Calyx very deeply 2-lipped. Sides of the standard reflexed; keel scythe-shaped, pointed. Sheath of the monadelphous stamens entire; anthers alternately oblong and roundish. Pod oblong, flattened, often knotty by constrictions between the seeds. Cotyledons thick and fleshy.—Herbs, with palmately 1–15-foliolate leaves, stipules adnate to base of the petiole, and showy flowers in terminal racemes or spikes. (Name from Lupus, a wolf, because these plants were thought to devour the fertility of the soil.)

1. L. perénnis, L. (Wild Lupine.) Perennial, somewhat hairy; stem erect (1–2°); leaflets 7–11, oblanceolate; flowers in a long raceme, showy, purplish-blue (rarely pale); pods broad, very hairy, 5–6-seeded.—Sandy soil, N. Eng. to Minn., Mo., and south to the Gulf.—Var. occidentàlis, Watson, has stems and petioles more villous.—Mich. and Wisc.

2. L. pusíllus, Pursh. Annual, low, villous; leaflets usually 5; racemes short, sessile; flowers purple or rose-color; pods oval, hirsute, 2-seeded.—Central Dak. and Kan., and westward.

9. TRIFÒLIUM, Tourn. Clover. Trefoil.

Calyx persistent, 5-cleft, the teeth bristle-form. Corolla mostly withering or persistent; the claws of all the petals, or of all except the oblong or ovate standard, more or less united below with the stamen-tube; keel short and obtuse. Tenth stamen more or less separate. Pods small and membranous, often included in the calyx, 1–6-seeded, indehiscent, or opening by one of the sutures.—Tufted or diffuse herbs. Leaves mostly palmately, sometimes pinnately 3-foliolate; leaflets usually toothed. Stipules united with the petiole. Flowers in heads or spikes. (Name from tres, three, and folium, a leaf.)

[*] Flowers sessile in dense heads; corolla purple or purplish, withering away after flowering, tubular below, the petals more or less coherent with each other.

[+] Calyx-teeth silky-plumose, longer than the whitish corolla; root annual.

T. arvénse, L. (Rabbit-foot or Stone Clover.) Silky, branching (5–10´ high); leaflets oblanceolate; heads becoming very soft-silky and grayish, oblong or cylindrical.—Old fields, etc. (Nat. from Eu.)

[+][+] Calyx scarcely hairy except a bearded ring in the throat, shorter than the rose-purple elongated-tubular corolla. (Short-lived perennials; flowers sweet-scented.)

T. praténse, L. (Red C.) Stems ascending, somewhat hairy; leaflets oval or obovate, often notched at the end and marked on the upper side with a pale spot; stipules broad, bristle-pointed; heads ovate, sessile.—Fields and meadows; largely cultivated. (Adv. from Eu.)

T. mèdium, L. (Zigzag C.) Stems zigzag, smoothish; leaflets oblong, entire, and spotless; heads mostly stalked; flowers deeper purple, otherwise too like the last.—Dry hills, N. Scotia to E. Mass. (Adv. from Eu.)

[*][*] Flowers pedicelled in umbel-like round heads on a naked peduncle, their short pedicels reflexed when old; corolla white or rose-color, withering-persistent and turning brownish in fading; the tubular portion short.

1. T. refléxum, L. (Buffalo C.) Annual or biennial; stems ascending, downy; leaflets obovate-oblong, finely toothed; stipules thin, ovate; standard rose-red, wings and keel whitish; calyx-teeth hairy; pods 3–5-seeded.—Western N. Y. and Ont. to Iowa, Kan., and southward.

3. T. rèpens, L. (White C.) Smooth, perennial; the slender stems spreading and creeping; leaflets inversely heart-shaped or merely notched, obscurely toothed; stipules scale-like, narrow; petioles and especially the peduncles very long; heads small and loose; calyx much shorter than the white corolla; pods about 4-seeded.—Fields and copses, everywhere. Indigenous only in the northern part of our range, if at all.

4. T. Caroliniànum, Michx. Somewhat pubescent small perennial, procumbent, in tufts; leaflets wedge-obovate and slightly notched; stipules ovate, foliaceous; heads small on slender peduncles; calyx-teeth lanceolate, nearly equalling the purplish corolla; standard pointed; pods 4-seeded.—Waste ground near Philadelphia, south to Va., Fla., and Tex.

T. hýbridum, L. (Alsike C.) Resembling T. repens, but the stems erect or ascending, not rooting at the nodes; flowers rose-tinted.—Becoming common. (Nat. from Eu.)

[*][*][*] Flowers short-pedicelled in close heads, reflexed when old; corolla yellow, persistent, turning dry and chestnut-brown with age, the standard becoming hood-shaped; annuals, fl. in summer.

T. agràrium, L. (Yellow or Hop-C.) Smoothish, somewhat upright (6–12´ high); leaflets obovate-oblong, all three from the same point (palmate) and nearly sessile; stipules narrow, cohering with the petiole for more than half its length.—Sandy fields and roadsides; N. Scotia to Va.; also in western N. Y. (Nat. from Eu.)

T. procúmbens, L. (Low Hop-C.) Stems spreading or ascending, pubescent (3–6´ high); leaflets wedge-obovate, notched at the end, the lateral at a small distance from the other (pinnately 3-foliolate); stipules ovate, short.—Sandy fields and roadsides, common.—Var. mìnus, Gray, has smaller heads, the standard not much striate with age. (Nat. from Eu.)

10. MELILÒTUS, Tourn. Melilot. Sweet Clover.

Flowers much as in Trifolium, but in spike-like racemes, small; corolla deciduous, free from the stamen-tube. Pod ovoid, coriaceous, wrinkled, longer than the calyx, scarcely dehiscent, 1–2-seeded.—Annual or biennial herbs, fragrant in drying, with pinnately 3-foliolate leaves, leaflets toothed. (Name from μέλι, honey, and λωτός, some leguminous plant.)

M. officinàlis, Willd. (Yellow Melilot.) Upright (2–4° high); leaflets obovate-oblong, obtuse; corolla yellow; the petals nearly of equal length.—Waste or cultivated grounds. (Adv. from Eu.)

M. álba, Lam. (White M.) Leaflets truncate; corolla white; the standard longer than the other petals.—In similar places. (Adv. from Eu.)

11. MEDICÀGO, Tourn. Medick.

Flowers nearly as in Melilotus. Pod 1–several-seeded, scythe-shaped, incurved, or variously coiled.—Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate; leaflets toothed; stipules often cut. (Μηδική, the name of Lucerne, because it came to the Greeks from Media.)

M. satìva, L. (Lucerne. Alfalfa.) Upright, smooth, perennial; leaflets obovate-oblong, toothed; flowers (purple) racemed; pods spirally twisted.—Cultivated for green fodder; spontaneous from Mass. to Minn. and Kan. (Adv. from Eu.)

M. maculàta, Willd. (Spotted Medick.) Spreading or procumbent annual, somewhat pubescent; leaflets obcordate, with a purple spot, minutely toothed; peduncles 3–5-flowered; flowers yellow; pods compactly spiral, of 2 or 3 turns, compressed, furrowed on the thick edge, and fringed with a double row of curved prickles.—N. Brunswick to Mass. (Adv. from Eu.)

M. denticulàta, Willd. Nearly glabrous; pods loosely spiral, deeply reticulated, and with a thin keeled edge; otherwise like the last, and with the same range. (Adv. from Eu.)

12. HOSÁCKIA, Douglas.

Calyx-teeth nearly equal. Petals free from the diadelphous stamens; standard ovate or roundish, its claw often remote from the others; wings obovate or oblong; keel incurved. Pod linear, compressed or somewhat terete, sessile, several-seeded.—Herbs, with pinnate leaves (in ours 1–3-foliolate, with gland-like stipules), and small yellow or reddish flowers in umbels (ours solitary) upon axillary leafy-bracteate peduncles. (Named for Dr. David Hosack, of New York.)

