Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Known only from the type locality.
Scalopus inflatus is known only from the type specimen, which is imperfect and lacks complete data according to Jackson (1914:21). The type locality is in Tamaulipas, 45 miles from Brownsville, Texas, but the exact direction from Brownsville is unknown; probably the locality was on the road between that town and San Fernando, Tamaulipas, which is south-southwest of Brownsville.
1902. Chilonycteris mexicana Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 54:401, September 12, type from San Blas, Nayarit.
Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Southern part of state in areas of tropical forest.
Most individuals of this species were taken in mist nets. Northwest of El Encino for example, bats were collected from a net placed in "a strategic position across a narrow opening" (Schaldach, fieldnotes) in a cave near the headwaters of the Río Sabinas; along the same river at Rancho Pano Ayuctle some were taken in a net stretched across a little creek (arroyo). In the cave near El Encino the collector (Schaldach) estimated the population of P. rubiginosus at between two and three hundred; at Ojo de Agua this bat was found in the deepest part of a cave in association with Myotis nigricans.
Two June-taken females from the Sierra de Tamaulipas were lactating, and weighed 17 and 18 grams.
The generic name Pteronotus is employed instead of Chilonycteris following Burt and Stirton (1961:24-25). The specific name rubiginosus is used in accordance with de la Torre (1955:696). Tamaulipan specimens are assigned to P. r. mexicana because they do not differ from specimens of that subspecies from Nayarit, except that the coloration of Tamaulipan specimens averages slightly darker in both color phases.
Specimens of this subspecies from the Sierra de Tamaulipas, previously recorded by Anderson (1956:349), are the northernmost reported in eastern México.
Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 31: Sierra de Tamaulipas, 2 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft., 1; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 3 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1400 ft., 3; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 25 mi. N El Mante, 3 mi. W Pan-American Highway, 300 ft., 3; Ojo de Agua, 20 mi. N El Mante, and 3 km. W Pan-American Highway, 300 ft., 2; 10 km. N, 8 km. W El Encino, 400 ft., 22.
Additional records (Goodwin, 1954:4): Aserradero del Paraiso; El Pachón.
1892. Chilonycteris davyi fulvus Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, 10:410, November, type from Las Peñas, Jalisco.
1912. Pteronotus davyi fulvus, Miller, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 79:33, December 31.
Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Known only from the two localities reported in this paper.
According to field-notes of Schaldach et al., individuals of P. d. fulvus appear when it is almost dark (about 6:30 p. m. in December and January), ordinarily fly about 25 feet above the ground, but occasionally are seen at heights of between 60 and 70 feet (near tops of the largest cypress trees). Most bats flew in a straight line for 10 to 20 yards, then zig-zagged, and repeated the same movements. All specimens examined are in the brown color phase.
Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 11: Rancho Santa Rosa, 25 km. N, 13 km. W Cd. Victoria, 260 m., 10; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 6 mi. N Gómez Farías, 300 ft., 1.
1844. Choeronycteris mexicana Tschudi, Untersuchungen über die fauna Peruana ..., p. 72, type from México.
Distribution in Tamaulipas.—East side of Sierra Madre in southwestern part of state.
Specimens from La Mula were obtained in a small cave, which was inhabited also by Desmodus rotundus and Tadarida brasiliensis. The specimens from Miquihuana were captured in a mine by a native. Those from four kilometers north of Joya Verde also were taken from a mine. Females obtained in August at La Mula were lactating.
Specimens examined are indistinguishable from C. mexicana from Oaxaca and Jalisco. Baker (1956:172) found no differences between Coahuilan and Tamaulipan specimens. Most Tamaulipan specimens are dark grayish, but some are brownish and some are intermediate between the two colors mentioned. Fourteen adults weighed an average of 16.0 (12-18) grams.
Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 19: 4 km. N Joya Verde, 4000 ft., 3; La Mula, 13 mi. N Jaumave, 4; Cueva La Mula, 10 km. W Joya Verde, 2400 ft., 2; Miquihuana, 6500 ft., 10.
1864. Mormops megalophylla Peters, Monatsb. preuss. Akad. Wiss., Berlin, p. 381, type from southern México.
Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Throughout state, except possibly west of the Sierra Madre Oriental.
Specimens from the Sierra de Tamaulipas were taken in mist nets in which Pteronotus rubiginosus, Lasiurus borealis, or Centurio senex also were captured. The specimen from Rancho Santa Rosa was shot as it flew at a height of six feet.
