THE END

PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, LIMITED, LONDON AND BECCLES.

Footnotes:

[1] Comptes Rendus, 1903, December 7.

[2] Nature, April 11, 1907.

[3] Astrophysical Journal, vol. 19 (1904), p. 39.

[4] Astrophysical Journal, vol. 21 (1905), p. 260.

[5] Knowledge, July, 1902, p. 132.

[6] Nature, April 30, 1903.

[7] Ibid., May 18, 1905.

[8] Ibid., May 18, 1905.

[9] Nature, June 29, 1871.

[10] Nature, October 15, 1903.

[11] The Life of the Universe (1909), vol. ii. p. 209.

[12] The World Machine, p. 234.

[13] Quoted in The Observatory, March 1908, p. 125.

[14] The Observatory, September, 1906.

[15] Nature, March 1, 1900.

[16] Cycle of Celestial Objects, p. 96.

[17] Ast. Nach. No. 3737.

[18] Observatory, September, 1906.

[19] Nature, November 29 and December 20, 1894.

[20] Bulletin, Ast. Soc. de France, July, 1898.

[21] Observatory, vol. 8 (1885), pp. 306-7.

[22] Nature, October 30, 1902.

[23] Charles Lane Poor, The Solar System, p. 170.

[24] Smyth, Celestial Cycle, p. 60.

[25] Denning, Telescopic Work for Starlight Evenings, p. 225.

[26] The Observatory, 1894, p. 395.

[27] Ast. Nach. 4333, quoted in Nature, July 1, 1909, p. 20.

[28] English Mechanic, July 23, 1909.

[29] Nature, December 22, 1892.

[30] Celestial Objects, vol. i. p. 52, footnote.

[31] Ibid., p. 54.

[32] Astronomy and Astrophysics, 1892, p. 618.

[33] Nature, August 7, 1879.

[34] The World of Space, p. 56.

[35] Nature, September 15, 1892.

[36] Observatory, 1880, p. 574.

[37] Knowledge, November 1, 1897, pp. 260, 261.

[38] Worlds in the Making, p. 61.

[39] Ibid., p. 48.

[40] Nature, June 1, 1876.

[41] Cel. Objects, vol. i. p. 66 (5th Edition).

[42] Celestial Objects, vol. i. p. 65 (5th Edition).

[43] Ast. Nach. No. 1863.

[44] Nature, June 1, 1876.

[45] Ibid., June 8, 1876.

[46] Nature, October 17, 1895.

[47] Ibid., July 27, 1905.

[48] Celestial Cycle, p. 107.

[49] Nature, October 6, 1887.

[50] Ast. Nach., No. 4106.

[51] Copernicus, vol. ii. p. 168.

[52] Cosmos, vol. iv. p. 476, footnote.

[53] Denning, Telescopic Work for Starlight Evenings, p. 153.

[54] Ibid., p. 154.

[55] Nature, July 13, 1876.

[56] P. M. Ryves in Knowledge, June 1, 1897, p. 144.

[57] Bulletin, Ast. Soc. de France, August, 1905.

[58] Nature, April 5, 1894.

[59] Nature, May 14, 1896. Some have attributed these “luminous clouds” to light reflected from the dust of the Krakatoa eruption (1883).

[60] The Observatory, 1877, p. 90.

[61] Popular Astronomy, vol. 11 (1903), p. 293.

[62] Popular Astronomy, vol. 13 (1905), p. 226.

[63] Nature, July 25, 1901 (from Flammarion).

[64] Popular Astronomy, vol. 11 (1903), p. 496.

[65] Kinetic Theories of Gravitation, Washington, 1877.

[66] The Observatory, June, 1894, p. 208.

[67] Nature, June 8, 1899.

[68] Astrophysical Journal, vol. 14 (1901), p. 238, footnote.

[69] Mars as the Abode of Life, p. 52.

[70] Second Book of the Maccabees v. 1-4 (Revised Edition).

[71] Humboldt’s Cosmos, vol. i. p. 169 (Otté’s translation).

[72] Quoted by Grant in History of Physical Astronomy, p. 71.

[73] Ibid., pp. 100, 101.

[74] Exposition du Système du Monde, quoted by Carl Snyder in The World Machine, p. 226.