1. H. Purshiàna, Benth. Annual, more or less silky-villous or glabrous, often 1° high or more; leaves nearly sessile, the 1–3 leaflets ovate to lanceolate (3–9´´ long); peduncles often short, bracteate with a single leaflet.—N. C.; S. W. Minn. to Ark., and west to the Pacific. Very variable.

13. PSORÀLEA, L.

Calyx 5-cleft, persistent, the lower lobe longest. Stamens diadelphous or sometimes monadelphous. Pod seldom longer than the calyx, thick, often wrinkled, indehiscent, 1-seeded.—Perennial herbs, usually sprinkled all over or roughened (especially the calyx, pods, etc.) with glandular dots or points. Leaves mostly 3–5-foliolate. Flowers spiked or racemed, white or mostly blue-purplish. Root sometimes tuberous and farinaceous. (Name, ψωραλέος, scurfy, from the glands or dots.)

[*] Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate.

1. P. Onóbrychis, Nutt. Nearly smooth and free from glands, erect (3–5° high); leaflets lanceolate-ovate, taper-pointed (3´ long); stipules and bracts awl-shaped; racemes elongated; peduncle shorter than the leaves; pods roughened and wrinkled.—River-banks, Ohio to Ill. and Mo.; also south and east to S. C. July.

2. P. stipulàta, Torr. & Gray. Nearly smooth and glandless; stems diffuse; leaflets ovate-elliptical, reticulated; stipules ovate; flowers in heads on rather short peduncles; bracts broadly ovate, sharp-pointed.—Rocks, S. Ind. and Ky. June, July.

3. P. melilotoìdes, Michx. Somewhat pubescent, more or less glandular; stems erect (1–2° high), slender; leaflets lanceolate or narrowly oblong; spikes oblong, long-peduncled; stipules awl-shaped; bracts ovate or lanceolate, taper-pointed; pods strongly wrinkled transversely.—Dry soil, Fla. to Tenn., S. Ind. and Kan. June.

4. P. tenuiflòra, Pursh. Slender, erect, much branched and bushy (2–4° high), minutely hoary-pubescent when young; leaflets varying from linear to obovate-oblong (½–1½´ long), glandular-dotted; flowers (2–3´´ long) in loose racemes; lobes of the calyx and bracts ovate, acute; pod glandular. (P. floribunda, Nutt.)—Prairies, Minn. to Ill., Tex., and westward. June–Sept.

5. P. argophýlla, Pursh. Silvery silky-white all over, erect, divergently branched (1–3° high); leaflets elliptical-lanceolate; spikes interrupted; lobes of the calyx and bracts lanceolate.—High plains, N. Wisc. to Iowa, Kan., and westward. June.—Flowers 4–5´´ long.

6. P. digitàta, Nutt. More slender and less hoary, 1–2° high; leaflets linear-oblanceolate; bracts of the interrupted spike obcordate; calyx-lobes oblong, acute.—Central Kan. to Col. and Tex.

7. P. lanceolàta, Pursh. Glabrous or nearly so, yellowish green, densely punctate; leaflets 3, linear to oblanceolate; flowers small, in very short spikes; calyx 1´´ long, with short broad teeth.—Central Kan. to the Sask. and westward.

[*][*][*] Leaves palmately 5-foliolate; root tuberous; spike-like racemes dense.

8. P. esculénta, Pursh. Roughish hairy all over; stem stout (5–15´ high) and erect from a tuberous or turnip-shaped farinaceous root; leaflets obovate- or lanceolate-oblong; spikes oblong, long-peduncled; lobes of the calyx and bracts lanceolate, nearly equalling the corolla (½´ long).—High plains, Sask. to Wisc., Iowa, and Tex. June. The Pomme blanche, or Pomme de Prairie, of the voyageurs.

9. P. hypogæ̀a, Nutt. Tuber small; nearly acaulescent, hoary with appressed hairs; leaflets linear; spikes short-capitate, on peduncles ½–2´ long; calyx narrow, 3–6´´ long.—Central Kan. to Col. and Tex.

10. P. cuspidàta, Pursh. Stout, tall, from a deep-seated tuber, hoary with appressed hairs; leaflets usually broadly oblanceolate, obtuse; flowers large, the petals (6–8´´ long) exceeding the lanceolate-lobed calyx.—Central Kan. to Col. and Tex.

14. AMÓRPHA, L. False Indigo.

Calyx inversely conical, 5-toothed, persistent. Standard (the other petals entirely wanting!) wrapped around the stamens and style. Stamens 10, monadelphous at the very base, otherwise distinct. Pod oblong, longer than the calyx, 1–2-seeded, roughened, tardily dehiscent.—Shrubs, with odd-pinnate leaves; the leaflets marked with minute dots, usually stipellate, the midvein excurrent. Flowers violet or purple, crowded in clustered terminal spikes. (Name, ἄμορφος, deformed, from the absence of four of the petals.)

[*] Pods 1-seeded; leaflets small (½´ long or less), crowded.

1. A. canéscens, Nutt. (Lead-Plant.) Whitened with hoary down (1–3° high); leaflets 15–25 pairs, oblong-elliptical, becoming smoothish above; spikes usually clustered at the summit.—Sask. to Ind. and Tex., west to the Rocky Mts.; also eastward to Ga.

2. A. microphýlla, Pursh. Nearly glabrous throughout, 1° high or less; leaflets rather rigid; spikes usually solitary.—Sask. to Minn. and Iowa, west to the Rocky Mts.

3. A. fruticòsa, L. (False Indigo.) A tall shrub, rather pubescent or smoothish, leaflets 8–12 pairs, oblong to broadly elliptical.—River-banks, S. Penn. to Fla., west to Sask., Tex., and the Rocky Mts. Very variable.

15. DÀLEA, L.

Calyx 5-cleft or toothed. Corolla imperfectly papilionaceous; petals all on claws; the standard heart-shaped, inserted in the bottom of the calyx; the keel and wings borne on the middle of the monadelphous sheath of filaments, which is cleft down one side. Stamens 10, rarely 9. Pod membranaceous, 1-seeded, indehiscent, enclosed in the persistent calyx.—Mostly herbs, more or less glandular-dotted, with minute stipules; the small flowers in terminal spikes or heads. (Named for Samuel Dale, an English botanist.)

[*] Glabrous; flowers white or rose-color; leaflets 4–20 pairs; annuals.

1. D. alopecuroìdes, Willd. Erect (1–2° high); leaflets 10–20 pairs, linear-oblong; flowers light rose-color or whitish, in cylindrical spikes; bracts ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, deciduous; calyx very villous, with long slender teeth.—Alluvial soil, Minn. to Ill. and Ala., west to the Rocky Mts.

2. D. laxiflòra, Pursh. Erect (1–4° high), branching; leaflets 3–5 pairs, linear, 2–3´´ long; spikes loosely-flowered; bracts conspicuous, persistent, almost orbicular and very obtuse; petals white; calyx densely villous, the long teeth beautifully plumose.—Iowa and Mo. to Tex., west to Col.

[*][*] Pubescent; leaflets 3–4 pairs; perennial herbs.

3. D. aùrea, Nutt. Stems erect and simple, 1–3° high; leaflets oblong-obovate to linear-oblong, more or less silky-pubescent; spikes solitary, oblong-ovate, very compact and densely silky; bracts short, rhombic-ovate; petals yellow.—On the plains, Mo. to Tex., and westward.