Tamaulipan specimens of Mormoops megalophylla are here assigned to M. m. megalophylla instead of to M. m. senicula following Villa and Jimenez (1961:503), who regarded senicula as indistinguishable from megalophylla.
Weight of four specimens from the Sierra de Tamaulipas averaged 16.2 (15-18) grams.
Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 5: Sierra de Tamaulipas, 3 mi. S, 16 mi. W Piedra, 1300 ft., 2; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 3 mi. S, 14 mi. W Piedra, 1400 ft., 1; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 3 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1400 ft., 1; Rancho Santa Rosa, 25 km. N, 13 km. W Cd. Victoria, 260 m., 1.
Additional records: Cueva de Los Troncones, 7.5 km. NNW, 3.5 km. S Cd. Victoria (Villa and Jimenez, 1961:503); Cueva de Quintero, 15 km. SSW Cd. Mante (ibid.); Tampico (Davis and Carter, 1962:67).
1898. Micronycteris megalotis mexicana Miller, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 50:329, August 2, type from Platanar, Jalisco.
Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Known only from Rancho Pano Ayuctle (Goodwin, 1954:4). The single specimen of this species presently known from Tamaulipas was shot while it was roosting in a ranch house.
1844. Monophyllus leachii Gray, in The zoology of the voyage of H. M. S. Sulphur ..., 1 (1, Mamm.): 18, April, type from Realego, Chinandega, Nicaragua.
1913. Glossophaga soricina leachii, Miller, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 46:419, December 31.
Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Tropical region of southern part of state.
Specimens from the Sierra de Tamaulipas were taken in a cave along with Desmodus rotundus and Tadarida laticaudata. Specimens from 20 miles north of El Mante were collected from a cave about 50 yards deep. Weights of two females from the Sierra de Tamaulipas were 9 and 12 grams. Tamaulipan specimens examined do not differ from specimens from Nicaragua that were used in comparison.
Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 6: Sierra de Tamaulipas, 3 mi. S, 16 mi. W Piedra, 1400 ft., 2; 10 km. N, 8 km. W El Encino, 400 ft., 1; Ojo de Agua, 20 mi. N El Mante, and 3 km. W Highway, 300 ft., 2; 8 km. NE Antiguo Morelos, 500 ft., 1.
Additional records: 5 mi. NE Antiguo Morelos, near El Pachón (de la Torre, 1954:114); Altamira (Miller, 1913:420).
1860. M. [= Ischnoglossa] nivalis Saussure, Revue et Mag. Zool., Paris, ser. 2, 12:492, November, type from near snow line of Mt. Orizaba, Veracruz.
1900. Leptonycteris nivalis, Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 13:126, April 6.
Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Probably throughout southern part of state, but presently known only from one locality.
The specimens herein reported were taken in a cave. They provide the first record of the species from Tamaulipas and are assigned to the subspecies nivalis on the basis of their brownish color and small size in comparison with specimens of L. n. longala from Coahuila (see also description and measurements of longala given by Stains, 1957:356). None of the specimens suggests intergradation in color between nivalis and longala, but some are slightly larger than specimens of the former from Veracruz.
Twelve females taken on August 27, 1961, were pregnant. Each carried a single embryo, the embryos averaging 15.7 (12-20) mm. in crown-rump length. The average weight of the 12 females was 26.9 (24.5-30.0) grams; 10 males weighed an average of 24.6 (21-28) grams.
Measurements.—Average and extremes of ten specimens (5 males and 5 females) are as follows: 78.2 (76-80); 0.0; 16.4 (15-17); 16.7 (16-19); length of forearm, 48.4 (45.2-54.3); length of third finger, 100.8 (99.2-103.7); greatest length of skull, 26.8 (25.9-27.6); zygomatic breadth (6 only), 10.9 (10.7-11.1); least interorbital constriction, 4.6 (4.5-4.9); mastoid breadth, 10.8 (10.5-11.2); length of maxillary tooth-row, 8.7 (8.4-9.0).
Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 28: all from 6.5 mi. N, 13 mi. W Jimenez, 1250 ft.
1917. Sturnira lilium parvidens Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 30:116, May 23, type from Papayo, about 25 mi. NW Acapulco, Guerrero.
Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Known presently only from Rancho Pano Ayuctle.
