1. U. inflàta, Walt. Swimming free; bladder-like petioles oblong, pointed at the ends and branched near the apex, bearing fine thread-like divisions; flowers 3–10 (large, yellow); the appressed spur half the length of the corolla; style distinct.—In still water, Maine to Tex., near the coast.

[*][*] Scapes naked (except some small scaly bracts), from immersed branching stems, which commonly swim free, bearing capillary dissected leaves with small bladders on their lobes; roots few and not affixed, or none. (Mostly perennial, propagated from year to year by tuber-like buds.)

[+] Cleistogamous flowers along the submersed copiously bladder-bearing stems.

2. U. clandestìna, Nutt. Leaves numerous on the slender immersed stems, several times forked, capillary; scapes slender (3–5´ high); lips of the yellow corolla nearly equal in length, the lower broader and 3-lobed, somewhat longer than the approximate thick and blunt spur.—Ponds, from N. Brunswick and N. Eng. to N. J., near the coast.

[+][+] No cleistogamous flowers.

[++] Pedicels recurved in fruit; corolla yellow.

3. U. vulgàris, L. (Greater Bladderwort.) Immersed stems (1–3° long) crowded with 2–3-pinnately many-parted capillary leaves, bearing many bladders; scapes 5–12-flowered (6–12´ long); corolla closed (6–9´´ broad), the sides reflexed; spur conical, rather shorter than the lower lip, thick and blunt in the European and the high northern plant; in the common American plant less thick and rather acute.—Common in ponds and slow streams, Newf. to Minn., south to Va. and Tex., and westward. (Eu., Asia.)

4. U. mìnor, L. (Smaller B.) Leaves scattered on the thread-like immersed stems, 2–4 times forked, short; scapes weak, 2–8-flowered (3–7´ high); upper lip of the gaping corolla not longer than the depressed palate; spur very short and blunt, or almost none.—Shallow water, E. Mass, to Minn., south to N. J. and Ark., and westward. (Eu.)

[++][++] Pedicels erect in fruit, few and slender; corolla yellow.

5. U. gíbba, L. Scape (1–3´ high) 1–2-flowered, at base furnished with very slender short branches, bearing sparingly dissected capillary root-like leaves and scattered bladders; corolla 3–4´´ broad, the lips broad and rounded, nearly equal; the lower with the sides reflexed, exceeding and approximate to the very thick and blunt conical gibbous spur.—Shallow water, Mass. to Mich., south to Va. and Ill.; Mt. Desert (F. M. Day).

6. U. biflòra, Lam. Scape (2–5´ high) 1–3-flowered, at the base bearing somewhat elongated submersed branches with capillary root-like leaves and numerous bladders; corolla 4–6´´ broad, the spur oblong, equalling the lower lip; seeds scale-shaped.—Ponds and shallow waters, S. Ill. and Iowa to Tex.; also S. Va. (?), and Barnstable, Mass. (W. Deane).

8. U. intermèdia, Hayne. Leaves crowded on the immersed stems, 2-ranked, 4–5 times forked, rigid, the divisions linear-awl-shaped, minutely bristle-toothed along the margins; the bladders borne on separate leafless branches; upper lip of corolla much longer than the palate; spur conical-subulate, acute, appressed to the very broad (6–8´´) lower lip and nearly as long as it.—Shallow pools, Newf. to N. J., west to Iowa, Minn., and northward. (Eu., Asia.)

[++][++][++] Pedicels erect in fruit, rather long; corolla violet-purple.

9. U. purpùrea, Walt. Leaves whorled along the long immersed free floating stems, petioled, decompound, capillary, bearing many bladders; flowers 2–4 (6´´ wide); spur appressed to the 3-lobed 2-saccate lower lip of the corolla and about half its length.—Ponds, Maine and N. Penn. to Fla., mainly near the coast; also Lake Co., Ind.

[*][*][*] Scape solitary, slender and naked, or with a few small scales, the base rooting in the mud or soil; leaves small, awl-shaped or grass-like, often raised out of the water, commonly few or fugacious; air-bladders few on the leaves or rootlets, or commonly none.

[+] Flower purple, solitary; leaves bearing a few delicate lobes.

10. U. resupinàta, B. D. Greene. Scape (2–8´ high) 2-bracted above; leaves thread-like, on delicate creeping branches; corolla (4–5´´ long) deeply 2-parted; spur oblong-conical, very obtuse, shorter than the dilated lower lip and remote from it, both ascending, the flower resting transversely on the summit of the scape.—Sandy margins of ponds, E. Maine to R. I., near the coast; also N. New York and Presque Isle, L. Erie.

[+][+] Flowers 2–10, (chiefly) yellow; leaves entire, rarely seen.

11. U. subulàta, L. Stem capillary (3–5´ high); pedicels capillary; lower lip of the corolla flat or with its margins recurved, equally 3-lobed, much larger than the ovate upper one; spur oblong, acute, straight, appressed to the lower lip, which it nearly equals in length.—Sandy swamps, and pine-barrens, Nantucket, Mass., to N. J., Fla., and Tex., near the coast.

Var. cleistógama, Gray. Only 1–2´ high, bearing 1 or 2 evidently cleistogamous purplish flowers, not larger than a pin's head; capsule becoming 1´´ long. (The unnamed Utricularia in the Man., p. 320).—With the ordinary form; Barnstable and Nantucket, Mass., pine-barrens of N. J., and southward.

12. U. cornùta, Michx. Stem strict (3´–1° high), 1–5-flowered; pedicels not longer than the calyx; corolla 1´ long, the lower lip large and helmet-shaped, its centre very convex and projecting, while the sides are strongly reflexed; upper lip obovate and much smaller; spur awl-shaped, turned downward and outward, about as long as the lower lip.—Peat-bogs, or sandy swamps, Newf. to Minn., south to Fla. and Tex.; common.

2. PINGUÍCULA, Tourn. Butterwort.

1. P. Vulgàris, L. Leaves ovate or elliptical; scape and calyx a little pubescent; lips of the violet corolla very unequal, the tube funnel-form; spur straightish.—Wet rocks, northern N. Eng. and N. Y. to Minn., and far northward. (Eu., Asia.)

Order 78. BIGNONIÀCEÆ. (Bignonia Family.)

Woody plants, monopetalous, didynamous or diandrous, with the ovary commonly 2-celled by the meeting of the two parietal placentæ or of a projection from them, many-ovuled; fruit a dry capsule, the large flat winged seeds with a flat embryo and no albumen, the broad and leaf-like cotyledons notched at both ends.—Calyx 2-lipped, 5-cleft, or entire. Corolla tubular or bell-shaped, 5-lobed, somewhat irregular or 2-lipped, deciduous; the lower lobe largest. Stamens inserted on the corolla; the fifth or posterior one, and sometimes the shorter pair also, sterile or rudimentary; anthers of 2 diverging cells. Ovary free, bearing a long style, with a 2-lipped stigma.—Leaves compound or simple, opposite, rarely alternate. Flowers large and showy.—Chiefly a tropical family.