4. D. lanàta, Spreng. Very pubescent throughout, 1–2° high, branching; leaflets obovate to oblong-obovate, 2–3´´ long; spikes slender, rather loose, the obovate acute bracts equalling the small short-toothed calyx; petals short, purple.—Central Kan. to Tex., and westward.

16. PETALOSTÈMON, Michx. Prairie Clover.

Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla indistinctly papilionaceous; petals all on thread-shaped claws, 4 of them nearly similar and spreading, borne on the top of the monadelphous and cleft sheath of filaments, alternate with the 5 anthers; the fifth (standard) inserted in the bottom of the calyx, heart-shaped or oblong. Pod membranaceous, enclosed in the calyx, indehiscent, 1–2 seeded.—Chiefly perennial herbs, upright, glandular-dotted, with crowded odd-pinnate leaves, minute stipules, and small flowers in very dense terminal and peduncled heads or spikes. (Name combined of the two Greek words for petal and stamen, alluding to the peculiar union of these organs in this genus.)

1. P. violàceus, Michx. Smoothish; leaflets 5, narrowly linear; heads globose-ovate, or oblong-cylindrical when old; bracts pointed, not longer than the silky-hoary calyx; corolla rose-purple.—Dry prairies, Minn. to Ind. and Tex., west to the Rocky Mts. July.

3. P. villòsus, Nutt. Soft-downy or silky all over; leaflets 13–17, linear or oblong, small (4–5´´ long); spikes cylindrical (1–5´ long), short-peduncled, soft-villous; corolla rose-color.—Wisc. to Mo., west to the Rocky Mts.

4. P. foliòsus, Gray. Smooth, very leafy; leaflets 15–29, linear-oblong; spikes cylindrical, short-peduncled; bracts slender-awned from a lanceolate base, exceeding the glabrous calyx; petals rose-color.—River-banks, Ill. and Tenn.

5. P. multiflòrus, Nutt. Glabrous throughout, erect, branching; leaflets 3–9, linear to oblong; spikes globose, the subulate setaceous bracts much shorter than the acutely toothed calyx, petals white.—Kan. to Tex.

17. TEPHRÒSIA, Pers. Hoary Pea.

Calyx about equally 5-cleft. Standard roundish, usually silky outside, turned back, scarcely longer than the coherent wings and keel. Stamens monadelphous or diadelphous. Pod linear, flat, several seeded, 2-valved.—Hoary perennial herbs, with odd-pinnate leaves, and white or purplish racemed flowers. Leaflets mucronate, veiny. (Name from τεφρός, ash-colored or hoary.)

1. T. Virginiàna, Pers. (Goat's Rue. Catgut.) Silky-villous with whitish hairs when young; stem erect and simple (1–2° high), leafy to the top; leaflets 17–29, linear-oblong; flowers large and numerous, clustered in a terminal oblong dense raceme or panicle, yellowish-white marked with purple.—Dry sandy soil. June, July.—Roots long and slender, very tough.

2. T. spicàta, Torr. & Gray. Villous with rusty hairs; stems branched below, straggling or ascending (2° long), few-leaved; leaflets 9–15, obovate or oblong-wedge-shaped, often notched; flowers few, in a loose and interrupted very long-peduncled spike, reddish.—Dry soil, from Del. and Va. to Fla. and Miss. July.

3. T. hispídula, Pers. Hairy with some long and rusty or only minute and appressed pubescence; stems slender (9–24´ long), divergently branched, straggling; leaflets 5–15, oblong, varying to obovate-wedge-shaped and oblanceolate; peduncles longer than the leaves, 2–4-flowered, flowers reddish-purple.—Dry sandy soil, Va. to Fla. and Ala.

18. INDIGÒFERA, L. Indigo.

Calyx small, equally 5-cleft. Standard roundish, silky outside, wings coherent; keel erect, gibbous or spurred at base. Stamens diadelphous; connective gland-like. Pod 1–several-seeded, septate within between the seeds.—Herbs or shrubs, mostly canescent with appressed hairs fixed by the middle, with odd-pinnate faintly-nerved leaves, and pink or purplish flowers in naked axillary spikes. (So named because some of the species yield the indigo of commerce.)

1. I. leptosépala, Nutt. A perennial herb, ½–2° high; leaflets 5–9, oblanceolate; spikes very loose; pods linear, 6–9 seeded, obtusely 4-angled, reflexed, 1´ long.—Kan. to Tex. and Fla.

Calyx short, 5-toothed, slightly 2-lipped. Standard large and rounded, turned back, scarcely longer than the wings and keel. Stamens diadelphous. Pod linear, flat, several-seeded, margined on the seed-bearing edge, at length 2-valved.—Trees or shrubs, often with prickly spines for stipules. Leaves odd-pinnate, the ovate or oblong leaflets stipellate. Flowers showy, in hanging axillary racemes. Base of the leaf-stalks covering the buds of the next year. (Named in honor of John Robin, herbalist to Henry IV. of France, and his son Vespasian Robin, who first cultivated the Locust-tree in Europe.)

1. R. Pseudacàcia, L. (Common Locust or False Acacia.) Branches naked; racemes slender, loose; flowers white, fragrant; pod smooth.—S. Penn. to Ind., Iowa, and southward. Commonly cultivated as an ornamental tree, and for its valuable timber; naturalized in many places. June.

2. R. viscòsa, Vent. (Clammy L.) Branchlets and leaf-stalks clammy; flowers crowded in oblong racemes, tinged with rose-color, nearly inodorous; pod glandular-hispid.—Va. to N. C. and Ga., in the mountains. Cultivated, like the last, and often escaped. June.

3. R. híspida, L. (Bristly L. or Rose Acacia.) Shrub 3–8° high; branchlets and stalks bristly; flowers large and deep rose-color, inodorous; pods glandular-hispid.—Varies with less bristly or nearly naked branchlets; also with smaller flowers, etc.—Mts. of Va. to N. C. and Ga. May, June.

20. WISTÀRIA, Nutt.

Calyx campanulate, somewhat 2-lipped; upper lip of 2 short teeth, the lower of 3 longer ones. Standard roundish, large, turned back, with 2 callosities at its base; keel scythe-shaped; wings doubly auricled at the base. Stamens diadelphous. Pods elongated, thickish, knobby, stipitate, many-seeded, at length 2-valved. Seeds large.—Woody twiners, climbing high, with minute stipules, pinnate leaves of 9–13 ovate-lanceolate leaflets, with or without minute stipels, and dense racemes of large and showy lilac-purple flowers. (Dedicated to the late Professor Wistar, of Philadelphia.)

1. W. frutéscens, Poir. Downy or smoothish when old; wings of the corolla with one short auricle and an awl-shaped one as long as the claw.—Alluvial grounds, Va. to Fla., west to S. Ind., Kan. and La. May.—Sometimes cultivated for ornament, as is the still handsomer Chinese species.

21. ASTRÁGALUS, Tourn. Milk-Vetch.

Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla usually long and narrow; standard narrow, equalling or exceeding the wings and blunt keel, its sides reflexed or spreading. Stamens diadelphous. Pod several–many-seeded, various, mostly turgid, one or both sutures usually projecting into the cell, either slightly or so as to divide the cavity lengthwise into two.—Chiefly herbs (ours perennials), with odd-pinnate leaves and spiked or racemed flowers. Mature pods are usually necessary for certain identification of the species. (The ancient Greek name of a leguminous plant, as also of the ankle-bone; but the connection between the two is past all guess.)

[*] Pod plum-shaped, succulent, becoming thick and fleshy, indehiscent, not stipitute, completely 2-celled.