The two specimens from Tamaulipas were reported by de la Torre (1954:114) and in eastern México are the northernmost yet reported of the genus.
1821. Artibeus Jamaicensis Leach, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 13:75, type from Jamaica.
Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Tropical region of southern part of state.
The specimens from northwest of El Encino were shot deep (250 yards) in a cave; specimens of Myotis nigricans were obtained in the same cave. A female taken on May 24 carried a single embryo that was 43 mm. in crown-rump length. Six March-taken females reported by de la Torre (1954:114) had one embryo each that varied from 20 to 38 mm. in length.
Artibeus jamaicensis and A. lituratus are the largest bats known from Tamaulipas. In addition to the differences between the two species pointed out by Lukens and Davis (1957:9), I note, in Tamaulipas at least, that the postorbital constriction is narrower in relation to the condylobasal length in lituratus, 24.6 (23.7-26.0) per cent as compared to 27.9 (26.7-29.9) per cent in jamaicensis.
Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 19: 10 km. N, 8 km. W El Encino, 400 ft., 10; Aserradero del Paraiso, 19 km. N Chamal (by road), 8 (AMNH); Cueva El Pachón, 5 mi. N Antiguo Morelos, 1 (AMNH).
Additional records: Rancho Pano Ayuctle (de la Torre, 1954:114); 4 mi. N Antiguo Morelos, near El Pachón (ibid.).
1897. Artibeus palmarum J. A. Allen and Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 9:16, February 26, type from Botanical Gardens at Port of Spain, Trinidad.
1949. A[rtibeus]. l[ituratus]. palmarum, Hershkovitz, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 99:447, May 10.
Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Tropical region in southern part of state.
Two specimens from the Río Sabinas were taken in a mist net placed across the small, crevicelike entrance to a cave. Ten pregnant females taken in late May each contained a single embryo; average crown-rump length of the 10 embryos was 43 (35-55) mm.
Tamaulipan specimens of lituratus do not differ appreciably in color from topotypes except that the facial stripes are narrow and, in three individuals, poorly marked. Lukens and Davis (1957:9) reported that females from Guerrero were paler than the males, but the male examined in this study does not differ in color from the females seen.
Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 15: Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 6 mi. N Gómez Farías, 300 ft., 13; cave at headwaters of Río Sabinas, 10 km. N, 8 km. W El Encino, 400 ft., 2.
1860. Stenoderma toltecus Saussure, Revue et Mag. Zool., Paris, ser. 2, 12:427, October, type from México. Type locality restricted to Mirador, Veracruz, by Hershkovitz, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 99:449, May 10, 1949.
1908. Artibeus toltecus, Andersen, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, p. 296, April 7.
Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Probably lowlands of southern part of state; known presently only from Rancho Pano Ayuctle.
Artibeus toltecus is closely related to another species, A. aztecus, that occurs also in Tamaulipas. Externally, toltecus differs from aztecus in being smaller and darker; cranially, toltecus also is the smaller and the P2 and M2 are more angular lingually than in aztecus, in which the teeth are rounded. One of the most important differences between these two species is that they occur at different altitudes. Davis (1958:165) reported that toltecus occurred at elevations below 5000 feet at more southerly localities in México, whereas aztecus occurred above 5000 feet. In Tamaulipas the two species probably have parallel distributions from south to north but A. toltecus is known from Rancho Pano Ayuctle at an elevation of 300 feet in rain forest, whereas A. aztecus is known from Rancho del Cielo at an elevation of 3300 feet in cloud forest. The two localities are only four miles apart.
One of the specimens examined (GMS 10640) is smaller, cranially and externally (see beyond), than any recorded by Davis (1958:165).
Measurements.—Some external and cranial measurements of two females and a male (GMS 10668, 10646 and 10640) are, respectively, as follows: length of hind foot, 12.5, 12.0, 11.0; length of ear from notch, 15, 17, 15; length of forearm, 40.5, 40.0, 36.5; greatest length of skull, 20.9, 20.7, 19.7; zygomatic breadth, 12.3, 12.3, 11.7; least interorbital constriction, 5.2, 5.0, 5.0; length of maxillary tooth-row, 6.8, 6.8, 6.5; breadth of braincase, 9.3, 9.2, 9.1.
Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 3 from Río Sabinas, near Gómez Farías (Rancho Pano Ayuctle) (GMS).
