| Symbol | C or E | Fusing Point | |
| Alumina (calcined) | Al2O3 | C 102 | Very infusible |
| Alumina (hydrated) | Al2O3·3H2O | C 156 | |
| Aluminium | Al | E 27 | 627° C. |
| Ammonia | NH3 | Volatile | |
| Antimony | Sb | E 120 | 432° C. |
| Antimony oxide | SbO | ||
| Arsenic | As | E 75 | 500° C. |
| Barium (metallic element) | Ba | E 137 | Fuses above red heat |
| Barium carbonate | BaCO3 | C 197 | |
| Barytes | BaSO4 | C 233 | Fuses about white heat |
| Bauxite | |||
| Bismuth | Bi | E 28 | |
| Borax (crystals) | Na2B4O7·10H2O | C 382 | Very fusible |
| Boric acid (crystals) | B2O3·3H2O | C 124 | |
| Boric acid (dry) | B2O3 | C 70 | High fusing point |
| Boron (metallic element) | B | E 11 | |
| Calcined bones | Infusible | ||
| Calcined kaolin China clay (fine) | Al2O3·2SiO2 | C 222 | Very infusible slightly vitreous at highest fire |
| Calcium oxide (lime) | CaO | C 56 | Very refractory if alone but fusible with clays |
| Calcium carbonate | CaCO3 | C 100 | |
| China stone Cornish stone | 8SiO2·2Al2O3·K2O | 1379 | 1300° C. about |
| Chrome oxide | Cr2O3 | C 79 | |
| Chromium | Ca | E 51 | Above platinum |
| Cobalt | Co | E 59 | 1500° C. |
| Cobalt oxide | Co2O3 | C 165 | |
| Cobalt oxide (black) | Co2O4 | C 240 | |
| Copper | Cu | E 63 | 1054°-1084° C. |
| Copper oxide (black) | CuO | C 79.5 | |
| Earthy colourants | |||
| Ochres | |||
| Siennas | |||
| Umbers | |||
| Felspar | 6SiO2·Al2O3·K2O | C 556 | 1200°-1300° C. about, according to purity |
| Flint (calcined) | SiO2 | C 60 | 1830° C. about |
| Fluorspar | CaF2 | Much lower than felspar | |
| Galena (lead sulphide) | PbS | Very fusible | |
| Gold | Au | E 147 | 1054°-1075° C. |
| Gypsum (plaster of Paris, if calcined) | CaSO4·2H2O | C 172 | |
| Iron | Fe | E 56 | 1530°-1600° C. about |
| Iron oxide | Fe2O3 | C 160 | |
| Iridium | Ir | E 193 | 1950° C. about |
| Kaolin (see calcined kaolin) | Al2O3·2SiO2·2H2O | C 258 | Infusible |
| Lead (metal) | Pb | E 206 | 326° C. |
| Lead carbonate | PbCO2 | ||
| Lead, red oxide of | Pb3CO4 | ||
| Lime (see calcium oxide or carbonate) | CaO | ||
| Lynn sand (see silver sand) | SiO2 | ||
| Magnesia (calcined) | MgO | C 40 | 430° C. |
| Magnesia (carbonate) | MgO·CO2 | ||
| Manganese, carbonate | MnCO3 | C 115 | |
| Manganese (metal) | Mn | E 55 | 1670° C. about |
| Manganese oxide (or black) | MnO2 | C 87 | |
| Nickel (metal) | Ni | E 58 | 1427°-1450° C. |
| Nickel oxide | NiO | C 75 | |
| Nitre | KNO3 | ||
| Pearl ash or potash | KOH | ||
| Plaster of Paris (calcined gypsum) | CaSO4·1⁄2H2O | C 145 | |
| Platinum | Pt | E 197 | 1710°-1775° C. |