1. Bignonia. Pod flattened parallel with the partition. Leaves compound, tendril-bearing.

2. Tecoma. Pod flattish contrary to the partition. Leaves compound, without tendrils.

3. Catalpa. Pod terete. Fertile stamens only 2. Trees; leaves simple.

1. BIGNÒNIA, Tourn.

Calyx truncate, or slightly 5-toothed. Corolla somewhat bell-shaped, 5-lobed and rather 2-lipped. Stamens 4, often showing a rudiment of the fifth. Capsule linear, 2-celled, flattened parallel with the valves and partition. Seeds transversely winged.—Woody climbers, with chiefly compound leaves, terminating in a tendril. (Named for the Abbé Bignon.)

1. B. capreolàta, L. (Cross-vine.) Smooth; leaves of 2 ovate or oblong leaflets and a branched tendril, often with a pair of accessory leaves in the axil resembling stipules; peduncles few and clustered, 1-flowered; corolla orange, 2´ long; pod 6´ long; seeds with the wing 1½´ long.—Rich soil, Va. to S. Ill and south to Fla. and La. April. Climbing tall trees; a transverse section of the wood showing a cross.

2. TÉCOMA, Juss. Trumpet-flower.

Calyx bell-shaped, 5-toothed. Corolla funnel-form, 5-lobed, a little irregular. Stamens 4. Capsule 2-celled, with the partition at right angles to the convex valves. Seeds transversely winged.—Woody, with compound leaves, climbing by aerial rootlets. (Abridged from the Mexican name.)

1. T. radìcans, Juss. (Trumpet Creeper.) Leaves pinnate; leaflets 9–11, ovate, pointed, toothed; flowers corymbed; stamens not protruded beyond the tubular-funnel-form orange and scarlet corolla (2½–3´ long); pod oblanceolate, 4–5´ long.—Moist soil, Penn. to Ill., south to Fla. and Tex. Common in cultivation farther north.

Calyx deeply 2-lipped. Corolla bell-shaped, swelling; the undulate 5-lobed spreading border irregular and 2-lipped. Fertile stamens 2, or sometimes 4; the 1 or 3 others sterile and rudimentary. Capsule very long and slender, nearly cylindrical, 2-celled, the partition at right angles to the valves. Seeds winged on each side, the wings cut into a fringe.—Trees, with ovate or cordate and mainly opposite leaves. (The aboriginal name.)

1. C. speciòsa, Warder. A large and tall tree, with thick bark; leaves ample, heart-shaped, long-acuminate; corolla 2´ long, nearly white, inconspicuously spotted, with obconical tube and slightly oblique limb, the lower lobe emarginate; capsule thick.—Low rich woodlands, S. Ind. to Tenn., Mo., and Ark. May.

C. bignonioìdes, Walt., of Ga., Ala. and Miss., very widely cultivated, and formerly including the above species, is a low much branched tree, with thin bark, smaller (1½´ long) thickly spotted corolla (with oblique limb and lower lobe entire), and a much thinner capsule.

Order 79. PEDALIÀCEÆ.

Herbs, with chiefly opposite simple leaves, and flowers as of the preceding Order, except in structure of ovary and fruit, the former being 1-celled, the latter fleshy-drupaceous, with wingless seeds and thick entire cotyledons.—Ovary (in ours) 1-celled, with 2 parietal intruded placentæ expanded into 2 broad lamellæ or united into a central columella.

1. MARTÝNIA, L. Unicorn-plant.

Calyx 5-cleft, mostly unequal. Corolla gibbous, bell-shaped, 5-lobed and somewhat 2-lipped. Fertile stamens 4, or only 2. Fruit fleshy, the flesh at length falling away in 2 valves; the inner part woody, terminated by a beak, which at length splits into 2 hooked horns, and opens at the apex between the horns, imperfectly 5-celled, owing to the divergence of the two plates of each placenta, leaving a space in the centre, while by reaching and cohering with the walls of the fruit they form 4 other cells. Seeds several, wingless, with a thick roughened coat.—Low branching annuals, clammy-pubescent, exhaling a heavy odor, stems thickish; leaves simple, rounded; flowers racemed, large. (Dedicated to Prof. John Martyn, of Cambridge, England.)

1 M. proboscídea, Glox. Leaves heart-shaped, oblique, entire or undulate, the upper alternate; corolla dull white or purplish, or spotted with yellow and purple; endocarp of the fruit crested on one side, long-beaked.—Banks of the Mississippi and its lower tributaries, from S. Ind., Ill., and Iowa, to northern Mexico. Also cultivated and naturalized farther north.

Order 80. ACANTHÀCEÆ. (Acanthus Family.)

[*] Corolla not obviously bilabiate, the 5 lobes broad and roundish, spreading; stamens 4.

1. Calophanes. Calyx-lobes long-filiform. Capsule 2–4-seeded.

2. Ruellia. Calyx-lobes mostly linear or lanceolate. Capsule 6–20-seeded.

[*][*] Corolla bilabiate, upper lip erect and concave, lower spreading; stamens 2.

3. Dianthera. Capsule obovate, flattened, 4-seeded.

1. CALÓPHANES, Don.

Calyx deeply 5-cleft or parted; its lobes elongated setaceous-acuminate or aristiform. Corolla funnel-form, with ample limb, convolute in the bud. Stamens 4, the anthers mucronate or sometimes aristate at base. Ovules a single pair in each cell. Capsule oblong-linear, 2–4-seeded.—Low branching perennials, pubescent or hirsute, with proportionally large axillary nearly sessile flowers (solitary or few), and blue corolla. (Name from καλός, beautiful, and φαίνω, to appear.)

1. C. oblongifòlia, Don. Stems visually erect and simple, ½–1° high; leaves from narrowly oblong to oval, very obtuse, sessile (1´ long or less); corolla blue, sometimes purple-dotted or mottled, seldom 1´ long; calyx-lobes nearly distinct, filiform-setaceous, hirsute.—Pine-barrens, S. Va. to Fla.

2. RUÉLLIA, Plumier.

Calyx 5-parted. Corolla funnel-form, with spreading ample border, convolute in the bud. Stamens 4, the cells of the somewhat arrow-shaped anthers parallel and nearly equal. Capsule narrow, in our species somewhat flattened, contracted and seedless at the base, above 8–12-seeded. Seeds with a mucilaginous coat, when wet exhibiting under the microscope innumerable tapering short bristles, their walls marked with rings or spirals.—Perennials, with rather large and showy blue or purple flowers, mostly in axillary clusters, sometimes also with small flowers precociously close-fertilized in the bud. Calyx often 2-bracteolate. (Named for the early herbalist, John Ruelle.)

1. R. ciliòsa, Pursh. Hirsute with soft whitish hairs (1–3° high); leaves nearly sessile, oval or ovate-oblong (1–2´ long); flowers 1–3 and almost sessile in the axils; tube of the corolla (1–1½´ long) fully twice the length of the setaceous calyx-lobes; the throat short.—Dry ground, Mich. to Minn., south to Fla. and La. June–Sept.—Var. ambígua, Gray. Sparingly hirsute-pubescent or glabrate; leaves ovate-oblong, usually short-petioled, larger; tube of corolla little exceeding the hardly hirsute calyx.—Va. and Ky. to Ala. Appearing like a hybrid with the next.