1. A. caryocárpus, Ker. (Ground Plum.) Pale and minutely appressed-pubescent; leaflets narrowly oblong; flowers in a short spike-like raceme; corolla violet-purple; fruit glabrous, ovate-globular, more or less pointed, about {2/3}´ in diameter, very thick-walled, cellular or corky when dry.—Sask. and Minn. to Mo., Col., and Tex. May.

2. A. Mexicànus, A. DC. Smoother, or pubescent with looser hairs, larger; leaflets roundish, obovate, or oblong; flowers larger (10–12´´ long); calyx softly hairy; corolla cream-color, bluish only at the tip; fruit globular, very obtuse and pointless, 1´ or more in diameter; otherwise like the last.—Prairies and open plains, Ill. to Kan., south to Tex. The unripe fruits of both resemble green plums—whence the popular name—and are eaten, raw or cooked, by travellers.

3. A. Platténsis, Nutt. Loosely villous; stipules conspicuous; leaflets oblong, often glabrous above; flowers crowded in a short spike or oblong head, cream-color often tinged or tipped with purple; fruit ovate, pointed, and with the calyx villous.—Gravelly or sandy banks, Minn. to Ind. and Ala., west to Col. and Tex.—Var. Tennesseénsis, Gray, has the pod oblong and slightly curved, and much less fleshy. May.

[*][*] Pod dry, coriaceous, cartilaginous or membranous, dehiscent.

[+] Pod completely 2-celled, sessile.

4. A. mollíssimus, Torr. Stout, decumbent, densely silky-villous throughout and tomentose; leaflets 19–29, ovate-oblong; peduncles elongated; spikes dense, with rather large violet flowers (6–12´´ long); pod narrow-oblong (5–9´´ long), glabrous, somewhat obcompressed and sulcate at both sutures, at length incurved.—Neb. to Kan. and Tex., west to Col. The most common "loco"-plant, and said to be very poisonous to cattle.

5. A. Canadénsis, L. Tall and erect (1–4° high), somewhat pubescent or glabrate; leaflets 21–27, oblong; flowers greenish cream-color, very numerous, in long dense spikes, pods crowded, oblong (6´´ long), glabrous, terete, scarcely sulcate and only on the back, nearly straight.—River-banks, western N. Y. to N. Ga., and far westward.

6. A. adsúrgens, Pall. Ascending or decumbent (4–18´ high), cinereous with minute appressed pubescence or glabrate; leaflets about 21, narrowly or linear-oblong; spike dense, with medium-sized pale or purplish flowers; pubescence of calyx appressed; pod oblong (4–5´´ long), finely pubescent, triangular-compressed, with a deep dorsal furrow, straight.—Red River valley, Minn., to W. Kan., and westward. (Asia.)

7. A. hypoglóttis, L. Slender (6´–2° long), diffusely procumbent or ascending, with a rather loose pubescence or nearly glabrous; leaflets 15–21, oblong, obtuse or retuse; flowers violet, capitate; calyx loosely pubescent; pod as in the last, but ovate and silky-villous.—Red River valley, Minn., to central Kan. and westward.

[++] Pod stipitate, pendent.

8. A. alpìnus, L. Diffuse (6–12´ high), smooth or slightly hairy; leaflets 13–25; flowers violet-purple, or at least the keel tipped with violet or blue; calyx campanulate; pod narrowly oblong, short-acuminate, black-pubescent, triangular-turgid, deeply grooved on the back, straight or curved, its stipe usually rather exceeding the calyx.—Rocky banks, Lab. to Maine and N. Vt.

9. A. Robbínsii, Gray. Nearly smooth and erect (1° high), slender; leaflets 7–11; calyx more oblong; flowers white; pod oblong (6´´ long), obtuse or acutish, minutely darkish-pubescent, somewhat laterally compressed, not dorsally sulcate or obsoletely so, straight or somewhat incurved, rather abruptly narrowed at base into the often included stipe.—Rocky ledges, Vt.

10. A. racemòsus, Pursh. Stout (1–2° high), erect or ascending, appressed-pubescent or glabrate; leaflets 13–25; flowers numerous, white, pendent; calyx campanulate, gibbous, white-pubescent; pod straight, narrow, 1´ long, acute at both ends, triangular-compressed, deeply grooved on the back, the ventral edge acute.—Neb. to Mo., and westward.

[++][++] Pod sessile.

11. A. grácilis, Nutt. Subcinereous, slender (1° high or more); leaflets 11–17, linear, obtuse or retuse; racemes loose; flowers small (3´´ long); pods pendent, 2–3´´ long, coriaceous, elliptic-ovate, concave on the back, the ventral suture prominent, white-hairy, at length glabrous, transversely veined.—Minn. to Neb. and Mo., and westward.

12. A. distórtus, Torr. & Gray. Low, diffuse, many-stemmed, subglabrous; leaflets 17–25, oblong, emarginate; flowers in a short spike, pale-purple; pod ovate- or lance-oblong, curved, 6–9´´ long, glabrous, thick-coriaceous, somewhat grooved on the back, the ventral suture nearly flat.—Ill. to Iowa, Mo., Ark. and Tex.

13. A. lotiflòrus, Hook. Hoary or cinereous with appressed hairs; stems very short; leaflets 7–13, lance-oblong; flowers yellowish, in few-flowered heads, with peduncles exceeding the leaves or very short; calyx campanulate, the subulate teeth exceeding the tube; pod oblong-ovate, 9–12´´ long, acuminate, acute at base, canescent, the back more or less impressed, the acute ventral suture nearly straight.—Sask. to Neb. and Tex., west to the mountains.

14. A. Missouriénsis, Nutt. Short-caulescent, hoary with a closely appressed silky pubescence; leaflets 5–15, oblong, elliptic or obovate; flowers few, capitate or spicate, 5–8´´ long, violet; calyx oblong, the teeth very slender; pod oblong (1´ long), acute, obtuse at base, pubescent, nearly straight, obcompressed or obcompressed-triangular, depressed on the back and the ventral suture more or less prominent, transversely rugulose.—Sask. to Neb. and N. Mex.

II. Pod 1-celled, neither suture being inflexed or the ventral more intruded than the dorsal.—Phaca.

15. A. Coòperi, Gray. Nearly smooth, erect (1–2° high); leaflets 11–21, elliptical or oblong, somewhat retuse, minutely hoary beneath; flowers white, rather numerous in a short spike; calyx dark-pubescent; pod coriaceous, inflated, ovate-globose (6–9´´ long), acute, glabrous, slightly sulcate on both sides, cavity webby.—Ont. and western N. Y. to Minn. and Iowa.

22. OXÝTROPIS, DC.

Keel tipped with a sharp projecting point or appendage; otherwise as in Astragalus. Pod often more or less 2-celled by the intrusion of the ventral suture.—Our species are low, nearly acaulescent perennials, with tufts of numerous very short stems from a hard and thick root or rootstock, covered with scaly adnate stipules; pinnate leaves of many leaflets; peduncles scape-like, bearing a head or short spike of flowers. (Name from ὀξύς, sharp, and τρόπις, keel.)

[*] Leaves simply pinnate.

1. O. campéstris, DC., var. cærùlea, Koch. Pubescent or smoothish; leaflets lanceolate or oblong; flowers violet or blue, sometimes pure white; pods ovate or oblong-lanceolate, of a thin or papery texture.—N. Maine to Labrador.

2. O. Lambérti, Pursh. Silky with fine appressed hairs; leaflets mostly linear; flowers larger, purple, violet, or sometimes white; pods cartilaginous or firm-coriaceous in texture, silky-pubescent, strictly erect, cylindraceous-lanceolate and long-pointed, almost 2-celled by intrusion of the ventral suture.—Dry plains, Sask. and Minn. to Mo. and Tex., west to the mountains.

