck off in hard times.—Tr.

107: The Hebrew language has but three vowels ("vowel-points") which, from the assistance they gave in enunciating a vast variety of words, were called matres lectionis, or mothers of the reading.—Tr.

108: I. e. bowing so low.—Tr.

109: Herkommen, as a common noun, means tradition or custom.—Tr.

110: An infusorial or minute animal, called in natural history rotifera (wheel-bearer).—Tr.

111: Famulus is the Latin name in the German. Wagner was one in Faust.—Tr.

112: So called in allusion to the shaking they were giving it.—Tr.

113: Kopfstück (lit. head-piece), a coin bearing the head of the regent.—Tr.

114: The billiard-pockets (like the contribution-bags) used to have bells to them.—Tr.

115: Who felt himself to be "a child picking up pebbles on the shore of the great ocean of truth."—Tr.

116: A conventual term,—a six.—Tr.

117: God bless you!—Tr.

118: Many thanks!—Tr.

119: Of course a parody on "Verbum sat sapienti,"—"A word for the fool," &c.—Tr.

120: Or reading-easel (the latter word seeming to be an English corruption of the German Esel, ass),—any book-rest. Maler-esel means a painter's easel.—Tr.

121: When they occur in actual life.—Tr.

122: Eclectic or miscellaneous science, not confined to one department.—Tr.

123: A King of France once sent a vassal illum baculum, quo se sustentabat, in symbolum traditionis. (Du Fresne's Glossary.) So far as I know, there has never been made a good and serviceable—abridgment of this glossarium for ladies.

124: Just as there are listening sisters (les Tourières or Sœurs écoutés) who go with the nuns into the conversing room, to overhear their talk.

125: Or absentee-curates.—Tr.

126: Literally looker-on,—one admitted to behold the secret ceremonies in the Eleusinian mysteries.—Tr.

127: To know how to obey is a glory equal to that of commanding.—Tr.

128: "Slaves are accounted nobodies."—Tr.

129: In real life.—Tr.

130: To make one a queue is a proverb for imposing on him (like pinning a rag to one's coat-tail?).—Tr.

131: Diet (from dies) implies the idea of day, but the German "Reichstag" makes the pun more palpable in the original.—Tr.

132: A lady's watch, as is well known, shaped like a heart, provided on the back with a dial-gnomon and magnetic needle. The latter points out to the ladies (who hate cold) the south also, in fact, and the sun-dial-index serves as a moon-dial-index.

133: "Rome concealed the name of her god, and she was wrong; I conceal the name of my goddess, and I am right."

134: Or Tensa, the carriage on which they bore the images of the gods in the Circensian games.—Tr.

135: A shrine.—Tr.

136: Properly, a pitcher, or urn.—Tr.

137: Here Jean Paul inserts, after "in die Federn," "(nicht in die Feder),"—i. e. not into the pen (a German phrase for dictating). The pun could not be kept.—Tr.

138: A watch that tells only the hours.—Tr.

139: The reference is to Laurence Sterne, and the snuff-box he mentions in the early part of the "Sentimental Journey," as given him by a monk, and carried ever after as an amulet.—Tr.

140: Ignatius's-plate means probably a breastplate, or medallion, consecrated by Ignatius Loyola.—Tr.

141: I. e. to throw light upon it.—Tr.

142: Like John Buncle, who went round, as was said, to propagate his faith and his species.—Tr.

143: A fourth reason would be, that now, every time be loves another than Clotilda, he seems to earn a new claim to the gratitude of his friend.

144: Italian for everybody.—Tr.

145: May there be a sly allusion—here to the possibility of their putting their hair up in papers torn from the leaves of Jean Paul's works?—Tr.

146: Schickaneder was the Director of a Theatre in Vienna in the time of Mozart, and wrote the text for the Magic Flute.—Tr.

147: A wreath given in derision to brides who before marriage had been unchaste.—Tr.

148: And then are ready to verify the proverb: Curses, like chickens, come home to roost.—Tr.

149: Musical interval.—Tr.

150: Old scholastic term for a past eternity, in contradiction to a coming eternity, a parte post.—Tr.

151: The Invisible Lodge; a Biography in Two Parts. [A work of Jean Paul's.—Tr.]