1906. Artibeus aztecus Andersen, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, 18:422, December, type from Tetela del Volcán, Morelos.
Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Probably higher areas of southern part of state; known presently only from Rancho del Cielo.
I follow Davis (1958:165) in treating A. aztecus and A. toltecus as distinct species. Differences between the two are discussed in the preceding account of toltecus.
One specimen examined (AMNH 146980) is distinctly larger than the others here assigned to A. aztecus, but does not exceed the maximal measurements given by Davis (loc. cit.) for the species. This specimen also has a narrower M2, and relatively and actually narrower braincase than other specimens (see measurements).
Specimens from Rancho del Cielo were collected in a limestone cave in the cloud forest. A female taken on July 2 carried a small embryo and another obtained on August 14 had an embryo that appeared to be nearly ready for birth.
Measurements.—Respective external and cranial measurements of three males (AMNH, uncatalogued) and a female (AMNH 146980) are as follows: total length, 58, 65, 66, 73; length of hind foot, 13, 12, 12, 13; length of forearm, —, 43, 40, 41; greatest length of skull, 21.6, 22.4, 21.5, 23.0; zygomatic breadth, 13.0, 12.8, 13.0, 12.4; least interorbital constriction, 5.2, 5.7, 5.5, 6.0; length of maxillary tooth-row, 7.0, 7.1, 6.9, 7.1; breadth of braincase, 10.0, 9.8, 10.0, 9.5.
Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 7, all from Rancho del Cielo, 3300 ft., (AMNH).
1892. Artibeus hartii Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 6, 10:409, November, type from Trinidad, Lesser Antilles.
1908. Enchistenes hartii, Andersen, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 2:224, September 7.
Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Known only from Aserradero del Infernillo.
Enchistenes hartii is known from Tamaulipas only by the cranium reported by Goodwin (1954:5), and this is the northernmost known occurrence. The bat has not been reported from any other Mexican state bordering on the Gulf of Mexico.
1842. Centurio senex Gray, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 10, 10:259, December, type locality erroneously given as Amboyna, East Indies; subsequently restricted to Realejo, Chinandega, Nicaragua, by Goodwin (Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 87:327, December 31, 1946).
Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Tropical areas of southern part of state.
The single specimen examined, a female weighing 23 grams that carried an embryo (17 mm. crown-rump length), was taken on June 14 in a mist net stretched between oak trees in the Sierra de Tamaulipas. One other female and one cranium have been reported from Tamaulipas.
The specimen examined differs from two seen from southern México (5 mi. SW Teapa, Tabasco, and 2 mi. S Tollosa, Oaxaca) in being brownish instead of grayish, but resembles in color two specimens from Cozumel Island, Quintana Roo.
Measurements.—A female from the Sierra de Tamaulipas affords the following measurements: Total length, 67; length of hind foot, 13; length of ear from notch, 15; length of forearm, 43.1; condylobasal length, 15.0; zygomatic breadth, 5.1; palatal length, 4.1; least interorbital constriction, 5.3; length of maxillary tooth-row, 5.1.
Records of occurrence.—Specimen examined, one from the Sierra de Tamaulipas, 3 mi. S, 14 mi. W Piedra, 1300 ft.
Additional records: Rancho Pano Ayuctle (de la Torre, 1954:114); Aserradero del Infernillo (Goodwin, 1954:5).
1840. D[esmodus]. murinus Wagner, in Schreber, Die Säugthiere ..., Suppl., 1:337, type from México.
1912. Desmodus rotundus murinus, Osgood, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Publ. 155, Zool. Ser., 10:63, January.
Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Southern part of state, north at least to vicinity of Jiménez.
Hall and Kelson (1959:151) listed a place 12 kilometers west and 8 kilometers north of Ciudad Victoria as the northernmost locality of record for Desmodus, but three specimens from Cueva La Esperanza, 6 kilometers southwest of Rancho Santa Rosa, are from a site slightly to the northwestward (12 mi.) of the locality first mentioned and a specimen from 13 miles west and six and a half miles north of Jiménez represents the northeasternmost known occurrence of Desmodus in eastern México.