[*][*] Leaflets numerous, mostly in fascicles of 3 or 4 or more along the rhachis.

3. O. spléndens, Dougl. Silvery silky-villous (6–12´ high); scape spicately several to many-flowered; flowers erect-spreading; pod ovate, erect, 2-celled, hardly surpassing the very villous calyx.—Plains of Sask. and W. Minn., to N. Mex. and the Rocky Mts.

23. GLYCYRRHÌZA, Tourn. Liquorice.

Calyx with the two upper lobes shorter or partly united. Anther-cells confluent at the apex, the alternate ones smaller. Pod ovate or oblong-linear, compressed, often curved, clothed with rough glands or short prickles, scarcely dehiscent, few-seeded. The flower, etc., otherwise as in Astragalus.—Long perennial root sweet (whence the name, from γλυκύς, sweet, and ῥίζα, root); herbage glandular-viscid; leaves odd-pinnate, with minute stipules; flowers in axillary spikes, white or bluish.

1. G. lepidòta, Nutt. (Wild Liquorice.) Tall (2–3° high); leaflets 15–19, oblong-lanceolate, mucronate-pointed, sprinkled with little scales when young, and with corresponding dots when old; spikes peduncled, short; flowers whitish; pods oblong, beset with hooked prickles, so as to resemble the fruit of Xanthium on a smaller scale.—Minn. to Iowa and Mo., and westward; Ft. Erie, Ont.

24. ÆSCHYNÓMENE, L. Sensitive Joint-Vetch.

1. Æ. híspida, Willd. Erect, rough-bristly annual; leaflets 37–51, linear; racemes few-flowered; flowers yellow, reddish externally; pod stalked, 6–10-jointed.—Along rivers, S. Penn. to Fla. and Miss. Aug.

25. CORONÍLLA, L.

Calyx 5-toothed. Standard orbicular; keel incurved. Stamens diadelphous, 9 and 1. Pod terete or 4-angled, jointed; the joints oblong.—Glabrous herbs or shrubs, with pinnate leaves, and the flowers in umbels terminating axillary peduncles. (Diminutive of corona, a crown, alluding to the inflorescence.)

C. vària, L. A perennial herb with ascending stems; leaves sessile; leaflets 15–25, oblong; flowers rose-color; pods coriaceous, 3–7-jointed, the 4 angled joints 3–4´´ long.—Conn. to N. J. (Nat. from Eu.)

26. HEDÝSARUM, Tourn.

Calyx 5-cleft, the lobes awl-shaped and nearly equal. Keel nearly straight, obliquely truncate, not appendaged, longer than the wings. Stamens diadelphous, 5 and 1. Pod flattened, composed of several equal-sided separable roundish joints connected in the middle.—Perennial herbs; leaves odd-pinnate. (Name composed of ἡδύς, sweet, and ἄρομα, smell.)

1. H. boreàle, Nutt. Leaflets 13–21, oblong or lanceolate, nearly glabrous; stipules scaly, united opposite the petiole; raceme of many deflexed purple flowers; standard shorter than the keel; joints of the pod 3 or 4, smooth, reticulated.—Lab. to northern Maine and Vt.; north shore of L. Superior, and north and westward.

27. DESMÒDIUM, Desv. Tick-Trefoil.

Calyx usually more or less 2 lipped. Standard obovate; wings adherent to the straight or straightish and usually truncate keel, by means of a little transverse appendage on each side of the latter. Stamens diadelphous, 9 and 1, or monadelphous below. Pod flat, deeply lobed on the lower margin, separating into few or many flat reticulated joints (mostly roughened with minute hooked hairs, by which they adhere to the fleece of animals or to clothing).—Perennial herbs, with pinnately 3-foliolate (rarely 1-foliolate) leaves, stipellate. Flowers (in summer) in axillary or terminal racemes, often panicled, and 2 or 3 from each bract, purple or purplish, often turning green in withering. Stipules and bracts scale-like, often striate. (Name from δεσμός, a bond or chain, from the connected joints of the pods.)

§ 1. Pod raised on a stalk (stipe) many times longer than the slightly toothed calyx and nearly as long as the pedicel, straightish on the upper margin, deeply sinuate on the lower; the 1–4 joints mostly half-obovate and concave on the back; stamens monadelphous below; plants nearly glabrous; stems erect or ascending; raceme terminal, panicled; stipules bristle-form, deciduous.

1. D. nudiflòrum, DC. Leaves all crowded at the summit of sterile stems; leaflets broadly ovate, bluntish, whitish beneath; raceme elongated on an ascending mostly leafless stalk or scape from the root, 2° long.—Dry woods, common.

3. D. pauciflòrum, DC. Leaves scattered along the low (8–15´ high) ascending stems; leaflets rhombic-ovate, bluntish, pale beneath; raceme few-flowered, terminal.—Woods, Ont. to Penn., Mich., Kan., and southward.

§ 2. Pod raised on a stalk (stipe) little if at all surpassing the deeply deft calyx; stems long and prostrate or decumbent; racemes axillary and terminal.

[*] Stipules conspicuous, ovate, attenuate, striate, persistent; racemes mostly simple.

4. D. rotundifòlium, DC. Soft-hairy all over, truly prostrate; leaflets orbicular, or the odd one slightly rhomboid; flowers purple; pods almost equally sinuate on both edges, 3–5-jointed; the joints rhomboid-oval.—Dry rocky woods, N. Eng. to Fla., west to Minn., Mo., and La.

Var. glabràtum, Gray, is almost glabrous, otherwise nearly as the ordinary form.—Mass. and N. Y.

5. D. ochroleùcum, M. A. Curtis. Stems sparsely hairy, decumbent; leaflets nearly glabrous, ovate, acute or obtuse, transversely reticulated beneath, the lateral ones smaller or sometimes wanting; racemes much elongated; corolla whitish; pods twisted, 2–4-jointed, the large rhomboid joints smooth and reticulated but the margins downy.—Woodlands, Md. and Va.

[*][*] Stipules smaller, lanceolate and awl-shaped, less persistent; racemes panicled.

6. D. humifùsum, Beck. Glabrous or nearly so, procumbent; leaflets ovate or ovate-oblong, rather obtuse, much smaller than in the two preceding (1¼–2´ long), corolla purple; pods 2–4-jointed, flat, the oval-rhomboid joints minutely scabrous throughout.—Dry sandy soil, S. Penn. to Md.

§ 3. Pod slightly if at all stalked in the calyx; racemes panicled.

[*] Stems tall (3–5°) and erect; the persistent stipules and deciduous bracts large and conspicuous, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, taper-pointed; flowers rather large.

[+] Pods of 4–7 unequal-sided rhombic joints, which are considerably longer than broad (about 6´´ long).

7. D. canéscens, DC. Stem loosely branched, hairy; leaflets ovate, bluntish, about the length of the petioles, whitish and reticulated beneath, both sides roughish with a close fine pubescence; joints of the pod very adhesive.—Moist grounds, Mass. and Vt. to Minn. and southward, chiefly westward. Branches clothed with both minute and hooked, and longer, spreading, rather glutinous hairs.—Var. villosíssimum, Torr. & Gray, has the panicle and upper part of the stem very villous, and leaflets oblong-ovate.—Mo.

8. D. cuspidàtum, Torr. & Gray. Very smooth except the panicle; stem straight; leaflets lanceolate-ovate and taper-pointed, green both sides, longer than the petiole (3–5´); joints of the pod rhomboid-oblong, smoothish.—Thickets, common. The conspicuous bracts and stipules ¾´ long.

[+][+] Pods of 3–5 oval joints (not over 3´´ long).