[75] Worlds in the Making, p. 63.

[76] Cosmos, vol. i. p. 131.

[77] The Observatory, June, 1909, p. 261.

[78] Astronomical Essays, pp. 61, 62.

[79] Encyclopædia Britannica (Schiraz).

[80] Monthly Notices, R.A.S., February, 1905.

[81] Nature, March 3, 1870.

[82] Ibid., March 31, 1870, p. 557.

[83] Prof. W. H. Pickering found 12 times (see p. 1).

[84] Nature, January 30, 1908.

[85] Nature, September 5, 1901.

[86] Ibid., July 31, 1890.

[87] Nature, October 16, 1884.

[88] Nature, February 19, 1885.

[89] Nature, January 14, 1909, p. 323.

[90] Photographic Atlas of the Moon, Annals of Harvard Observatory, vol. li. pp. 14, 15.

[91] Nature, January 18, 1906.

[92] Humboldt’s Cosmos, vol. iv. p. 481.

[93] Ibid., p. 482.

[94] Monthly Notices, R.A.S., June, 1895.

[95] Humboldt’s Cosmos, vol. iv. p. 483 (Otté’s translation).

[96] Grant, History of Physical Astronomy, p. 229.

[97] Popular Astronomy, vol. xvii. No. 6, p. 387 (June-July, 1909).

[98] Nature, October 7, 1875.

[99] Mars as an Abode of Life (1908), p. 281.

[100] Knowledge, May 2, 1886.

[101] Nature, March 12, 1908.

[102] Bulletin, Ast. Soc. de France, April, 1899.

[103] Astronomy and Astrophysics (1894), p. 649.

[104] Nature, April 20, 1905.

[105] Astrophysical Journal, vol. 14 (1901), p. 258.

[106] Nature, August 22, 1907.

[107] Popular Astronomy, vol. 12 (1904), p. 679.

[108] Mars as an Abode of Life, p. 69.

[109] Ibid., p. 146.

[110] Worlds in the Making, p. 49.

[111] Worlds in the Making, p. 53.

[112] Denning, Telescopic Work for Starlight Evenings, p. 158.

[113] Ibid., p. 166.

[114] Nature, July 13, 1876.

[115] Nature, May 2, 1907.

[116] Nature, May 30, 1907.

[117] Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, August, 1908.

[118] Monthly Notices, R.A.S., 1902, p. 291.

[119] Monthly Notices, R.A.S., February, 1902, p. 291.

[120] Nature, May 24, 1894.

[121] Ibid., February 14, 1895.

[122] Ibid., September 14, 1905.

[123] Ibid., September 21, 1905.

[124] Ibid., September 28, 1905.

[125] Ibid., July 13, 1905.

[126] Nature, November 3, 1898.

[127] Ibid., July 14, 1881, p. 235.

[128] Quoted in The Observatory, February, 1896, p. 104, from Ast. Nach., No. 3319.

[129] Monthly Notices, R.A.S., February, 1909.

[130] Celestial Objects, vol. i. p. 163.

[131] Nature, December 29, 1898.

[132] Celestial Objects, vol. i. p. 166.

[133] Astrophysical Journal, vol. 14 (1901), pp. 248-9.

[134] Nature, August 27, 1908.

[135] Webb’s Celestial Objects, vol. i. p. 177.

[136] Ibid., vol. i. p. 187.

[137] Celestial Objects, vol. i. p. 186.

[138] Astronomy and Astrophysics, 1892, p. 87.

[139] Ibid., 1892, pp. 94-5.

[140] Observatory, December, 1891.

[141] Popular Astronomy, vol. 11 (1903), p. 574.

[142] Ibid., October, 1908.

[143] Bulletin, Ast. Soc. de France, August, 1907.

[144] Nature, August, 29 1907.

[145] Ibid., March 7, 1907.

[146] Bulletin, Ast. Soc. de France, June, 1904.

[147] The Observatory, October, 1903, p. 392.

[148] Astronomy and Astrophysics, 1894, p. 277.

[149] Nature, November 18, 1897.

[150] Journal, B.A.A., January, 1907.

[151] Journal, B.A.A., February, 1909, p. 161.