Most of the vampires examined in this study were taken in caves; those from four miles southwest of Padilla were obtained from a hollow tree. Nine specimens were collected in a small cave 70 kilometers south of Ciudad Victoria on January 18, when water on the floor of the cave was frozen; the bats were congregated on the ceiling at a height of 20 feet. In a cave in the Sierra de Tamaulipas, 16 miles west and three miles south of Piedra, females and young were found some 50 yards from the entrance; Natalus stramineus and Glossophaga soricina were obtained from the same cave. In another cave only half a kilometer distant, 12 males were collected. In Cueva La Mula, Desmodus was found near the mouth, whereas Choeronycteris mexicana and two Tadarida brasiliensis were collected in the deepest part. At Cueva La Esperanza, 300 feet deep and on the east side of the Sierra Madre Oriental, four different congregations of vampires were found along with about 400 Natalus. A male Desmodus obtained in a cave 13 miles west and six and a half miles north of Jiménez also was associated with Natalus.
Females with embryos or in lactation were collected as follows: Rancho Pano Ayuctle, March 10, one pregnant female (embryo 40 mm. in crown-rump length); Río Sabinas, May 23, two pregnant females (embryos 36 and 43 mm.); Sierra de Tamaulipas, June 13, five lactating females and one female taken alive that gave birth on June 16 to one young; Cueva La Mula, August, nine lactating females. A male from the Sierra Madre that was obtained on January 5 had testes 8 mm. long.
The average weight of 21 adults from four miles southwest of Padilla was 39.1 (32.0-44.5) grams.
Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 107: 3 mi. W, 6.5 mi. N Jiménez, 1250 ft., 1; Río Soto la Marina, 4 mi. SW Padilla, 800 ft., 23; Cueva La Esperanza, 6 km. SW Rancho Santa Rosa, 360 m., 3; Cueva Los Troncones, 8 km. N, 12 km. W Cd. Victoria, Sierra Madre Oriental, 2500 ft., 2; Cd. Victoria, 1; Sierra Madre Oriental, 1900 ft., 5 mi. S, 3 mi. W Cd. Victoria, 3; La Mula, 13 mi. N Jaumave, 19; Cueva La Mula, 10 km. W Joya Verde, 2400 ft., 16; Joya Verde, 35 km. SW [Cd.] Victoria, 3800 ft., 6; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 1400 ft., 3 mi. S, 16 mi. W Piedra, 10; 70 km. S Cd. Victoria (via Highway), 6 km. W of Highway, 5; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 6 mi. N Gómez Farías, 300 ft., 7; cave near headwaters Río Sabinas, 10 km. N, 8 km. W El Encino, 400 ft., 11.
Additional records (Malaga and Villa, 1957:539): Cueva La Sepultura, 7.5 km. NNW and hence 7 km. SSW (via highway) Cd. Victoria; El Ojo de Agua, at km. 10 on Valles-Tampico highway; Cueva del Abra, 2 km. SSW Cd. Mante.
1823. Diphylla ecaudata Spix, Simiarum et vespertilionum Brasiliensium ..., p. 68, type locality, Brazil, restricted to Rio San Francisco, Baía, by Cabrera (Rev. Mus. Argentino Cien. Nat., 4:94, March 27, 1958).
Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Southern and central parts of state.
The hairy-legged vampire was first reported from Tamaulipas by de la Torre (1954:114), who recorded a male from five miles northeast of Antiguo Morelos, near El Pachón. Later in the same year Martin and Martin (1954:585) listed another male from El Pachón. Subsequently, Malaga and Villa (1957:543) reported specimens from two additional localities in the state, one of which (Cueva de la Sepultura) provides the northernmost place from which the species has been recorded. Malaga and Villa remarked that the species was abundant at Cueva de la Sepultura, being found in small groups clinging to the roof of the cave. Two females taken there on November 11 carried one embryo each; a lactating female was taken on November 14. The vampire, Desmodus rotundus, also was taken at Cueva de la Sepultura.
I follow Burt and Stirton (1961:37) in treating Diphylla ecaudata as a monotypic species.
Records: Cueva de la Sepultura, 7.5 km. NNW and hence 7 km. SSW (via highway) Cd. Victoria (Malaga and Villa, 1957:543); 5 mi. NE Antiguo Morelos, near El Pachón (de la Torre, 1954:114); El Pachón (Martin and Martin, 1954:585); Cueva de Quintero, 4 km. SSW Quintero (Malaga and Villa, 1957:543).
1949. Natalus mexicanas saturatus Dalquest and Hall, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 62:153, August 23, type from 3 km. E San Andrés Tuxtla, 1000 ft., Veracruz.