[*][*] Stems (2–5° high) erect; stipules and bracts mostly deciduous, small and inconspicuous; joints of the pod 3–5, triangular or half-rhombic or very unequal-sided rhomboidal, longer than broad, 3´´ or less in length; flowers middle-sized.

10. D. lævigàtum, DC. Smooth or nearly so throughout; stem straight; leaflets ovate, bluntish, pale beneath (2–3´ long); panicles minutely rough-pubescent.—Pine woods, N. J. to Fla., west to Mo. and Tex.

11. D. viridiflòrum, Beck. Stem very downy, rough at the summit; leaflets broadly ovate, very obtuse, rough above, whitened with a soft velvety down underneath (2–3´ long).—Southern N. Y. to N. J. and Fla., west to Mich., Mo., and Tex.

12. D. Dillènii, Darlingt. Stem pubescent; leaflets oblong or oblong-ovate, commonly bluntish, pale beneath, softly and finely pubescent, mostly thin (2–3´ long).—Open woodlands, common.

13. D. paniculàtum, DC. Nearly smooth throughout; stem slender, tall; leaflets oblong-lanceolate, or narrowly lanceolate, tapering to a blunt point, thin (3–5´ long); racemes much panicled.—Copses, common.

14. D. stríctum, DC. Stem very straight and slender, simple (2–3° high), the upper part and narrow panicle rough-glandular; leaflets linear, blunt, strongly reticulated, thickish, very smooth (1–2´ long, ¼´ wide); joints of the pod 1–3, semi-obovate or very gibbous (only 2´´ long).—Pine woods, N. J. to Fla. and La.

[*][*][*] Stipules small and inconspicuous, mostly deciduous; pods of few roundish or obliquely oval or sometimes roundish-rhomboidal joints, 1½–2½´´ long.

[+] Stems erect; bracts before flowering conspicuous; racemes densely flowered.

15. D. Canadénse, DC. Stem hairy (3–6° high); leaflets oblong-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, with numerous straightish veins, much longer than the petiole (1½–3´ long); flowers showy, larger than in any other species (½–{1/3}´ long).—Dry rich woods, N. Brunswick to N. C., Minn., and Kan.

16. D. sessilifòlium, Torr. & Gray. Stem pubescent (2–4° high); leaves nearly sessile; leaflets linear or linear-oblong, blunt, thickish, reticulated, rough above, downy beneath; branches of the panicle long; flowers small.—Copses, Penn. and Ky., west to Mich., Iowa, Mo., and Tex.

[+][+] Stems ascending (1–3° high); bracts small; racemes or panicles elongated and loosely flowered; flowers small.

17. D. rígidum, DC. Stem branching, somewhat hoary, like the lower surface of the leaves, with a close roughish pubescence; leaflets ovate-oblong, blunt, thickish, reticulated-veiny, rather rough above, the lateral ones longer than the petiole.—Dry hillsides, Mass. to Fla., west to Mich., Mo., and La.

18. D. ciliàre, DC. Stem slender, hairy or rough-pubescent; leaves crowded, on very short hairy petioles; leaflets round-ovate or oval, thickish, more or less hairy on the margins and underneath (½–1´ long).—Dry hills and sandy fields, N. Eng. to Fla., west to Mich., Mo., and Tex.

[+][+][+] Stems reclining or prostrate; racemes loosely flowered.

20. D. lineàtum, DC. Stem minutely pubescent, striate-angled; leaflets orbicular, smoothish (½–1´ long), much longer than the petiole; pod scarcely stalked in the calyx.—Dry soil, Md. and Va. to Fla. and La.

28. LESPEDÈZA, Michx. Bush-Clover.

Calyx 5-cleft; the lobes nearly equal, slender. Stamens diadelphous (9 and 1); anthers all alike. Pods of a single 1-seeded joint (sometimes 2 jointed, with the lower joint empty and stalk-like), oval or roundish, flat, reticulated.—Herbs with pinnately 3-foliolate leaves, not stipellate. Flowers often polygamous, in summer and autumn. (Dedicated to Lespedez, the Spanish governor of Florida in the time of Michaux.)

§ 1. Stipules subulate-setaceous; bracts minute; calyx-lobes attenuate; perennial.

[*] Flowers of two sorts, the larger (violet-purple) perfect, but seldom fruitful, panicled or clustered; with smaller pistillate and fertile but mostly apetalous ones intermixed or in small subsessile clusters; calyx 1–2´´ long; pod exserted.

1. L. procúmbens, Michx. Slender, trailing and prostrate, minutely appressed-hairy to soft-downy; leaflets oval or obovate-elliptical, 3–9´´ long; peduncles very slender, few-flowered; keel equalling the wings; pod small, roundish, obtuse or acute. (Incl. L. repens, Bart.)—Dry sandy soil; common.

2. L. violàcea, Pers. Stems upright or spreading, slender, branched, rather sparsely leafy and sparingly pubescent; leaflets thin, broadly oval or oblong, finely appressed-pubescent beneath; peduncles very slender, loosely few-flowered, mostly longer than the leaves; flowers 3–4´´ long, the keel often the longest; pod ovate, 2–3´´ long, nearly glabrous.—Dry copses, N. Eng. to Minn. and E. Kan., south to Fla. and La.

3. L. reticulàta, Pers. Stouter, erect, very leafy; leaflets thickish, linear to linear-oblong, 6–15´´ long, finely appressed-pubescent; flowers (scarcely 3´´ long) clustered on peduncles much shorter than the leaves, the keel shorter than the standard; pods ovate, acute, 2´´ long, appressed-subpubescent. (L. violacea, var. angustifolia, Torr. & Gray.)—Mass. to Minn., and southward.

4. L. Stùvei, Nutt. Stems upright-spreading, very leafy, simple or somewhat branched, downy with spreading pubescence; leaflets oval or roundish varying to oblong or rarely linear-oblong, silky or white-woolly beneath and sometimes above; flowers as in the last, often numerous and crowded; pods ovate, acuminate, mostly 3´´ long, downy.—Mass. to Mich., and south to Va. and Tex.

Var. intermèdia, Watson. Pubescence more scanty and usually fine and appressed as in n. 3, but the leaflets oval to oblong; inflorescence often more open; pod of n. 4 or of n. 3. (L. violacea, var. sessiliflora, of Man., mainly.)—Mass. to Fla., and west to Mich., Ill., E. Kan., and Ark.

[*][*] Flowers all alike and perfect, in close spikes or heads; corolla whitish or cream-color with a purple spot on the standard, about the length of the downy 5-parted calyx; pod included; stems upright, wand-like (2–4° high).

6. L. capitàta, Michx. Stems rigid, woolly; petioles very short; leaflets oblong to narrowly oblong, thickish, reticulated and mostly smooth above, silky or sometimes downy beneath; heads of flowers globular, on peduncles shorter than the leaves; pod oblong-ovate, pubescent, much shorter than the calyx.—Dry and sandy soil, N. Eng. to Fla., west to Minn., Mo., and La.

7. L. angustifòlia, Ell. Like the last, but mostly appressed-silky, the leaflets linear, the smaller often oblong heads on distinct and sometimes slender peduncles, the pod round-ovate, acutish, 1½–2´´ long, hardly shorter than the calyx. (L. capitata, var. angustifolia, Pursh.)—N. J. to Fla., west to Mich., Iowa, and La.

8. L. leptostàchya, Gray. Clothed with appressed silky pubescence; stems often branched, slender; leaflets linear to narrowly oblong; spikes slender, somewhat loosely-flowered, on peduncles as long as the leaves; pod ovate, small (1½´´ long), about equalling the calyx, densely pubescent.—Ill., Iowa, and Minn.

§ 2. Stipules and bracts broad and scarious; calyx-lobes broad; annual.