152: Such was the name of his Lordship's wife, who in her twenty-third year sank to rest in the eternal arms.

153: In the original, Semper-freie (always free,—eligible to office).—Tr.

154: Hence too it was, that, so long as Victor was at the Parsonage, she avoided Flamin's society.

155: The reader will remember this same remark, in so many words, on p. 223.—Tr.

156: It turned out more fortunately, and without loss of the stones, and I had the satisfaction to find that no woman who read the first edition of this work has, in her womanlike castling or rotation in office, at all interchanged the two thats. Nay, even the female readers of the second edition have remained consistent with themselves.

157: Demoralization.—Tr.

158: The German word kleiden; it has a corresponding double meaning of dressing, and also of suiting.—Tr.

159: Science,—Mathematics.—Tr.

160: Step-measurers.—Tr.

161: Men entitled to lecture in three branches.—Tr.

162: Or disciple of the indifferential calculus.—Tr.

163: Or, in prose, fiery water-wheel.—Tr.

164:

165: Fromm is the German. It is time the words religious and pious were redeemed from the base uses of sectarianism and bigotry.—Tr.

166: Enlightenment in an empty heart is mere memory-work, let it strain the faculty of acumen ever so much. Most men of our day resemble the new houses in Potsdam, in which (according to Reichard) Frederick the Second caused lights to be placed at night, that every one, including Reichard himself, might think they were—occupied.

167: Most men have, perhaps, only an equal number of good thoughts and actions; but it is still an open question how long the virtuous man may interrupt his good thoughts (which have less need than good actions of the outer world) by indifferent ones.

168: For the noblest leans just the most on loving souls, or at least on his ideals of them, with which, however, he is only in so far satisfied as he regards them as pledges of future prototypes. I do not except either the Stoic (that Epicurean God) or the Mystic: both love in the Creator only the sum total of his creatures; we the former in the latter.

169: The German Vorwand means literally front wall (not far from the etymological meaning of pretext); so that there may be a figurative element here beyond what appears to the casual reader.—Tr.

170: The reader of this letter will readily presuppose that Clotilda, as she does not know into whose hands it may fall,—in fact, it is actually in ours,—will have to hurry over her relations and mysteries (e. g. respecting Flamin, Victor, &c.) with an obscurity which to her proper reader was clear enough.

171: Let the reader remember that she is master of as much of this biography as he, if not more.

172: She means Giulia, from whose corpse grief had hurried her away.

173:

174: "Fly not from me, because I am always encompassed by a great shadow, which increases till at last it shall wall me up."

175: Every seven years of human life.—Tr.

176:

177: As the spots in the moon are fields of flowers and plants.

178: Here ended (in the original) the first volume.—Tr.

179: So called, as it was made to answer for both bed and board. See the next sentence but one.—Tr.

180: The rudiments of printing.—Tr.

181: He is indignant, it is true, only at the typographical history of learned works, and despises only the anxious search after the birthdays, &c., of deceased and stupid books in the midst of a world full of wonders; but here, too, he must needs consider that brains which can let nothing press upon them more than operations of the press still do better this little something, which saves and accumulates most for the better ones, than nothing at all, or anything beyond their ability.

182: A name given to screens used for partitions.—Tr.

183: A well-known good writer on the eyes.

184: Or crystalline lens?—Tr.

185: Glands in the eyelids, discovered by Meibom in 1673.—Tr.

186: A glandule at the corner of the eye, which secretes moisture.—Tr.

187: Honeymoon. One of Jean Paul's variations on the phrase.—Tr.

188: The Germans are peculiarly rich in synonymes for the honeymoon. The word used here is Flitterwochen (Spangle-weeks).—Tr.

189: Moldavian or Wallachian governor.—Tr.

190: Some of the German written letters are like the Greek. Alphabet (at the end of the sentence) is a printer's term for 23 sheets.—Tr.

191: The Fetzpopel, or ragged ninny, was a sort of scarecrow or bugbear.—Tr.

192: A fistful.—Tr.

193: An Indian moss used for the gout.—Tr.

194: An allusion to a scandalous Scotch imposture of 1780.—Tr.

195: Sledges for riding astraddle.—Tr.

196: The Britons found out that whalebone shavings made the softest kind of bed.

197: The English of this seems to be:—