3. DIANTHÈRA, Gronov. Water-Willow.

Calyx 5-parted. Corolla deeply 2-lipped; the upper lip erect, notched; the lower spreading, 3-parted, external in the bud. Stamens 2; anthers 2-celled, the cells separated and somewhat unequal. Capsule obovate, flattened, contracted at base into a short stalk, 4-seeded.—Perennial herbs, growing in water or wet places, with entire leaves, and purplish flowers in axillary peduncled spikes or heads. (Name formed of δίς, double, and ἀνθηρά, anther; the separated cells giving the appearance of two anthers on each filament.)

1. D. Americàna, L. Stem 1–3° high; leaves linear-lanceolate, elongated; spikes oblong, dense, long-peduncled; corolla 4–5´´ long.—In water, N. W. Vt. to Wisc., south to S. C. and Tex. July–Sept.

Order 81. VERBENÀCEÆ. (Vervain Family.)

Herbs or shrubs, with opposite leaves, more or less 2-lipped or irregular corolla, and didynamous stamens, the 2–4-celled (in Phryma 1-celled) fruit dry or drupaceous, usually splitting when ripe into as many 1-seeded indehiscent nutlets; differing from the following order in the ovary not being 4-lobed, the style therefore terminal, and the plants seldom aromatic or furnishing a volatile oil.—Seeds with a straight embryo and little or no albumen.—A large order in the warmer parts of the world, sparingly represented in cool regions.

Tribe I. VERBENEÆ. Ovary 2–4-celled, with an erect anatropous ovule in each cell.

1. Verbena. Flowers in spikes or heads. Calyx tubular. Fruit splitting into 4 nutlets.

2. Lippia. Flowers in spikes or heads. Calyx short, 2-cleft. Fruit splitting into 2 nutlets.

3. Callicarpa. Flowers in axillary cymes. Calyx short. Fruit berry-like, with 4 nutlets.

Tribe II. PHRYMEÆ. Ovary 1-celled; ovule erect, orthotropous.

4. Phryma. Flowers in slender spikes. Calyx cylindrical, 2-lipped. Fruit an achene.

1. VERBÈNA, Tourn. Vervain.

Calyx tubular, 5-toothed, one of the teeth often shorter than the others. Corolla tubular, often curved, salver-form; the border somewhat unequally 5-cleft. Stamens included; the upper pair occasionally without anthers. Style slender; stigma mostly 2-lobed. Fruit splitting into 4 seed-like nutlets.—Flowers sessile, in single or often panicled spikes, bracted; produced all summer. (The Latin name for any sacred herb; derivation obscure.)—The species present numerous spontaneous hybrids.

§ 1. Anthers not appendaged; flowers small, in narrow spikes.

[*] Spikes filiform, with flowers or at least fruits scattered, naked, the inconspicuous bracts shorter than the calyx.

1. V. urticæfòlia, L. (White V.) Perennial, from minutely pubescent to almost glabrous, rather tall (3–5° high); leaves oval or oblong-ovate, acute, coarsely serrate, petioled; spikes at length much elongated, loosely panicled; flowers very small, white.—Waste or open grounds. (Trop. Am.)

[*][*] Spikes thicker or densely flowered; the fruits crowded, mostly overlapping each other; bracts inconspicuous, not exceeding the flowers; perennial.

2. V. angustifòlia, Michx. Low (6–18´ high), often simple; leaves narrowly lanceolate, tapering to the base, sessile, roughish, slightly toothed; spikes few or single; the purple flowers crowded, larger than in the next.—Dry or sandy ground, Mass. to Minn., south to Fla. and Ark.

3. V. hastàta, L. (Blue Vervain.) Tall (4–6° high); leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, taper-pointed, cut-serrate, petioled, the lower often lobed and sometimes halberd-shaped at base; spikes linear, erect, corymbed or panicled; flowers blue.—Waste grounds and roadsides; common.

4. V. strícta, Vent. (Hoary V.) Downy with soft whitish hairs, erect, simple or branched (1–2° high); leaves sessile, obovate or oblong, serrate; spikes thick, somewhat clustered, hairy; flowers rather large, purple.—Barrens and prairies, Ohio to Dak., south to Tex. and N. Mex.

[*][*][*] Spikes thick, sessile and leafy-bracted; annual.

5. V. bracteòsa, Michx. Widely spreading or procumbent, hairy; leaves wedge-lanceolate, cut-pinnatifid or 3-cleft, short-petioled; spikes single, remotely flowered; bracts large, the lower pinnatifid, longer than the small purple flowers.—Prairies and waste grounds, Ohio to Minn., south and westward.

§ 2. Anthers of the longer stamens glandular-tipped; flowers showy, from depressed-capitate becoming spicate.

6. V. bipinnatífida, Nutt. Hispid-hirsute, ½–1° high; leaves (1½–4´ long) bipinnately parted, or 3-parted into more or less bipinnatifid divisions, the lobes commonly linear or broader; bracts mostly surpassing the calyx; limb of bluish-purple or lilac corolla 4–5´´ broad.—Plains and prairies, Kan. to Ark. and Tex., and westward.

7. V. Aublètia, L. Slender, 1° high or less, soft-pubescent or glabrate; leaves (1–2´ long) ovate or ovate-oblong in outline, with a wedge-shaped base, incisely lobed and toothed, often more deeply 3-cleft; bracts shorter than or equalling the calyx; limb of reddish-purple or lilac (rarely white) corolla 6–8´´ broad.—Open woods and prairies, Ind. and Ill. to Fla., Ark., and N. Mex.

2. LÍPPIA, Houst.

Calyx short, often flattened, 2–4-toothed, or 2-lipped. Corolla 2-lipped; upper lip notched, the lower much larger, 3-lobed. Stamens included. Style slender; stigma obliquely capitate. Fruit 2-celled, 2-seeded. (Dedicated to Augustus Lippi, an Italian naturalist and traveller.)

2. L. cuneifòlia, Steud. Diffusely branched from a woody base, procumbent (not creeping), minutely canescent throughout; leaves rigid, cuneate-linear, incisely 2–6-toothed above the middle; peduncles axillary, mostly shorter than the leaves; bracts rigid, broadly cuneate, abruptly acuminate; corolla white (?).—Plains, W. Neb. to central Kan. and Arizona.

3. CALLICÁRPA, L.

Calyx 4–5-toothed, short. Corolla tubular-bell-shaped, 4–5-lobed, nearly regular. Stamens 4, nearly equal, exserted; anthers opening at the apex. Style slender, thickened upward. Fruit a small berry-like drupe, with 4 nutlets.—Shrubs, with scurfy pubescence, and small flowers in axillary cymes. (Name formed of κάλλος, beauty, and καρπός, fruit.)