| Potash, bichromate of | K2Cr2O7 | Fuses dull-red heat | |
| Potassium carbonate | K2CO3 | C 138 | |
| Potassium oxide | K2O | C 94 | |
| Quartz Quartz sand | SiO2 | C 60 | 1830° C. about |
| Rutile (see titanium) | |||
| Salt | NaCl | 776° C. | |
| Silica | SiO2 | C 60 | |
| Silver sand (or quartz sand) | SiO2 | ||
| Silver (metal) | Ag | E 107 | 945°-962° C. |
| Soda ash (calcined) | Na2CO3 | C 106 | |
| Soda crystals | Na2CO3·10 H2O | C 286 | |
| Sodium oxide | Na2O | C 62 | |
| Tincal (see borax) | |||
| Tin (metal) | Sn | E 119 | 233° C. |
| Tin oxide (white) | SnO2 | C 150 | |
| Titanium oxide (rutile) | TiO2 | Infusible | |
| Uranium (metal) | U | E 239 | 1800° C. about |
| Uranium, oxide of | U3O8 | ||
| Whitening (see lime carbonate) | |||
| Zinc (metal) | Zn | E 65 | 443° C. |
| Zinc oxide (white) | ZnO | C 81 |
| Centi- grade | |||||
| Commences to show colour | ╔ | .022 | 600° | ╗ | Soft enamel or over-glaze colours. |
| ║ | .021 | 650° | ║ | ||
| ╚ | .020 | 670° | ╝ | ||
| Dull red | ╔ | .019 | 690° | ╗ | Enamels on metals. Fluxes and lustres. |
| ║ | .018 | 710° | ║ | ||
| ║ | .017 | 730° | ║ | ||
| ╚ | .016 | 750° | ║ | ||
| Red to cherry | ╔ | .015 | 790° | ╝ | |
| ║ | .014 | 815° | ╗ | Very soft glazes and hard enamel colours. Some lustres. Gilding. | |
| ║ | .013 | 835° | ║ | ||
| ║ | .012 | 855° | ║ | ||
| ║ | .011 | 880° | ║ | ||
| ╚ | .010 | 900° | ╝ | ||
| Dull cherry to light cherry | ╔ | .09 | 920° | ||
| ║ | .08 | 940° | |||
| ║ | .07 | 960° | ╗ | Majolica glazes or coloured glazes and stanniferous or tin glazes. | |
| ║ | .06 | 980° | ║ | ||
| ║ | .05 | 1000° | ║ | ||
| ║ | .04 | 1020° | ║ | ||
| ║ | .03 | 1040° | ╝ | ||
| ╚ | .02 | 1060° | ╗ | Earthenware glazes. Soft China glazes. | |
| Dark orange to pale orange | ╔ | .01 | 1080° | ╝ | |
| ║ | 1 | 1100° | ╗ | Soft to hard or fine earthenware biscuit. | |
| ║ | 2 | 1120° | ║ | ||
| ║ | 3 | 1140° | ╝ | ||
| ║ | 4 | 1160° | |||
| ╚ | 5 | 1180° | Sèvres soft bisque. | ||
| Yellowish white | ╔ | 6 | 1200° | ╗ | Vitreous ware. Granite ware. Salt glaze. Stoneware. |
| ║ | 7 | 1230° | ║ | ||
| ║ | 8 | 1250° | ╝ | ||
| ╚ | 9 | 1280° | English bone porcelain or China biscuit. | ||
| White | ╔ | 10 | 1300° | ||
| ╚ | 11 | 1320° | |||
| Intense white | ╔ | 12 | 1350° | ╗ | German and Chinese porcelain. |
| ║ | 13 | 1380° | ╝ | ||
| ╚ | 14 | 1410° | Sèvres porcelain. | ||
| 15 | 1430° | ||||
| Bluish white | ╔ | 16 | 1460° | ||
| ╚ | 17 | 1480° | Copenhagen porcelain. |
Centigrade into Fahrenheit.—Divide by 5, multiply by 9, and add 32.