1959. Natalus stramineus saturatus, Goodwin, Amer. Mus. Novit., 1977:7, December 22.
Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Central and southwestern parts of state.
All specimens examined were obtained from caves. At Cueva la Esperanza, approximately 400 individuals were found along with individuals of Desmodus rotundus; Natalus and Desmodus also were collected together in a cave approximately 30 yards deep three miles south and 14 miles west of Piedra, and in a cave six and a half miles north and 13 miles west of Jiménez, the northernmost locality from which N. stramineus is presently known.
Tamaulipan specimens do not differ significantly in external or cranial measurements in comparison with the specimens from Veracruz reported by Dalquest and Hall (1949:154), but do differ in color. Most are in the gray phase and are Avellaneus (grayish with yellowish hairs mixed) instead of Clay Color as are specimens from Veracruz; those few in the red phase are between Clay Color and Tawny-Olive instead of between Burnt Sienna and Chestnut. By consequence, bats from Tamaulipas resemble in color the smaller N. s. mexicanus of western México to a greater degree than they resemble N. s. saturatus, but I follow Goodwin (1959:7).
Dalquest and Hall (1949:154) reported the specimen from eight kilometers northeast of Antiguo Morelos as from San Luis Potosí, from which state the collector (Dalquest) evidently thought it had originated. Actually the place eight kilometers northeast of Antiguo Morelos is in Tamaulipas.
Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 64: 6.5 mi. N, 13 mi. W Jiménez, 1250 ft., 14; Cueva de la Esperanza, 6 km. SW Rancho Santa Rosa, 360 m., 20; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 3 mi. S, 16 mi. W Piedra, 1400 ft., 7; 3 mi. S, 14 mi. W Piedra, 2; Ejido Ojo de Agua, 20 mi. N, 3 km. W El Mante, 300 ft., 20; 8 km. NE Antiguo Morelos, 500 ft., 1.
Additional records (Goodwin, 1959:8): Antiguo Morelos; El Pachón.
1896. Vespertilio incautus J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 8:239, November 21, type from San Antonio, Bexar Co., Texas.
1928. Myotis velifer incautus, Miller and Allen, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 144:92, May 25.
Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Probably most of northern part of state; presently known only from three localities.
The two specimens examined from the Sierra de Tamaulipas were taken in a mist net in which Eptesicus fuscus, Myotis keenii, and Tadarida brasiliensis also were captured. Both are females, one of which was lactating (June 20). Specimens from San Fernando probably were taken in houses by natives, who brought the bats to the collectors (Clifton and Bodley). The maxillary tooth-row and tibia are shorter, breadth across M3 narrower, and ear slightly longer in Tamaulipan specimens than in those for which measurements were given by Miller and Allen (1928:95), but the Tamaulipan specimens do not differ otherwise. The color in general is slightly more brownish than in Texan incautus, but about as in Oklahoman specimens examined. Three from San Fernando, Tamaulipas, are darker than others from that state.
The average weight of 12 non-pregnant females from San Fernando was 11.0 (9.5-13) grams. The only male obtained at the same locality weighed 12 grams.
Measurements.—Six females from San Fernando afford the following measurements: 100.0 (95-107); 42.5 (38-46); 10.3 (10-11); 15.3 (14.5-16); length of tibia, 17.4 (16.5-18.9); length of forearm, 44.8 (43.4-45.7); greatest length of skull, 16.5 (16.1-16.9); condylobasal length, 15.6 (15.3-15.8); least interorbital constriction, 4.0 (3.9-4.1); mastoid breadth, 8.3 (8.1-8.6); length of maxillary tooth-row, 6.5 (6.3-6.7); breadth across M3, 6.5 (6.0-6.9).
Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 15: San Fernando, 180 ft., 13; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 10 mi. W, 2 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft., 2.
Additional record: Soto la Marina (Miller and Allen, 1928:93).
1955. Myotis evotis auriculus Baker and Stains, Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 9:83, December 10, type from 10 m. W, 2 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft., Sierra de Tamaulipas, Tamaulipas.
1960. Myotis keenii auriculus, Findley, Jour. Mamm., 41:18, February.
Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Known only from type locality (2 specimens), but probably widely distributed in western part of state.