1. C. Americàna, L. (French Mulberry.) Leaves ovate-oblong with a tapering base, acuminate, toothed, whitish beneath; cymes many-flowered; calyx obscurely 4-toothed; corolla bluish; fruit violet-color.—Rich soil, Va. to Tex., thence north to Mo. May–July.

4. PHRỲMA, L. Lopseed.

Calyx cylindrical, 2-lipped; the upper lip of 3 bristle-awl-shaped teeth; the lower shorter, 2-toothed. Corolla 2-lipped; upper lip notched; the lower much larger, 3-lobed. Stamens included. Style slender; stigma 2-lobed. Fruit dry, in the bottom of the calyx, oblong, 1-celled and 1-seeded. Seed orthotropous. Cotyledons convolute round their axis.—A perennial herb, with slender branching stems, and coarsely toothed ovate leaves, the lower long-petioled; the small opposite flowers in elongated and slender terminal spikes, strictly reflexed in fruit. Corolla purplish or rose-color. (Derivation of the name unknown.)

1. P. Leptostàchya, L. Plant 2–3° high; leaves 3–5´ long, thin; calyx strongly ribbed and closed in fruit, the long slender teeth hooked at the tip.—Moist and open woods, common. (E. Asia.)

Order 82. LABIÀTÆ. (Mint Family.)

Chiefly herbs, with square stems, opposite aromatic leaves, more or less 2-lipped corolla, didynamous or diandrous stamens, and a deeply 4-lobed ovary, which forms in fruit 4 little seed-like nutlets or achenes, surrounding the base of the single style in the bottom of the persistent calyx, each filled with a single erect seed.—Nutlets smooth or barely roughish and fixed by their base, except in the first tribe. Albumen mostly none. Embryo straight (except in Scutellaria); radicle at the base of the fruit. Upper lip of the corolla 2-lobed or sometimes entire; the lower 3-lobed. Stamens inserted on the tube of the corolla. Style 2-lobed at the apex. Flowers axillary, chiefly in cymose clusters, these often aggregated in terminal spikes or racemes. Foliage mostly dotted with small glands containing a volatile oil, upon which depends the warmth and aroma of the plants of this large and well-known family.

Tribe I. AJUGOIDEÆ. Stamens 4, ascending and parallel, mostly exserted from the upper side of the corolla. Calyx 5–10-nerved.

[*] Limb of corolla merely oblique, of 5 nearly equal and similar lobes.

1. Trichostema. Corolla lobes all declined. Calyx oblique. Stamens exserted.

2. Isanthus. Calyx bell shaped. Corolla small, the lobes spreading. Stamens included.

[*][*] Limb of corolla irregular, seemingly unilabiate, the upper lip being either split down or very short; stamens exserted from the cleft.

3. Teucrium. Corolla deeply cleft between the 2 small lobes of the upper lip.

4. Ajuga. Corolla with a very short and as if truncate upper lip.

II. Nutlets smooth or granulate; scar basal, small; ovary deeply 4-parted.

Tribe II. SATUREINEÆ. Upper pair of stamens shorter or wanting; anthers 2-celled. Upper lip of corolla not galeate or concave.

[*] Flowers in loose terminal panicled racemes; calyx 2-lipped, enlarged and declined in fruit.

5. Collinsonia. Lower lobe of corolla fimbriate, much the largest. Stamens 2.

6. Perilla. Corolla short, the lower lobe little larger. Stamens 4, included.

[*][*] Flowers in more or less crowded clusters or whorls, axillary or spicate.

[+] Corolla not evidently 2-lipped, but almost equally 4-lobed, small. Stamens erect, distant.

7. Mentha. Fertile stamens 4, nearly equal.

8. Lycopus. Fertile stamens 2, and often 2 sterile filaments without anthers.

[+][+] Corolla more or less 2-lipped.

[++] Stamens distant and straight, often divergent, never convergent nor curved.

[=] Stamens 2, with or without rudiments of the upper pair.

9. Cunila. Calyx very hairy in the throat, equally 5-toothed. Corolla small.

[=][=] Stamens 4, calyx 10–13-nerved, and hairy in the throat (except n. 10).

10. Hyssopus. Calyx tubular, 15-nerved, equally 5-toothed. Stamens exserted.

11. Pycnanthemum. Calyx ovate or short-tubular, equally 5-toothed or somewhat 2-lipped. Flowers in dense heads or clusters.

12. Origanum. Calyx ovate-bell-shaped, 5-toothed. Spikes with large colored bracts.

13. Thymus. Calyx ovate, nodding in fruit, 2-lipped. Bracts minute; leaves very small.

[++][++] Stamens (often 2 only in n. 16) ascending or arcuate, often more or less converging (or ascending parallel under the erect upper lip in n. 14 and 15).

14. Satureia. Calyx bell-shaped, 10-nerved, naked in the throat, equally 5-toothed.

15. Calamintha. Calyx tubular, often hairy in the throat, 13-nerved, 2-lipped. Tube of corolla straight.

16. Melissa. Calyx tubular-bell-shaped, flattish on the upper side. Corolla curved upward.

17. Hedeoma. Calyx gibbous on the lower side, hairy in the throat. Flowers loose.

Tribe III. MONARDEÆ. Stamens 2, ascending and parallel; anthers apparently or really 1-celled. Corolla strongly 2-lipped.

18. Salvia. Calyx 2-lipped. Anthers with a long connective astride the filament, bearing a linear cell at the upper end, and none or an imperfect cell on the lower.

19. Monarda. Calyx tubular and elongated, equally 5-toothed. Anthers of 2 cells confluent into one, the connective inconspicuous.

20. Blephilia. Calyx ovate-tubular, 2-lipped. Anthers as in the last.

Tribe IV. NEPETEÆ. Stamens 4, the upper (inner) pair longer than the lower, ascending or diverging. Corolla 2-lipped; the upper lip concave or arched, the lower spreading. Calyx mostly 15-nerved.

[*] Anthers not approximate in pairs; their cells parallel or nearly so.

21. Lophanthus. Stamens divergent, exserted; upper pair declined, lower ascending.

22. Cedronella. Stamens all ascending, not exceeding the lip of the corolla.

23. Nepeta. Calyx more or less curved, equally 5-toothed.

24. Dracocephalum. Calyx straight, the upper tooth much the larger.

Tribe V. SCUTELLARINEÆ. Stamens 4, ascending and parallel. Calyx bilabiate, closed in fruit; the rounded lips entire. Corolla bilabiate, the upper lip arched.

25. Scutellaria. Calyx with a helmet-like projection on the upper side.

Tribe VI. STACHYDEÆ. Stamens 4, parallel and ascending under the galeate or concave upper lip, the lower (outer) pair longer (except in n. 31, 32). Calyx 5–10-nerved, not 2-lipped (except in n. 26).

[*] Calyx reticulate-veiny, deeply bilabiate, closed in fruit.

26. Brunella. Calyx nerved and veiny; upper lip flat, 3-toothed, the lower 2-cleft.

[*][*] Calyx thin, inflated in fruit, obscurely nerved, 3–5-lobed, open.