L. striàta, Hook. & Arn. Diffusely branched, decumbent, subpubescent; petioles very short; leaflets oblong-obovate, 6´´ long or less; peduncles very short, 1–5-flowered; pod small, little exceeding the calyx.—Common in the Southern States, extending into Mo. (Nat. from E. Asia.)

29. STYLOSÁNTHES, Swartz.

Calyx early deciduous; tube slender and stalk-like; limb unequally 4–5-cleft, the lower lobe more distinct. Corolla and monadelphous stamens inserted at the summit of the calyx-tube; standard orbicular; keel incurved. Anthers 10, the 5 longer ones fixed near their base, and the 5 alternate shorter ones fixed by the middle. Style filiform, its upper part falling off after flowering, the lower part incurved or hooked, persistent on the 1–2-jointed small and short reticulated pod; the lower joint when present empty and stalk-like.—Low perennials, branched from the base, with wiry stems, pinnately 3-foliolate leaves, the sheathing stipules united to the petiole, no stipels, and small, yellow flowers in terminal heads or short spikes. (Name composed of στύλος, a column, and ἄνθος, a flower, from the stalk-like calyx-tube.)

1. S. elàtior, Swartz. Tufted; leaflets lanceolate, strongly straight-veined; heads or clusters small and few-flowered.—Pine barrens, Long Island and N. J. to Fla., west to S. Ind., Kan., and Ark.

30. VÍCIA, Tourn. Vetch. Tare.

Calyx 5-cleft or 5-toothed, the 2 upper teeth often shorter, or the lowest longer. Wings of the corolla adhering to the middle of the keel. Stamens more or less diadelphous (9 and 1); the orifice of the tube oblique. Style filiform, hairy all round or only on the back at the apex. Pod flat, 2-valved, 2–several-seeded. Seeds globular. Cotyledons very thick, remaining under ground in germination.—Herbs, mostly climbing more or less by the tendril at the end of the pinnate leaves. Stipules half-sagittate. Flowers or peduncles axillary. (The classical Latin name.)

V. satìva, L. (Common Vetch or Tare.) Somewhat pubescent; stem simple; leaflets 5–7 pairs, varying from obovate-oblong to linear, notched and mucronate at the apex; pod linear, several-seeded.—Cultivated fields and waste places, N. Eng. to N. J. and southward, west to Mich. and Minn.—Var. angustifòlia, Seringe, has longer and narrow leaflets. (Adv. from Eu.)

[*][*] Annual, slender; peduncles elongated; flowers small.

V. tetraspérma, L. Peduncles 1–2-flowered; leaflets 4–6 pairs, linear-oblong, obtuse; calyx-teeth unequal; corolla whitish; pods narrow, 4-seeded, smooth.—Waste places, near the coast, N. Scotia to N. J. (Nat. from Eu.)

V. hirsùta, Koch. Peduncles 3–6-flowered; leaflets 6–8 pairs, truncate; calyx-teeth equal; corolla bluish; pods oblong, 2-seeded, hairy.—N. Brunswick to Mass. and Va. (Nat. from Eu.)

[*][*][*] Perennial; peduncles elongated; calyx-teeth unequal; pod several-seeded.

1. V. Crácca, L. Downy-pubescent; leaflets 20–24, oblong-lanceolate, strongly mucronate; spikes densely many-flowered, 1-sided; flowers blue, turning purple, 6´´ long, reflexed; calyx-teeth shorter than the tube.—Borders of thickets, Newf. to N. J., west to Ky., Iowa, and Minn. (Eu.)

2. V. Caroliniàna, Walt. Nearly smooth; leaflets 8–24, oblong, obtuse, scarcely mucronate; peduncles loosely-flowered; flowers small, more scattered than in the preceding, whitish, the keel tipped with blue; calyx-teeth very short.—River-banks, Ont. and N. Y. to Ga., west to Minn. and Kan.

3. V. Americàna, Muhl. Glabrous; leaflets 10–14, elliptical or ovate-oblong, very obtuse, many-veined; peduncles 4–8-flowered; flowers purplish (8´´ long).—Moist soil, N. Y. and N. J., to Kan., Minn., and westward.—Var. lineàris, Watson, a low form with linear leaflets, occurs in Kan. and Neb., and is common westward.

31. LÁTHYRUS, Tourn. Vetchling. Everlasting Pea.

Style flattish, dilated and flattish (not grooved) above, hairy along the inner side (next the free stamen). Sheath of the filaments scarcely oblique at the apex. Otherwise nearly as in Vicia.—Our species are perennial and mostly smooth plants, the rhachis of the leaves in some not produced into a tendril. (Λάθυρος, a leguminous plant of Theophrastus.)

[*] Tendrils present; stipules large and broad; leaflets 3–5 pairs.

1. L. marítimus, Bigelow. (Beach Pea.) Stout (1° high or more); stipules broadly ovate and halberd-shaped, nearly as large as the leaflets, the lower lobe larger and usually coarsely toothed; leaflets thick, ovate-oblong (1–2´ long); peduncles a little shorter than the leaves, 6–10-flowered, flowers large (9´´ long), purple.—Seashore from N. J. and Oregon to the Arctic Sea; also on the Great Lakes. (Eu.)

2. L. ochroleùcus, Hook. Stem slender (1–3° high); stipules semi-cordate, half as large as the thin ovate leaflets; peduncles 7–10-flowered; flowers smaller, yellowish-white.—Hillsides, N. Eng. to Minn., Iowa, and westward.

[*][*] Tendrils present; stipules narrow, semi-sagittate, acuminate.

[+] Flowers purple; leaflets several pairs.

4. L. palústris, L. Slender, glabrous or somewhat pubescent; stem often winged; stipules lanceolate, sharp-pointed at both ends; leaflets 2–4 pairs, narrowly oblong to linear, acute (1–2´ long); peduncles 2–6-flowered; flowers 6´´ long.—Moist places, N. Scotia to N. J., and westward across the continent. (Eu.)

Var. myrtifòlius, Gray. Stipules usually broader and larger; leaflets ovate to oblong (1´ long or less).—Same range, and extending south to N. C.

[+][+] Flowers yellow; leaflets a single pair.

L. pratènsis, L. Low and straggling; leaflets narrowly lanceolate to linear, acute; peduncles several-flowered.—Spontaneous in Mass., N. Y., and Ont. (Nat. from Eu.)

[*][*][*] Tendrils usually wanting; low, mostly erect; stipules semi-sagittate; flowers very large, purple; pod stipitate in the calyx.

5. L. polymórphus, Nutt. Leaflets 3–6 pairs, narrowly oblong to linear, thick and strongly nerved, 1–2´ long; seeds with a narrow footstalk and short hilum.—Mo., Kan., and westward.

6. L. ornàtus, Nutt. Like the last, but leaflets always narrow, 3–12´´ long; seeds with a very broad footstalk and long hilum.—Kan. to Col. and Dak. Scarcely 1° high.

32. ÁPIOS, Boerhaave. Ground-nut. Wild Bean.

Calyx somewhat 2-lipped, the 2 lateral teeth being nearly obsolete, the upper very short, the lower one longest. Standard very broad, reflexed; the long scythe-shaped keel strongly incurved, at length coiled. Stamens diadelphous. Pod straight or slightly curved, linear, elongated, thickish, many-seeded.—A perennial herb (with some milky juice!), twining and climbing over bushes, and bearing edible tubers on underground shoots. Leaflets 3–7, ovate-lanceolate, obscurely stipellate. Flowers in dense and short, often branching racemes. (Name from ἄπιον, a pear, from the shape of the tubers.)

1. A. tuberòsa, Moench. Flowers brown-purple or chocolate-color, violet-scented.—Low grounds, N. Brunswick to Fla., west to Minn., Kan., and La.