[152] Cosmos, vol. ii. p. 703.

[153] Ibid.

[154] Denning, Telescopic Work for Starlight Evenings, p. 349.

[155] Cosmos, vol. iii. p. 75.

[156] Journal, B.A.A., June, 1896.

[157] Celestial Objects, vol. i. p. 191.

[158] Nature, May 30, 1901.

[159] Bulletin, Ast. Soc. de France, August, 1900.

[160] Astronomy and Astrophysics, 1892.

[161] Astrophysical Journal, January, 1908, p. 35.

[162] Nature, May 22, 1902.

[163] Ibid., July 9, 1903.

[164] Ibid., July 16, 1903.

[165] Nature, September 24, 1903.

[166] Ibid., October 8, 1903.

[167] Astrophysical Journal, vol. 26 (1907), p. 60.

[168] Nature, January 30, 1908.

[169] Ibid., October 15, 1908.

[170] Ibid., October 29, 1908.

[171] Journal, B.A.A., March, 1908, and June 22, 1908.

[172] Nature, June 25, 1903.

[173] Bulletin, Ast. Soc. de France, June, 1904.

[174] Pop. Ast., vol. 12, pp. 408-9.

[175] Nature, August 29, 1889.

[176] Astrophysical Journal, vol. 26 (1907), p. 62.

[177] Bulletin, Ast. Soc. de France, January, 1904.

[178] Humboldt’s Cosmos, vol. iv. p. 532.

[179] Copernicus, vol. ii. p. 64.

[180] Knowledge, May, 1909.

[181] Journal, British Astronomical Association, January, 1909, p. 132.

[182] Ast. Nach., No. 4308.

[183] History of Physical Astronomy, p. 204.

[184] Smyth’s Celestial Cycle, pp. 210, 211.

[185] Poor, The Solar System, p. 274.

[186] Celestial Cycle, p. 246.

[187] Nature, October 2, 1879.

[188] Ibid., May 6, 1880.

[189] Ibid., February 19, 1880.

[190] Nature, September 30, 1897.

[191] Nature, August 5, 1875.

[192] Ibid., October 12, 1882, and Copernicus, vol. iii. p. 85.

[193] Nature, May 8, 1884.

[194] Ibid., June 16, 1887.

[195] Journal, B.A.A., December 13, 1901.

[196] Nature, September 20, 1900.

[197] Ast. Nach., No. 3868, and Nature, March 12, 1903.

[198] Nature, November 13, 1908.

[199] Nature, December 7, 1905.

[200] Celestial Cycle, p. 259.

[201] Celestial Cycle, p. 260.

[202] Journal, B.A.A., April, 1907.

[203] Monthly Notices, R.A.S., March, 1908.

[204] Celestial Cycle, p. 231.

[205] Journal, B.A.A., July, 1908.

[206] Popular Astronomy, October, 1908.

[207] Cape Obs., p. 401.

[208] Nature, July 2, 1908.

[209] Journal, B.A.A., January 20, 1909, pp. 123-4.

[210] Chambers’ Handbook of Astronomy, Catalogue of Comets.

[211] Seneca, quoted by Chambers, Handbook, vol. i. p. 554 (Fourth Edition).

[212] Ibid.

[213] Ibid.

[214] Ibid., p. 534.

[215] Ibid.

[216] Ma-tuoan-lin, quoted by Chambers, Handbook, p. 570.

[217] Astronomy and Astrophysics, 1893, p. 798.

[218] The Observatory, October, 1898.

[219] Grant’s History of Physical Astronomy, p. 293.

[220] Ibid., p. 294.

[221] Humboldt’s Cosmos, vol. i. pp. 89, 90 (Otté’s translation).

[222] Celestial Objects, vol. i. p. 211, footnote.

[223] Denning, Telescopic Work for Starlight Evenings, p. 248.

[224] Ibid., p. 248.

[225] Ibid., p. 250.

[226] Ibid., p. 231.

[227] Vol. iii. p. 106.

[228] Grant’s History of Physical Astronomy, p. 298.

[229] Ibid., p. 305.

[230] Humboldt’s Cosmos, vol. i. p. 95.

[231] Nature, April 30, 1908.

[232] Bulletin, Ast. Soc. de France, May, 1906.