27. Physostegia. Calyx 5-toothed or 5-lobed. Anther cells parallel.

28. Synandra. Calyx almost equally 4-lobed! Anther cells widely divergent.

[*][*][*] Calyx of firmer texture, distinctly 5–10-nerved or striate, 5–10-toothed.

[+] Stamens included in the short corolla-tube, its upper lip merely concave.

29. Marrubium. Calyx tubular, 5–10-nerved, and with 5 or 10 awl-shaped teeth.

[+][+] Stamens ascending under the galeate upper lip of the corolla.

[++] Stamens not deflexed after anthesis; naturalized from the Old World.

30. Ballota. Calyx somewhat funnel-form, expanding above into a spreading 5-toothed border. Nutlets roundish at top. Upper lip of the corolla erect.

31. Phlomis. Calyx tubular, the 5 teeth abruptly awned. Upper lip of the corolla arched.

32. Leonurus. Calyx top-shaped, the rigid spiny-pointed teeth soon spreading. Nutlets truncate and acutely 3-angled at top. Leaves cleft or incised.

33. Lamium. Calyx-teeth not spiny-pointed. Nutlets sharply 3-angled, truncate.

34. Galeopsis. Calyx tubular-bell-shaped; the 5 teeth spiny-pointed. Anthers transversely 2-valved, the smaller valve ciliate.

[++][++] Stamens often deflexed or contorted after anthesis.

35. Stachys. Calyx tubular-bell-shaped, equally 5-toothed or the 2 upper teeth united into one. Nutlets rounded at top.

1. TRICHOSTÈMA, L. Blue Curls.

Calyx bell-shaped, oblique, deeply 5-cleft; the 3 upper teeth elongated and partly united, the 2 lower very short. Corolla 5-lobed; the lobes narrowly oblong, declined, nearly equal in length; the 3 lower more or less united. Stamens 4, with very long capillary filaments, exserted much beyond the corolla, curved; anther-cells divergent and at length confluent.—Low annuals, somewhat clammy glandular and balsamic, branched, with entire leaves, and mostly solitary 1-flowered pedicels terminating the branches, becoming lateral by the production of axillary branchlets, and the flower appearing to be reversed, namely, the short teeth of the calyx upward, etc. Corolla blue, varying to pink, rarely white, small; in summer and autumn. (Name composed of θρίξ, hair and στῆμα, stamen, from the capillary filaments.)

1. T. dichótomum, L. (Bastard Pennyroyal.) Viscid with rather minute pubescence; leaves lance-oblong or rhombic-lanceolate, rarely lance-linear, short-petioled.—Sandy fields, E. Mass. to Ky., south to Fla. and Tex.

2. T. lineàre, Nutt. Puberulent, more slender and less forked; leaves linear, nearly smooth.—Conn. to La., near the coast; in sandy ground.

Calyx bell-shaped, 5-lobed, equal, enlarged in fruit. Corolla little longer than the calyx; the border bell-shaped, with 5 nearly equal and obovate spreading lobes. Stamens 4, slightly didynamous, incurved-ascending, scarcely exceeding the corolla.—A low, much branched annual, clammy-pubescent, with nearly entire lance-oblong 3-nerved leaves, and small pale blue flowers on axillary 1–3-flowered peduncles. (Name from ἴσος, equal, and ἄνθος, flower, referring to the almost regular corolla.)

1. I. cærùleus, Michx. Corolla 2–3´´ long, little exceeding the calyx.—Dry or sterile ground, Maine to Ill., Minn., and southward. July, August.

3. TEÙCRIUM, Tourn. Germander.

Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla with the 4 upper lobes nearly equal, oblong, turned forward, so that there seems to be no upper lip; the lower lobe much larger. Stamens 4, exserted from the deep cleft between the 2 upper lobes of the corolla; anther-cells confluent. (Named for Teucer, king of Troy.)

1. T. Canadénse, L. (American Germander. Wood Sage.) Perennial, downy, erect (1–3° high); leaves ovate-lanceolate, serrate, rounded at base, short-petioled, hoary underneath, the floral scarcely longer than the oblique unequally-toothed calyx; whorls about 6-flowered, crowded in a long and simple wand-like spike; calyx canescent, the 3 upper lobes very obtuse or the middle one acutish; corolla purple, rose, or sometimes cream-color (6´´ long).—Low grounds; not rare. July–Sept.

2. T. occidentàle, Gray. Loosely pubescent; calyx villous with viscid hairs, the upper lobes acute or middle one acuminate; corolla 4–5´´ long; other wise like the last.—A western form, from Neb. southwestward, and extending eastward (Ont., and near Philadelphia).

4. ÁJUGA, L.

Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla with very short and as if truncate upper lip; the large and spreading lower lip with the middle lobe emarginate or 2-cleft. Stamens as in Teucrium, but anther-cells less confluent. (From α- privative, and ζυγόν (Latin jugum), yoke, from the seeming absence of a yoke-fellow to the lower lip of the corolla.)

A. réptans, L. Perennial, about 1° high, with copious creeping stolons; leaves obovate or spatulate, sometimes sinuate, the cauline sessile, the floral approximate, subtending several sessile blue flowers.—Naturalized near Saco, Maine, Montreal, etc. (Eu., N. Asia.)

5. COLLINSÒNIA, L. Horse-Balm.

Calyx ovate, enlarged and declined in fruit, 2-lipped; upper lip truncate and flattened, 3-toothed, the lower 2-cleft. Corolla elongated, expanded at the throat, somewhat 2-lipped, the tube with a bearded ring within; the 4 upper lobes nearly equal, but the lower much larger and longer, pendent, toothed or lacerate-fringed. Stamens 2 (sometimes 4, the upper pair shorter), much exserted, diverging; anther-cells divergent.—Strong-scented perennials, with large ovate leaves, and yellowish flowers on slender pedicels, in loose and panicled terminal racemes. (Named in honor of Peter Collinson, a well-known patron of science and correspondent of Linnæus, who introduced it into England.)

6. PERÍLLA, L.

Calyx as in Collinsonia. Corolla-tube included, the limb 5-cleft; lower lobe a little larger. Stamens 4, included, erect, distant.—Coarse aromatic annual, with small flowers in panicled and axillary racemes. (A Greek and Latin proper name.)

P. ocymoìdes, L. Erect, branching, 2–3° high; leaves ovate, coarsely toothed; flowers white.—About dwellings and roadsides, S. Ill. (Schneck.) (Adv. from E. Asia.)

7. MÉNTHA, Tourn. Mint.

Calyx bell-shaped or tubular, 5-toothed, equal or nearly so. Corolla with a short included tube; the bell-shaped border somewhat equally 4-cleft; the upper lobe broadest, entire or notched. Stamens 4, equal, erect, distant.—Odorous perennial herbs; the small flowers mostly in close clusters, forming axillary capitate whorls, sometimes approximated in interrupted spikes, produced in summer, of two sorts as to the fertility of the stamens in most species. Corolla pale purple or whitish. Species mostly adventive or naturalized from Europe, with many hybrids. (Μίνθη of Theophrastus, from a Nymph of that name, fabled to have been changed into Mint by Proserpine.)