Fahrenheit into Centigrade.—Subtract 32, divide by 9, and multiply by 5.
| 1 grain | = | .0648 gramme. | ||
| 20 grains | = | 1 scruple | = | 1.296 grammes. |
| 3 scruples | = | 1 drachm | = | 3.888 grammes. |
| 8 drachms | = | 1 ounce | = | 31.103 grammes. |
| 1 grain | = | .0648 gramme. | ||
| 24 grains | = | 1 pennyweight | = | 1.555 grammes. |
| 20 pennyweights | = | 1 troy ounce | = | 31.1035 grammes. |
| 16 drams | = | 1 ounce. |
| 16 ounces | = | 1 pound. |
| 14 pounds | = | 1 stone. |
| 28 pounds | = | 1 quarter. |
| 112 pounds | = | 1 hundredweight (cwt.). |
| 20 hundredweight | = | 1 ton (2240 lbs.). |
| 1 gill | = | 1.42 decilitres. | ||
| 4 gills | = | 1 pint | = | .568 litre. |
| 2 pints | = | 1 quart | = | 1.136 litres. |
| 4 quarts | = | 1 gallon | = | 4.545 litres. |
| 2 gallons | = | 1 peck | = | 9.09 litres. |
| 4 pecks | = | 1 bushel. | ||
| 8 bushels | = | 1 quarter. |
| Sold By | ||
| Ball Mills. | Wengers, Ltd. Eng. (Hanley, Stoke on Trent.) | |
| Abbey Engineering Co. 220 Broadway, N. Y. City, U. S. A. | ||
| Biscuit Shapes. | Hirshberg Art Co. Baltimore, Md. | |
| Clays | China and Ball. | Mandle and Sant. East Liverpool, Ohio, U. S. A. |
| China and Modeling. | Stewart & Co. N. Y. City, U. S. A. | |
| Wengers. Hanley, Great Britain. | ||
| Modelling and Stoneware. | Western Stoneware Co. Monmouth, Ill., U. S. A. | |
| Saggar and Stoneware. | W. H. Cutter, Woodbridge, N. J., U. S. A. | |
| Cones. | Wengers, Ltd. Hanley, Eng. | |
| Drackenfeld & Co. Murray St., N. Y. City, U. S. A. | ||
| Professor Ed. Orton. Columbus, Ohio. | ||
| Glazes. | Wengers, Ltd. Hanley, Eng. | |
| Drackenfeld & Co. Murray St., N. Y. City, U. S. A. | ||
| Roessler, Haslacher Chemical Co. William St., N. Y. City, U. S. A. | ||
| Kilns. Gas. | Fletcher, Russell. Warrington, Eng. | |
| Kilns. Gas and Oil. | Bellevue Perfection. Detroit, Mich., U. S. A. | |
| Kilns. Oil. | Caulkins Revelation. Detroit, Mich., U. S. A. | |
| Kilns. Trial. | Wengers. Hanley, Eng. | |
| Lawns and Sieves. | Drackenfeld & Co. 50 Murray St., N. Y. City. | |
| A. Sartorious & Co. Murray St., N. Y. City. | ||
| Wengers. Hanley Staffs, Eng. | ||
| Plaster. | Wengers. Hanley, Eng. | |
| Drackenfeld & Co. N. Y. City. | ||
| Calvin Thompkins. Battery Pl., N. Y. City. | ||
| Quartz, Flint, Felspar. | Wengers, Ltd. Hanley, Eng. | |
| Drackenfeld & Co. Murray St., N. Y. City, U. S. A. | ||
| Golding & Sons. Trenton, N. J., U. S. A. | ||
| Scales. | Wengers. Hanley Staffs, Eng. | |
| Hy. Troemner. Philadelphia, Pa., U. S. A. | ||
| Stilts, etc. | Trenton Stilt & Spur Co. Trenton, N. J., U. S. A. | |
| Wengers. Hanley, Eng. | ||
| U. G. Colours, etc. | Wengers. Eng. | |
| Drackenfeld & Co. N. Y. City, U. S. A. | ||
| Wheels. | Crossley Mfg. Co. Trenton, N. J., U. S. A. | |
| T. S. Nickerson. Newburyport, Mass., U. S. A. |
Transcriber’s Note: Blank pages have been deleted. On pages that remain, some unnecessary page numbers may have been deleted when they fall in the middle of lists. Some illustrations may have been moved. When the author’s preference can be determined, we have rendered consistent on a per-word-pair basis the hyphenation or spacing of such pairs when repeated in the same grammatical context. The publisher’s inadvertent omissions of important punctuation have been corrected.
The following list indicates any additional changes. The page number represents that of the original publication and applies in this etext except for illustrations since they may have been moved.