33. PHASÈOLUS, Tourn. Kidney Bean.

Calyx 5-toothed or 5-cleft, the two upper teeth often higher united. Keel of the corolla, with the included stamens and style, spirally coiled. Stamens diadelphous. Style bearded along the upper side; stigma oblique or lateral. Pod scythe-shaped, several–many-seeded, tipped with the hardened base of the style. Seeds round-reniform, with very short hilum. Cotyledons thick and fleshy, rising out of the ground nearly unchanged in germination.—Twining herbs, with pinnately 3-foliolate stipellate leaves. Flowers racemose, produced in summer and autumn. (The ancient name of the Kidney Bean.)

1. P. perénnis, Walt. (Wild Bean.) Stem climbing high from a perennial root; leaflets roundish-ovate, short-pointed; flowers purple, handsome, but small; pods drooping, strongly curved, 4–5-seeded.—Copses, N. Eng. to Fla., west to Minn. and La.

Keel of the corolla with the included stamens and style elongated, strongly incurved, not spirally coiled. Pod linear, terete or flattish, straight or nearly so. Seeds quadrate or oblong with truncate ends, mealy-pubescent or glabrate; hilum linear. Flowers few, sessile and capitate clustered on the mostly long peduncles. Otherwise as Phaseolus.—Stems prostrate or climbing, more or less retrorsely hairy. Stipules and bracts striate. (Name from στροφή, a turning, and στῦλος, a style.)

1. S. angulòsa, Ell. Annual; stems branched, 1–6° long; leaflets ovate to oblong-ovate (rarely linear-oblong), with a more or less prominent rounded lobe toward the base (the terminal 2-lobed), or some or all often entire, about 1´ (6–20´´) long; corolla greenish-white and purplish; pod terete, 2–3´ long by 3´´ wide, 4–8-seeded, nearly glabrous; seeds oblong, about 3´´ long, usually very pubescent. (Phaseolus diversifolius, Pers. P. helvolus, L.)—Sandy shores and river-banks; coast of Mass. and southward, along the Great Lakes to Minn., and south to Kan. and Tex.

Var. Missouriénsis, Watson in herb. Climbing high (10–30°); leaves often 3´ long, rhombic-ovate, rarely at all lobed; seeds 3–4´´ long.—River-bottoms near Independence, Mo.; nearly two months later. (F. Bush.)

2. S. pedunculàris, Ell. Stems more slender, from a perennial rootstock, 2–4° long; leaflets ovate to oblong-linear, rarely at all lobed, 1´ long or less; pod 1½–2´ long and scarcely 2´´ wide; seeds much smaller, 1½–2´´ long, short-oblong to quadrate. (Phaseolus helvolus, Man., etc., not L.)—Sandy ground, Long Island and N. J. to Fla., west to S. Ind., Ky., and La.

3. S. pauciflòrus, Watson in herb. Annual, slender, low-climbing, pubescent; leaflets oblong-lanceolate or ovate-oblong to linear, not lobed, 1´ long; pod pubescent, 1´ long, flattish; seeds as in the last, very finely mealy, soon glabrate. (Phaseolus pauciflorus, Benth.)—River-banks, Ind. to Minn., south to Miss. and Tex.

35. CENTROSÈMA, DC. Spurred Butterfly-Pea.

Calyx short, 5-cleft. Corolla, etc., much as in Clitoria, but the spreading standard with a spur-shaped projection on the back near the base; keel broad. Style bearded at the apex around the terminal stigma. Pod long and linear, flat, pointed with the awl-shaped style, many-seeded, thickened at the edges, the valves marked with a raised line on each side next the margin.—Twining perennials, with 3-foliolate stipellate leaves, and large showy flowers. Stipules, bracts, and bractlets striate, the latter longer than the calyx. (Name from κέντρον, a spur, and σήμα, a standard.)

1. C. Virginiànum, Benth. Rather rough with minute hairs; leaflets varying from oblong-ovate to lanceolate and linear, very veiny, shining; peduncles 1–4-flowered; calyx-teeth linear-awl-shaped; corolla violet, 1´ long; pods straight, 4–5´ long.—Sandy woods, Md. to Fla. and Ark. (Trop. Am.)

36. CLITÒRIA, L. Butterfly-Pea.

1. C. Mariàna, L. Low, ascending or twining, smooth; leaflets oblong-ovate or ovate-lanceolate; stipules and bracts awl-shaped; peduncles short; the showy pale-blue flowers 2´ long.—Dry banks, N. Y. to Va. and Fla., west to Mo. and Tex.

37. AMPHICARPÆ̀A, Ell. Hog Pea-nut.

Flowers of 2 kinds; those of the racemes from the upper branches perfect, but seldom ripening fruit; those near the base and on filiform creeping branches with the corolla none or rudimentary, and few free stamens, but fruitful. Calyx about equally 4- (rarely 5-) toothed; bractlets none or minute. Keel and wing-petals similar, almost straight; the standard partly folded round them. Stamens diadelphous. Style beardless. Pods of the upper flowers, when formed, somewhat scymetar-shaped, stipitate, 3–4-seeded; of the lower ones commonly subterranean and fleshy, obovate or pear-shaped, ripening usually but one large seed.—Low and slender perennials; the twining stems clothed with brownish hairs. Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate; leaflets rhombic-ovate, stipellate. Flowers in simple or compound racemes, purplish. Bracts persistent, round, partly clasping, striate, as well as the stipules. (Name from ἀμφί, both, and καρπός, fruit, in allusion to the two kinds of pods.)

1. A. monòica, Nutt. Leaflets thin, ½–2´ long; racemes nodding; calyx of upper flowers 2´´ long, the ovary glabrous except the hairy margin; pod 1´ long; ovary and pod of the rudimentary flowers hairy.—Rich damp woodlands, common. Aug., Sept.

2. A. Pítcheri, Torr. & Gray. Leaflets usually 2–4´ long; rhachis of the racemes usually villous; calyx 3´´ long, the teeth acuminate; ovary hairy.—Western N. Y. to Ill., Mo., La., and Tex. The upper flowers more commonly fertile; apparently producing subterranean fruit but rarely.

38. GALÁCTIA, P. Browne. Milk-Pea.

Calyx 4-cleft; the lobes acute, the upper one broadest, entire. Keel scarcely incurved. Stamens diadelphous or nearly so. Style beardless. Pod linear, flat, several-seeded (some few of them rarely partly subterranean and fleshy or deformed).—Low, mostly prostrate or twining perennial herbs. Leaflets usually 3, stipellate. Flowers in somewhat interrupted or knotty racemes, purplish; in summer. (Name from γάλα, -ακτος, milk; some species being said to yield a milky juice, which is unlikely.)

1. G. glabélla, Michx. Stems nearly smooth, prostrate; leaflets elliptical or ovate-oblong, sometimes slightly hairy beneath; racemes short, 4–8-flowered; pods somewhat hairy.—Sandy woods, southern N. Y. to Va., Fla., and Miss.

2. G. pilòsa, Ell. Stems (decumbent and somewhat twining) and leaves beneath soft-downy and hoary; leaflets oval; racemes many-flowered, pods very downy. (G. mollis, Gray, Manual; not Michx.)—Penn. to Fla. and Miss.

Calyx somewhat 2-lipped, or deeply 4–5-parted. Keel scythe-shaped, or incurved at the apex. Stamens diadelphous. Ovules only 2. Pod 1–2-seeded, short and flat, 2-valved.—Usually twining or trailing perennial herbs, pinnately 3-foliolate, or with a single leaflet, not stipellate. Flowers yellow, racemose or clustered. (Name from ῥύγχος, a beak, from the shape of the keel.)