[*] Spikes narrow and leafless, densely crowded; leaves sessile or nearly so.

M. sylvéstris, L. (Horse Mint of Eu.) Finely pubescent or canescent; leaves ovate-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, acute, sharply serrate, often glabrous above; spikes rather slender, canescently pubescent.—Roadsides, etc., Penn.—Var. alopecuroìdes, Baker. Leaves larger, more nearly sessile, broadly oval and obtuse, often subcordate, coarsely serrate, more veiny, but not rugose; approaching the next.—Penn. and N. J.

M. rotundifòlia, L. Soft-hairy or downy; leaves broadly elliptical to round-ovate and somewhat heart-shaped, rugose, crenate-toothed; spikes slender, not canescent.—Atlantic States, at a few stations, Maine to Tex.

M. víridis, L. (Spearmint.) Nearly smooth; leaves oblong- or ovate-lanceolate, unequally serrate; bracts linear-lanceolate and subulate, conspicuous.—Wet places; in all cultivated districts.

[*][*] Flowers pedicellate, less crowded, in interrupted leafless spikes, or some in the upper axils; leaves petioled.

M. piperìta, L. (Peppermint.) Glabrous (somewhat hairy in var. SUBHIRSÙTA), very pungent-tasted; leaves ovate-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, acute, sharply serrate; spikes narrow, loose.—Along brooks, escaped everywhere.

M. aquática, L. (Water Mint.) Pubescent or smoothish; leaves ovate or round-ovate; flowers in a terminal globular or interrupted and oblong head, often with one or more clusters in the axils of the upper leaves; calyx and usually the pedicels hairy. The common form has the stems hairy downward.—Wet places, N. Eng. to Del.; rare.—Var. críspa, Benth., is a glabrous or glabrate form, with lacerate-dentate and crisped leaves.—Ditches, N. J., etc.

[*][*][*] Flowers in globular whorls or clusters, all in the axils of the leaves, the uppermost axils not flower-bearing; leaves more, or less petioled, toothed.

M. satìva, L. (Whorled Mint.) Stem hairy downward; leaves ovate, sharply serrate; calyx oblong-cylindrical with very slender teeth.—Waste damp places, Mass. to Penn.; not common. Passes into the next.

1. M. Canadénsis, L. (Wild Mint.) Leaves varying from ovate-oblong to lanceolate, tapering to both ends; calyx oblong-bell-shaped, the teeth rather short; hairs on the stem not conspicuously reflexed. The commoner form is more or less hairy, and has nearly the odor of Pennyroyal.—Wet places, through the northern U. States across the continent, and northward.

Var. glabràta, Benth. Leaves and stems almost glabrous, the former sometimes very short-petioled; scent sweeter, as of Monarda.—Similar range.

8. LÝCOPUS, Tourn. Water Horehound.

Calyx bell-shaped, 4–5-toothed, naked in the throat. Corolla bell-shaped, scarcely longer than the calyx, nearly equally 4-lobed. Stamens 2, distant; the upper pair either sterile rudiments or wanting. Nutlets with thickened margins.—Perennial low herbs, glabrous or puberulent, resembling Mints, with sharply toothed or pinnatifid leaves, the floral ones similar and much longer than the dense axillary whorls of small mostly white flowers; in summer. (Name compounded of λύκος, a wolf, and ποῦς, foot, from some fancied likeness in the leaves.)

[*] Stoloniferous, the long filiform runners often tuberiferous; leaves only serrate.

[+] Calyx-teeth usually 4, barely acutish, shorter than the mature nutlets.

1. L. Virgínicus, L. (Bugle-weed.) Stem obtusely 4-angled (6´–2° high); leaves oblong or ovate-lanceolate, toothed, entire toward the base, acuminate at both ends, short-petioled; calyx-teeth ovate.—Shady moist places, Lab. to Fla., Mo., and northwestward across the continent.

[+][+] Calyx-teeth usually 5, very acute, longer than the nutlets.

[++] Bracts minute; corolla twice as long as the calyx.

2. L. sessilifòlius, Gray. Stem rather acutely 4-angled; leaves closely sessile, ovate or lanceolate-oblong (1–2´ long), sparsely sharply serrate; calyx-teeth subulate, rigid. (L. Europæus, var. sessilifolius, Gray, Man.)—Pine barrens of N. J. to Cape Cod, Mass. (Deane).

3. L. rubéllus, Moench. Stem rather obtusely 4-angled; leaves petioled, ovate-oblong or oblong-lanceolate, sharply serrate in the middle, attenuate-acuminate at both ends (3´ long); calyx-teeth triangular-subulate, not rigid-pointed. (L. Europæus, var. integrifolius, Gray.)—Penn. to Minn., and southward.

[++][++] Outer bracts conspicuous; corolla hardly exceeding the calyx.

4. L. lùcidus, Turcz., var. Americànus, Gray. Stem strict, stout, 2–3° high; leaves lanceolate and oblong-lanceolate (2–4´ long), acute or acuminate, very sharply and coarsely serrate, sessile or nearly so; calyx-teeth attenuate-subulate.—Sask. and Minn. to Kan., thence west to Calif.

[*][*] Not stoloniferous; leaves incised or pinnatifid.

5. L. sinuàtus, Ell. Stem erect, 1–3° high, acutely 4-angled; leaves oblong or lanceolate (1½–2´ long), acuminate, irregularly incised or laciniate-pinnatifid, or some of the upper merely sinuate, tapering to a slender petiole; calyx-teeth short-cuspidate; sterile filaments slender, conspicuous, with globular or spatulate tips. (L. Europæus, var. sinuatus, Gray.)—Common.

Calyx ovate-tubular, equally 5-toothed, very hairy in the throat. Corolla 2-lipped; upper lip erect, flattish, mostly notched; the lower spreading, 3-cleft. Stamens 2, erect, exserted, distant; sterile filaments short, minute.—Perennials, with small white or purplish flowers, in corymbed cymes or clusters. (An ancient Latin name, of unknown origin.)

1. C. Mariàna, L. (Common Dittany.) Stems tufted, corymbosely much branched (1° high); leaves smooth, ovate, serrate, rounded or heart-shaped at base, nearly sessile, dotted (1´ long); cymes peduncled; calyx striate.—Dry hills, southern N. Y. to S. Ind., south to Ga. and Ark.

10. HYSSÒPUS, Tourn. Hyssop.

Calyx tubular, 15-nerved, equally 5-toothed, naked in the throat. Corolla short, 2-lipped; upper lip erect, flat, obscurely notched, the lower 3-cleft, with the middle lobe larger and 2-cleft. Stamens 4, exserted, diverging.—Perennial herb, with wand-like simple branches, lanceolate or linear entire leaves, and blue-purple flowers in small clusters, crowded in a spike. (The ancient name.)