The two specimens known from Tamaulipas were caught in a mist net stretched across a narrow, brush-bordered arroyo in the Sierra de Tamaulipas. I tentatively follow Findley (1960) in arranging auriculus as a subspecies of M. keenii.
Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, the holotype and one topotype.
1890. V[espertilio]. mexicanus Saussure, Revue et Mag. Zool., Paris, ser. 2, 12:282, July, type from an unknown locality, but Dalquest (Louisiana State Univ. Studies, Biol. Ser., 1:49, December 28, 1953) restricted the type locality to the "desert (warmer part) of the state of México, México."
1897. Myotis californicus mexicanus, Miller, N. Amer. Fauna, 13:73, October 16.
Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Western mountains of state in pine-oak forest.
Only ten specimens of this species, five from Nicolás, two from Miquihuana and the other three, each from a different locality, have been reported from Tamaulipas. The specimen examined from 14 miles north and six miles west of Palmillas, a young female that still has deciduous incisors, was obtained on July 24. Of the five specimens from Nicolás, which represent the largest series of M. californicus ever reported from eastern México, some were caught in mist nets and others were shot over a water-hole.
Measurements.—Five skins and four skulls from Nicolás afford the following measurements: 86.0 (80-94); 39.0 (36-41); 7.4 (7-8.5); 13.7 (13.5-14.0); length of forearm, 33.0 (31.8-34.2); weight, 3.6 (3-4) grams; greatest length of skull, 13.9 (13.8-14.1); least interorbital constriction, 3.2 (3.1-3.3); breadth of braincase, 6.5 (6.4-6.5); length of maxillary tooth-row, 5.2 (5.1-5.3); breadth across M3, 5.1 (5.0-5.3).
Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 6: Nicolás, 56 km. NW Tula, 5500 ft., 5; 14 mi. N, 6 mi. W Palmillas, 5500 ft., 1.
Additional records: San José (Dice, 1937:249); Miquihuana (Miller and Allen, 1928:160); La Joya de Salas (Goodwin, 1954:5).
1961. Myotis nigricans dalquesti Hall and Alvarez, Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 14:71, December 29, type from 3 km. E of San Andrés Tuxtla, 1000 ft., Veracruz.
Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Tropical part of state, presently known only from two localities.
For taxonomic remarks concerning this bat see Hall and Alvarez (1961:72).
Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 5, from 8 km. W, 10 km. N El Encino, 400 ft.
Additional record: Cave in canyon of Río Boquillas, 8 km. SW Chamal (Goodwin, 1954:6).
1832. V[espertilio]. subflavus F. Cuvier, Nouv. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 1:17, type locality restricted to 3 mi. SW Riceboro, Liberty Co., Georgia, by W. H. Davis, Jour. Mamm., 40:522, November 20, 1959.
1897. Pipistrellus subflavus, Miller, N. Amer. Fauna, 13:90, October 16.
Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Presently known only from three localities, but probably occurs in most of eastern part of state.
Specimens examined are intermediate in color and measurements between Pipistrellus subflavus subflavus and P. s. veraecrucis, but the color resembles that of individuals of subflavus from Kansas more than that of specimens of veraecrucis from Las Vigas, Veracruz.
The two males from eight kilometers west and 10 kilometers north of El Encino represent the southernmost record of the subspecies.
Measurements.—External measurements of two males (58849, 58848) from 8 km. west and 10 km. north of El Encino and a male (60296) from Rancho Pano Ayuctle are, respectively, as follows: 78, 81, 83; 36, 38, 36; 10, 10, 9; 11, 11, 11; length of forearm, 33.1, 32.0, —; length of tibia, 14.6, 13.4, 13.0. Some cranial measurements of the two specimens from northwest of El Encino are: greatest length of skull, 12.8, 12.9; breadth of braincase, 6.5, 6.5; length of maxillary tooth-row, 4.0, 4.1.
Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 3: 8 km. W, 10 km. N El Encino, 400 ft., 2; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 6 mi. N Gómez Farías, 300 ft., 1.
Additional record: Matamoros (H. Allen, 1894:128).
1951. Pipistrellus hesperus potosinus Dalquest, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 64:105, August 24, type from Presa de Guadalupe, San Luis Potosí.
Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Probably occurs throughout southwest part, but presently known only from Joya Verde.
The specimens reported herein were shot in July in a canyon that contained some standing water. According to the field notes of the collector (Schaldach), individuals of this bat in Tamaulipas flew later, in his experience, than bats of the same species in Sonora, Arizona and Coahuila, not emerging until it was almost fully dark.