[233] Nature, November 24, 1904.

[234] Ibid., September 10, 1896.

[235] Ibid., June 29, 1893.

[236] Journal, B.A.A., May 22, 1903.

[237] Nature, December 13, 1906, p. 159.

[238] Nature, September 13, 1906.

[239] Nature, October 12, 1905, p. 596.

[240] Knowledge, January 13, 1882.

[241] Ibid., January 20, 1882.

[242] Popular Astronomy, June-July, 1908, p. 345.

[243] The Observatory, March, 1896, p. 135.

[244] The Observatory, February, 1900, pp. 106-7.

[245] Knowledge, March, 1893, p. 51.

[246] Ibid., July 3, 1885, p. 11.

[247] Cosmos, vol. i. p. 108 (Otté’s translation).

[248] Ibid., vol. i. p. 124.

[249] Ibid., vol. i. p. 119, footnote.

[250] Copernicus, vol. i. p. 72.

[251] Ibid.

[252] Astrophysical Journal, June, 1909, pp. 378-9.

[253] Knowledge, July, 1909, p. 264.

[254] Quoted by Miss Irene E. T. Warner in Knowledge, July, 1909, p. 264.

[255] The Observatory, November, 1900.

[256] Or, “Before the phantom of false morning died” (4th edition); The Observatory, September, 1905, p. 356.

[257] The Observatory, July, 1896, p. 274.

[258] Journal, B.A.A., January 24, 1906.

[259] Ast. Soc. of the Pacific, December, 1908, p. 280.

[260] Nature, November 1, 1906.

[261] Ibid., November 22, 1906, p. 93.

[262] Nature, August 30, 1906.

[263] Cosmos, vol. i. p. 131, footnote.

[264] Nature, December 16, 1875.

[265] Ibid., July 23, 1891.

[266] Bulletin, Ast. Soc. de France, April, 1903.

[267] Bulletin, Ast. Soc. de France, April, 1903.

[268] The Observatory, May, 1896. The italics are Brenner’s.

[269] Cosmos, vol. iv. p. 563.

[270] For details of this enumeration, see Astronomical Essays, p. 222.

[271] Nature, June 11, 1908.

[272] Popular Astronomy, vol. 14 (1906), p. 510.

[273] Bedford Catalogue, p. 532.

[274] Popular Astronomy, vol. 15 (1907), p. 194.

[275] Popular Astronomy, vol. 15 (1907), p. 195.

[276] Bulletin, Ast. Soc. de France, February, 1903.

[277] Here χ is probably 17 Cygni, χ being the famous variable near it.

[278] Popular Astronomy, vol. 13 (1904), p. 509.

[279] Astrophysical Journal, December, 1895.

[280] The Observatory, July, 1895, p. 290.

[281] Celestial Cycle, p. 302.

[282] Nature, December 13, 1894.

[283] Histoire Celeste, p. 211.

[284] Nature, October, 1887.

[285] Ibid., August 29, 1889.

[286] Science Abstracts, February 25, 1908, pp. 82, 83.

[287] Bedford Catalogue, pp. 227-8.

[288] Knowledge, February 1, 1888.

[289] Celestial Cycle, p. 280.

[290] Popular Astronomy, February, 1904.

[291] Ibid., vol. 15 (1907), p. 444.

[292] Journal, B.A.A., June, 1899.

[293] Astrophysical Journal, vol. 8 (1898), p. 314.

[294] Astrophysical Journal, vol. 8, p. 213.

[295] Ibid., vol. 17, January to June, 1902.

[296] Astronomy and Astrophysics, 1894, pp. 569-70.

[297] The Study of Stellar Evolution (1908), p. 171.

[298] Astrophysical Journal, January, 1905.

[299] Journal, B.A.A., June, 1901.

[300] Ast. Soc. of the Pacific, December, 1908.

[301] The Observatory, November, 1902, p. 391.

[302] Cosmos, vol. iv. p. 567 (Otté’s translation).

[303] Journal, B.A.A., February, 1898.

[304] The Observatory, April, 1887.

[305] Evangeline, Part the Second, III.

[306] Legend of Robert, Duke of Normandy.

[307] Copernicus, vol. iii. p. 231.