H. officinàlis, L.—Roadsides, etc., sparingly escaped from gardens. (Adv. from Eu.)

11. PYCNÁNTHEMUM, Michx. Mountain Mint. Basil.

Calyx ovate-oblong or tubular, about 13-nerved, equally 5-toothed, or the three upper teeth more or less united, naked in the throat. Corolla short, more or less 2-lipped; the upper lip straight, nearly flat, entire or slightly notched; the lower 3-cleft, its lobes all ovate and obtuse. Stamens 4, distant, the lower pair rather longer; anther-cells parallel.—Perennial upright herbs, with a pungent mint-like flavor, corymbosely branched above, the floral leaves often whitened; the many-flowered whorls dense, crowded with bracts, and usually forming terminal heads or close cymes. Corolla whitish or purplish, the lips mostly dotted with purple. Fl. summer and early autumn.—Varies, like the Mints, with the stamens exserted or included in different flowers. (Name composed of πυκνός, dense, and ἄνθεμον, a blossom, from the dense inflorescence.)

[*] Bracts and equal calyx-teeth awn-tipped, rigid, naked, as long as the corolla; flowers in rather dense mostly terminal heads; leaves rigid, slightly petioled.

1. P. aristàtum, Michx. Minutely hoary-puberulent (1–2° high); leaves ovate-oblong and oblong-lanceolate, acute, sparingly denticulate-serrate (1–2´ long), roundish at the base.—Pine barrens, N. J. to Fla. and La.

Var. hyssopifòlium, Gray. Leaves narrowly oblong or broadly linear, nearly entire and obtuse.—Va. to Fla.

[*][*] Bracts and equal and similar calyx-teeth not awned.

[+] Leaves linear or lanceolate, nearly sessile, entire, very numerous; capitate glomerules small and numerous, densely cymose, imbricated with many short appressed rigid bracts.

2. P. lanceolàtum, Pursh. Smoothish or minutely pubescent (2° high); leaves lanceolate or lance-linear, obtuse at base; heads downy; bracts ovate or lanceolate; calyx-teeth short and triangular.—Dry thickets, Mass. to Dak., south to Ga. and Ark.

[+][+] Leaves lanceolate to ovate, sessile or nearly so, denticulate or entire; heads larger and fewer, with fewer and looser bracts.

4. P. mùticum, Pers. Minutely hoary throughout, or becoming almost smooth, corymbosely much branched (1–2½° high); leaves ovate or broadly ovate-lanceolate, varying to lanceolate, rather rigid, acute, rounded or slightly heart-shaped at base, mostly sessile and minutely sharp-toothed, prominently veined, green when old; the floral ones, short bracts, and triangular or ovate calyx-teeth, hoary with a fine close down; flower-clusters very dense.—Maine to S. Ill., south to Fla. and Ark.

Var. pilòsum, Gray. Hoary with loose pubescence; leaves thinner, oblong-lanceolate, mostly acute or acutish at base; bracts and especially the narrower (often somewhat unequal) calyx-teeth often villous-pubescent. (P. pilosum, Nutt.)—Ohio to Iowa, Kan., and Ark.

5. P. léptodon, Gray. Soft-pubescent, or glabrate below, loosely branched; leaves membranaceous, green (1½–2´ long), lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, subsessile; clusters larger and looser, canescent-hirsute; long-acuminate bracts and calyx-teeth slender-subulate, villous-hirsute.—S. Mo. to northwestern N. C.

[+][+][+] Leaves linear- or oblong-lanceolate, short-petioled, not at all hoary; flowers in mostly terminal dense capitate clusters; calyx hoary-pubescent.

6. P. Torrèyi, Benth. Puberulent; stem strict and nearly simple (2–3° high); leaves thin, linear-lanceolate, tapering to both ends (mostly 2´ long and 2–3´´ wide), nearly entire; heads small; awl-shaped calyx-teeth and mostly appressed bracts canescent.—Dry soil, southern N. Y. to Penn. and Del.

7. P. clinopodioìdes, Gray. Pubescent; leaves broadly or oblong-lanceolate, sharply denticulate (sometimes entire); heads fewer and larger; bracts loose.—Dry soil, southern N. Y. to E. Penn.

[*][*][*] Calyx bilabiate (3 upper teeth united), the teeth and the tips of the loose bracts not rigid; flowers in dense flattened glomerate cymes; leaves thin, mostly serrate, petioled, the uppermost more or less canescent.

8. P. Túllia, Benth. Leaves greener and loosely soft-downy, only the floral ones whitened, otherwise resembling those of the next; cymes dense; bracts much surpassing the flowers, their long awn-like points and the awn-pointed calyx-teeth bearded with long loose hairs.—S. Va. and N. C. to Tenn. and Ga.

9. P. incànum, Michx. Leaves ovate-oblong, acute, remotely toothed, downy above and mostly hoary with whitish wool underneath, the uppermost whitened both sides; cymes open; bracts linear-awl-shaped and, with the calyx-teeth, more or less awn-pointed.—N. Eng. to Ont. and Ind., south to Fla. and Tex.

[*][*][*][*] Calyx equally 5-toothed; heads few, large and globose (terminal and in the upper axils of the thin petioled leaves); bracts loose, ciliate-bearded.

10. P. montànum, Michx. Stem (1–3° high) and ovate- or oblong-lanceolate serrate leaves glabrous; bracts very acute or awl-pointed, the outermost ovate and leaf-like, the inner linear; teeth of the tubular calyx short and acute.—Alleghanies, from S. Va. and Tenn. to Ga. and Ala.

Calyx ovate-bell-shaped, hairy in the throat, striate, 5-toothed. Tube of the corolla about the length of the calyx, 2-lipped; the upper lip rather erect and slightly notched, the lower longer, of 3 nearly equal spreading lobes. Stamens 4, exserted, diverging.—Perennials, with nearly entire leaves, and purplish flowers crowded in cylindrical or oblong spikes, imbricated with colored bracts. (An ancient Greek name, composed of ὄρος, a mountain, and γάνος, delight.)

O. vulgàre, L. Upright, hairy, corymbose at the summit; leaves petioled, round-ovate; bracts ovate, obtuse, purplish.—Roadsides, Atlantic States. June–Oct. (Nat. from Eu.)

13. THỲMUS, Tourn. Thyme.

Calyx ovate, 2-lipped, 13-nerved, hairy in the throat; the upper lip 3-toothed, spreading; the lower 2-cleft, with the awl-shaped divisions ciliate. Corolla short, slightly 2-lipped; the upper lip straight and flattish, notched at the apex, the lower 3-cleft. Stamens 4, straight and distant, usually exserted.—Low perennials, with small and entire strongly-veined leaves, and purplish or whitish flowers. (The ancient Greek name of the Thyme, probably from θύω, to burn perfume, because it was used for incense.)

T. Serpýllum, L. (Creeping Thyme.) Prostrate; leaves green, flat, ovate, entire, short-petioled; flowers crowded at the ends of the branches.—Old fields, E. Mass. to Penn. (Adv. from Eu.)

14. SATURÈIA, Tourn. Savory.

Calyx bell shaped, 10-nerved, equally 5-toothed, naked in the throat. Corolla 2-lipped; the upper lip erect, flat, nearly entire, the lower 3-cleft. Stamens 4, somewhat ascending.—Aromatic plants, with narrow entire leaves, often clustered, and somewhat spiked purplish flowers. (The ancient Latin name.)

