1 Letter of July 22, 1898, by Duc d’Almodovar del Rio, Prime Minister of Spain, to President McKinley, suing for peace. Senate Document 62, pt. 1, 55th Congress, 3d Session, pp. 272–3.
2 See Congressional Record of that date, p. 33.
3 General Otis’s appreciation of such “aid” was thus expressed in his cablegram to Washington of June 4, 1899: “Negotiations and conferences with insurgents cost soldiers’ lives and prolong our difficulties.” Correspondence Relating to the War with Spain, vol. ii., p. 1002.
4 Address by Secretary of War Taft before the National Geographic Society at Washington, published in the official organ of that Society, National Geographic Magazine for August, 1905.
5 Says General Chaffee in his annual report for 1902: “The intelligent element controlled the ignorant masses as perfectly as ever a captain controlled the men of his company.” War Department Report, 1902, vol. ix., p. 191.
6 War Department Report, 1900, vol. i., pt. 5, p. 61.
7 August 29, 1898, to May 5, 1900.
8 Especially independence.
9 Senate Document 331 (1902), pt. 1, page 50.
10 A slander ignorantly repeated by the adverse report of the minority of the Insular Affairs Committee of the House, on the Jones Bill, introduced in March, 1912, proposing ultimate independence in 1921.
11 See The Commoner, April 27, 1906.
12 Philippine Census, vol. ii., p. 9.
13 These are the three main lines of cleavage, linguistically speaking. Nearly all the minor dialects are kin to some one of the principal three.
14 Peasant’s hut, usually of bamboo, thatched with stout straw (nipa). It is the log cabin of the Philippines.
15 By way of protest against this kind of belittling of the army’s work, General MacArthur says in his annual report (War Dept. Rept., 1900, vol. i., pt. 5, p. 60), “Such a narrow statement of the case is unfair to the service,” adding a handsome tribute, which might have come very graciously from the Commission had it felt so disposed, to “the endurance, fortitude, and valor” of his 70,000 men during the precise period while the Commission was filling the American papers with politically opportune nonsense about “Peace, peace,” when there was no peace.
16 See Report of Secretary of War Root for 1900. War Department Report, 1900, vol. i., pt. 1, p. 80.
17 See Report of Taft Philippine Commission of 1900, p. 17.
18 War Department Report, 1900, vol. i., pt. 5, pp. 34–42.
19 S. D. 435, 56th Cong. 1st Sess.
20 Report U. S. Philippine Commission, November, 1900, p. 15.
21 General Lawton was killed in battle in the hour of victory at a point only about twelve miles out of Manila, in the winter preceding the spring of 1900 in which the Taft Commission left the United States for Manila.
22 This interview was indorsed as substantially correct by General MacArthur before the Senate Committee of 1902, Senator Culberson first reading it to him and then asking him if it quoted him correctly. See hearing on Philippine affairs, 1902, Senate Document 331, pt. 2, p. 1942.
23 War Department Report, 1901, vol. i., pt. 4, p. 88.
24 Ibid., 1900, vol. i., pt. 5, p. 60.
25 November, 1899, to September, 1900, both inclusive.
26 W. D. R., 1900, vol. i., pt. 5, p. 60.
27 Judge Taft had cabled Secretary of War Root on August 21, 1900, after his arrival in June: “Defining of political issues in United States reported here in full, gave hope to insurgent officers still in arms, * * * and stayed surrenders to await result of election.” See War Department Report, 1901, vol. i., pt. 4, p. 80.
28 War Department Report, 1901, vol. i., pt. 4, p. 89.
29 See Report of Taft Commission to Secretary of War, dated November 30, 1900.
30 A sample of one of these death sentences that Cailles and all the rest of the insurgent generals were accustomed to issue against their “Copperheads” may be seen in General MacArthur’s report for 1900. War Department Report, 1900, vol. i., pt. 5, p. 63.
31 War Department Report, 1901, vol. i., pt. 4, p. 90.
32 See Report of Secretary Root for 1902, p. 13.
33 Just how correct this was will be examined later.
34 “The people seem to be actuated by the idea that men are never nearer right than when going with their own kith and kin.” War Department Report, 1900, vol. i., pt. 5, p. 61.
35 General MacArthur’s Annual Report dated October 1, 1900. War Department Report, 1900, vol. i., pt. 5, pp. 61–2.
36 General MacArthur’s report which we are now quoting from, dated October 1, 1900, was forwarded by the ordinary course of mail, and even if it arrived before the day of the November election, the Secretary of War certainly did not at once place it before the public.
37 Compare this MacArthur, October 1, 1900, statement with the Taft statements of the same situation between June and November, 1900, as expressed for instance in his November, 1900, report to the Secretary of War thus: “A great majority of the people long for peace and are entirely willing to accept the establishment of a government under the supremacy of the United States. They are, however, restrained by fear. * * * Without this, armed resistance to the United States authority would have long ago ceased. It is a Mafia on a very large scale.” Report, Taft Commission, November 30, 1900, p. 17. This was before Judge Taft met Juan Cailles above mentioned and liked him well enough to make him governor of a province, in spite of his being an “assassin,” in other words a Filipino general who had a few weak-kneed fellows shot for being too friendly with the Americans.
38 Chapter XI., ante.
39 See War Department Report, 1900, vol. i., pt. 5, pp. 65–6.
40 As for my share as a soldier in that Philippine Insurrection, admitting, as I now do, that it was a tragedy of errors, the President of the United States would indeed be a very impotent Chief Executive if it were every American’s duty to deliberate as a judge on the Bench before he decided to answer a president’s call for volunteers in an emergency. I am not yet so highly educated as to find no inward response to the sentiment, “Right or wrong, my country.” If this sentiment is not right, no republic can long survive, for the ultimate safety of republics must lie in volunteer soldiery.
41 Page 93.
42 Correspondence Relating to the War with Spain, vol. ii., p. 1211.
43 Correspondence Relating to the War with Spain, vol. ii., p. 1222.
44 Ibid., vol. ii., p. 1223.
45 Ibid., p. 1226.
46 Ibid., p. 1237.
47 See Correspondence Relating to War with Spain, vol. ii., p. 1239.
48 Ten or twelve thousand.
49 Correspondence Relating to War with Spain, vol. ii., p. 1249.
50 See Public Laws, U. S. Philippine Commission Division of Insular Affairs, War Department, Washington, 1901, p. 181.
51 See General Funston’s article on “The Capture of Aguinaldo,” which appeared in Scribner’s Magazine for November, 1911.
52 War Department Report, 1901, vol. i. pt. 4, p. 99.
53 For a copy of this proclamation see War Department Report, 1901, vol. i., pt. 4, p. 100.
54 The War with Spain, by H. C. Lodge, p. 20.