[308] Ibid., p. 61.

[309] Cosmos, vol. i. p. 142.

[310] These apertures are computed from the formula, minimum visible = 9 + 5 log. aperture.

[311] Cosmos, vol. iii. p. 73.

[312] Darwin and Modern Science, p. 563.

[313] Journal, B.A.A., October, 1895.

[314] Burnham’s General Catalogue of Double Stars, p. 494.

[315] Journal, B.A.A., November 18, 1896.

[316] Ibid., B.A.A., January, 1907.

[317] Studies in Astronomy, p. 185.

[318] Knowledge, June, 1891.

[319] Seen by Drs. Ludendorff and Eberhard, The Observatory, April, 1906, p. 166, quoted from Ast. Nach., No. 4067.

[320] The Observatory, January, 1907, p. 61.

[321] Astronomy and Astrophysics, 1894.

[322] Smyth’s Celestial Cycle, p. 223.

[323] Nature, February 7, 1907.

[324] Ibid., March 19, 1908.

[325] Popular Astronomy, vol. 15 (1907), p. 9.

[326] Astrophysical Journal, June, 1907, p. 330.

[327] Ibid., vol. 22, p. 172.

[328] Nature, November 18, 1886.

[329] Astrophysical Journal, vol. 17 (1903), p. 282.

[330] Astrophysical Journal, vol. 12 (1900), p. 54.

[331] Nature, March 21, 1878.

[332] Bulletin, Ast. Soc. de France, June, 1904.

[333] Journal, B.A.A., vol. 17 (1903), p. 282.

[334] Nature, June 20, 1909.

[335] The Observatory, vol. 7 (1884), p. 17.

[336] The Observatory, vol. 14 (1891), p. 69.

[337] Astronomy and Astrophysics, 1896, p. 54

[338] Nature, August 28, 1902.

[339] Astrophysical Journal, October, 1903.

[340] Nature, May 30, 1907.

[341] Popular Astronomy, February, 1909, p. 125.

[342] The Observatory, May, 1907, p. 216.

[343] Astrophysical Journal, May, 1907.

[344] Histoire de l’Astronomie Moderne, vol. i. pp. 185-6.

[345] Humboldt’s Cosmos, vol. iii. p. 210 (Otté’s translation).

[346] Ibid., vol. iii. pp. 213-14.

[347] J. C. Duncan, Lick Observatory Bulletin, No. 151.

[348] Astrophysical Journal, vol. 17, p. 283.

[349] The Origin of the Stars, p. 143.

[350] Ibid., p. 135.

[351] Quoted by Ennis in The Origin of the Stars, p. 133.

[352] Astrophysical Journal, vol. 20 (1904), p. 357.

[353] Nature, March 8, 1906.

[354] Astronomical Society of the Pacific, August, 1908.

[355] Astronomy and Astrophysics, 1894, p. 812.

[356] The Observatory, May, 1905.

[357] This is a misquotation. See my Astronomical Essays, p. 135.

[358] Nature, February 3, 1870.

[359] Bedford Catalogue, p. 14.

[360] Ibid., p. 307.

[361] Astrophysical Journal, vol. 14, p. 37.

[362] Ibid., vol. 9, p. 149.

[363] Nature, July 20, 1899.

[364] Ast. Nach., No. 3476.

[365] Astronomische Nachrichten, No. 4213.

[366] Astrophysical Journal, vol. 9, p. 149.

[367] Cape Observations, p. 61.

[368] Ibid., p. 85.

[369] Cape Observations, p. 98.

[370] Transactions, Royal Dublin Society, vol. 2.

[371] Ast. Nach., 3628, quoted in The Observatory, April, 1900.

[372] Nature, April 8, 1909.

[373] Problems in Astrophysics, p. 477.

[374] Ibid., p. 499.

[375] Copernicus, vol. iii. p. 55.

[376] Lick Observatory Bulletin, No. 149.

[377] Ibid.

[378] Ibid.

[379] Monthly Notices, R.A.S., April, 1908, pp. 465-481.

[380] Lick Observatory Bulletin, No. 155 (February, 1909).

[381] Outlines of Astronomy, par. 870 (Edition of 1875).

[382] Georgics, i. II. 217-18.