S. horténsis, L. (Summer Savory.) Pubescent annual; clusters few-flowered; bracts small or none.—Escaping from gardens and sparingly wild in Ohio to Ill., etc. (Adv. from Eu.)

15. CALAMÍNTHA, Tourn. Calamint.

Calyx tubular, 13-nerved, mostly hairy in the throat, 2-lipped; the upper lip 3-cleft, the lower 2-cleft. Corolla with a straight tube and an inflated throat, distinctly 2-lipped; the upper lip erect, flattish, entire or notched; the lower spreading, 3-parted, the middle lobe usually largest. Stamens 4, mostly ascending; the anthers usually approximate in pairs.—Perennials, with mostly purplish or whitish flowers, produced all summer; inflorescence various. (Name composed of καλός, beautiful, and μίνθα, Mint.)

§ 1. Flowers loose, without long-subulate bracts; calyx villous in the throat.

[*] Pubescent; peduncles short but mostly distinct; bracts minute.

C. Népeta, Link. (Basil-Thyme.) Soft-hairy; stem ascending (1–3° high); leaves petioled, broadly ovate, obtuse, crenate; corolla (3´´ long) twice the length of the calyx.—Dry waste grounds, Md. to Ark. (Nat. from Eu.)

[*][*] Glabrous or nearly so; common peduncles hardly any; pedicels 1–5, slender, the conspicuous bracts subulate-acuminate; on wet limestone river-banks.

1. C. glabélla, Benth. Smooth; stems diffuse or spreading (1–2° long); leaves slightly petioled, oblong or oblong-linear, narrowed at base (8´´–2´ long), sparingly toothed or nearly entire; clusters 3–5-flowered; corolla (purplish, 5–6´´ long) fully twice the length of the calyx.—S. Ind., Ky., and Tenn.

§ 2. Flowers in sessile dense many-flowered clusters, and involucrate with conspicuous setaceous-subulate rigid bracts; calyx nearly naked in the throat.

3. C. Clinopòdium, Benth. (Basil.) Hairy, erect (1–2° high); leaves ovate, petioled, nearly entire; flowers (pale purple) in globular clusters; hairy bracts as long as the calyx.—Borders of thickets and fields, naturalized extensively, but indigenous from the Great Lakes to the Rocky Mts. (Eu., Asia)

16. MELÍSSA, L. Balm.

Calyx with the upper lip flattened and 3-toothed, the lower 2-cleft. Corolla with a recurved-ascending tube. Stamens 4, curved and conniving under the upper lip. Otherwise nearly as Calamintha.—Clusters few-flowered, loose, one-sided, with few and mostly ovate bracts resembling the leaves. (Name from μέλισσα, a bee; the flowers yielding abundance of honey.)

M. officinàlis, L. (Common Balm.) Upright, branching, perennial, pubescent; leaves broadly ovate, crenate-toothed, lemon-scented; corolla nearly white.—Sparingly escaped from gardens. (Nat. from Eu.)

17. HEDEÒMA, Pers. Mock Pennyroyal.

Calyx ovoid or tubular, gibbous on the lower side near the base, 13-nerved, bearded in the throat, 2-lipped; upper lip 3-toothed, the lower 2-cleft. Corolla 2-lipped; upper lip erect, flat, notched at the apex, the lower spreading, 3-cleft. Fertile stamens 2; the upper pair reduced to sterile filaments or wanting.—Low, odorous annuals, with small leaves, and loose axillary clusters of flowers (in summer), often forming terminal leafy racemes. (Altered from ἡδυόσμον, an ancient name of Mint, from its sweet scent.)

[*] Sterile filaments manifest; leaves oblong-ovate, petioled, somewhat serrate.

1. H. pulegioìdes, Pers. (American Pennyroyal.) Erect, branching, hairy; whorls few-flowered; upper calyx-teeth triangular, the lower setaceous-subulate; corolla (bluish, pubescent) scarcely exserted (2–3´´ long); taste and odor nearly of the true Pennyroyal (Mentha Pulègium) of Europe.—Common from N. Eng. to Dak., and southward.

[*][*] Sterile filaments minute or obsolete; leaves narrow, entire, sessile or nearly so.

2. H. híspida, Pursh. Mostly low; leaves linear, crowded, almost glabrous, somewhat hispid-ciliate; bracts spreading or reflexed; upper flowers rather crowded; calyx-teeth all subulate, equalling the bluish corolla.—Plains, Minn. and Dak. to W. Ill. and La.

3. H. Drummóndi, Benth. Pubescent or puberulent, a span or two high; leaves oblong to linear; bracts mostly erect; calyx hirsute or hispid, its teeth at length connivent, the lower nearly twice as long as the upper.—Central Neb. and Kan. to Tex., and westward.

18. SÁLVIA, L. Sage.

[*] Both anther-cells polliniferous; leaves mostly lyrately lobed or pinnatifid.

1. S. lyràta, L. (Lyre-leaved Sage.) Low perennial (10–20´ high), somewhat hairy; stem nearly simple and naked; root-leaves lyre-shaped or sinuate-pinnatifid, sometimes almost entire; those of the stem mostly a single pair, smaller and narrower; the floral oblong-linear, not longer than the calyx; whorls loose and distant, forming an interrupted raceme; upper lip of the blue-purple pubescent corolla (nearly 1´ long) short, straight, not vaulted.—Woodlands and meadows, N. J. to Ill., south to Fla. and Tex.

[*][*] Lower anther-cell wanting; the sterile ends of the connectives mostly united.

[+] Calyx obscurely bilabiate; corolla 8–12´´ long, with prominently exserted tube.

2. S. azùrea, Lam., var. grandiflòra, Benth. Cinereous-puberulent, 1–5° high; lower leaves lanceolate or oblong, obtuse, denticulate or serrate, tapering to a short petiole; upper narrower, often linear, entire; inflorescence spike-like, tomentulose-sericeous; calyx-teeth short, the broad upper lip entire; corolla deep blue (varying to white).—E. Neb. to Miss., Tex., and Col.

[+][+] Calyx deeply bilabiate; corolla 4–6´´ long, the tube hardly at all exserted.

3. S. lanceolàta, Willd. Puberulent or nearly glabrous, 5–12´ high; leaves lanceolate or linear-oblong, irregularly serrate or nearly entire, tapering to a slender petiole; inflorescence virgate spiciform, interrupted; upper lip of calyx entire, lower 2-cleft; corolla blue, 4´´ long, little exserted; style glabrous or nearly so.—Plains, Iowa and Neb. to Tex. and Ariz.

4. S. urticifòlia, L. Villous-pubescent and somewhat viscid, or glabrate, 1–2° high; leaves coarsely serrate, ovate, with truncate or cuneate base decurrent into a winged petiole; inflorescence racemose-spicate, of numerous distant clusters; calyx-lips divergent, the upper 3-toothed, lower 2-cleft; corolla blue and white, 5–6´´ long, twice the length of the calyx; style strongly bearded.—Woodlands, Md. to Ky., south to Ga. and La.