Pipistrellus hesperus from Tamaulipas is identified as P. h. potosinus owing to the dark color, but the averages of some measurements differ slightly from those given by Dalquest (1951:106) for potosinus as follows: tail and ear shorter; foot larger; condylobasal length and cranial breadth less.
Measurements.—Average and extreme external and cranial measurements of five males from Joya Verde are: 73.2 (70-75); 27 (26-28); 7 (7); 12.4 (12-13); length of forearm, 31.0 (29.5-31.5); greatest length of skull, 12.4 (12.2-12.8); condylobasal length, 11.8 (11.4-12.3); breadth of braincase, 6.3 (6.0-6.5). Corresponding measurements of three females (60204, 60209, 60210) from the same locality are: 72, 78, 76; 27, 33, 35; 7, 7, 7; 12, 12, 12; 31, 31, 32; 12.3, 12.9, 13.5; 11.7, 12.2, —; 6.0, 6.6, 6.1.
Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 8, from Joya Verde, 35 km. SW Cd. Victoria, 3800 ft.
1866. S[cotophilus]. miradorensis H. Allen, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 18:287, type from Mirador, Veracruz.
1812. Eptesicus fuscus miradorensis, Miller, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 79:62, December 31.
Distribution in Tamaulipas.—Southern part of state, north at least to Miquihuana.
Specimens from Miquihuana, Palmillas, and Nicolás were shot in flight at dusk; those from the Sierra de Tamaulipas were collected in a mist net. Five females, all taken in June, were lactating.
Judging from Hall and Kelson's (1959:185) distribution map for the species, two subspecies, E. f. fuscus and E. f. miradorensis, possibly occur in Tamaulipas, the former in the north and the latter in the south. Comparison of specimens presently available from the state (all from the southern part) with typical individuals of the two subspecies mentioned reveal that they resemble miradorensis to a greater degree than fuscus and they accordingly are assigned to the former. In measurements, the Tamaulipan specimens agree closely with miradorensis; in color, some resemble miradorensis but others approach fuscus, possibly indicating intergradation between the two subspecies in the material at hand. Probably E. f. fuscus will be found in the northern part of the state.
Measurements.—Average and extreme measurements of nine females from the Sierra de Tamaulipas and three males, two from Miquihuana (55137, 55138) and one from Palmillas (55139), are respectively: 121.3 (111-127), 115, 107, 115; 51.9 (50-56), 50, 45, 52; 10.9 (9.5-11.0), 10, 10, 11; 17.8 (17-18), 18, 18, 18; length of forearm, 49.6 (48-52.6), 48.9, 49.1, 49.1; length of tibia, 18.8 (18.2-19.3), 20.5, 17.3, 18.0; condylobasal length, 18.9 (18.5-19.3), 19.3, —, 18.8; zygomatic breadth, 13.1 (12.7-13.5), —, 13.0, 13.3; interorbital constriction, 4.2 (3.7-4.4), 4.0, 4.3, 4.1; length of maxillary tooth-row, 7.3 (7.1-7.5), —, 7.2, 7.2. Five lactating females weighed 20 (17-23) grams, and three males 17.5 (17-8) grams.
Records of occurrence.—Specimens examined, 17: Miquihuana, 6200 ft., 2; 14 mi. N, 6 mi. W Palmillas, 5500 ft., 1; Nicolás, 56 km. NW Tula, 5500 ft., 1; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 2 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft., 12; Joya Verde, 35 km. SW [Cd.] Victoria, 3800 ft., 1.
Additional record: Aserradero del Paraiso (Goodwin, 1954:186).
Two subspecies of Lasiurus borealis have been reported from Tamaulipas. One, L. b. borealis, is known only from Matamoros, whereas the other, L. b. teliotis, is widely distributed in the central and southern parts.
A young animal from Ciudad Victoria was captured inside a house. All specimens taken in the Sierra de Tamaulipas were caught in mist nets, in which Centurio senex, Pteronotus parnelli, and Mormoops megalophyla also were taken.
1776. Vespertilio borealis Müller, Des Ritters Carl von Linné ... vollständiges Natursystem ..., Suppl., p. 20, type from New York.
1897. Lasiurus borealis, Miller, N. Amer. Fauna, 13:105, October 16.