embozarse, refl., to muffle one’s self up.
embudo, m., funnel.
embutir, to inlay, to chase, to mix confusedly.
emitir, to issue.
empalme, m., railway junction;
splicing;
connection.
empanizado, m. (Sp. A.), applied to brown sugar in irregular broken pieces.
empapado, -a, soaked.
empapar, to soak.
empaquetar, to pack.
emparrado, m., arbor or bower.
empecatado, -a, wily, evil minded.
empedrado, m., pavement.
empellón, m., push, heavy blow.
empeño, m., earnest desire or purpose;
a favor asked of another.
empeorar, to impair, to grow worse.
empinado, -a, steep.
empleado, m., employee.
empleo, m., occupation, business, employment.
emporio, m., emporium, center.
emprendedor, m., an enterprising person.
empréstito, m., loan.
enaltecer, to extol, to exalt.
enaltecido, -a, aggrandized, praised, exalted.
encaje, m., Gallicism, used in certain parts of South America meaning gold reserve which guarantees the paper currency in circulation.
encaminado, -a, guided, directed, forwarded.
encaminar, to guide, to put on the right road.
encasquetar, to put on one’s hat.
enceguecer, to blind.
encender, to kindle;
to light;
to heat.
encendido, -a, inflamed, glowing, redhot.
encerrarse, refl., to closet one’s self.
encierro, m., enclosure, confinement.
encomendar, to commend, to order (work).
encomiar, to extol, to praise.
encordar, to string a musical instrument.
encurtidos, m. pl., pickles.
enchilada, f. (Sp. A..), a kind of griddle cake made of grated corn, served with highly seasoned chopped meat and peppers.
endeble, feeble, weak, flimsy.
enderezar, to erect;
to rectify.
endoso, m., indorsement.
energúmeno, -a, possessed of a devil.
enganchar, to hook, to attach, to harness the horses to the carriage.
engañarse, refl., to be deceived.
engaño, m., deceit, fraud, falsehood.
engendrar, to produce, to bear fruit.
englobar, to reunite, to consider several things in one.
enhestar, to erect, to place upright.
enhiesto, -a, upright.
enhorabuena, f., congratulation, felicitation.
enjalma, f., kind of packsaddle.
enjaular, to cage.
enjugar, to wipe off moisture.
enlazado, -a, joined, connected.
enlazar, to join, to connect.
enredado, -a, entangled, perplexed;
abashed.
enredar, to entangle, to confound, to perplex, to abash, to annoy.
enrejado, m., trellis, lattice, grating, grill-work.
enriquecerse, refl., to grow rich.
enrizarse, refl., to bristle, to curl.
enroscado, -a, coiled, twisted.
enroscarse, refl., to coil itself.
ensanchar, to widen, to extend, to enlarge.
ensayar, to try, to rehearse.
enseres, m. pl., chattels, fixtures.
ensopado, -a, soaked, wet.
ensopar, to soak.
ensueño, m., sleep, fantasy.
entablar, to cover with boards;
to initiate, to begin.
entable, m., sown field.
entapizar, to adorn with tapestry, to cover.
entenderse, refl., to understand (each other).
entereza, f., integrity, rectitude, fortitude, firmness.
enterrar, to bury.
entiempado, -a, p. p. of entiempar;
(Sp. A.) to be in heat.
entortar, to bend, to make crooked.
entrada, f., income, receipts.
entrambos, -bas, pr. pl., both.
entrañas, f. pl., entrails, bowels.
entreacto, m., between the acts;
interlude.
entrefuerte, middling strong.
entregar, to deliver, to give.
entretejer, to interweave, to knit.
entuerto, m., offence, harm, grievance, mischief.
envase, m., packing;
el ——, the container (as wrapper, box, case, etc.).
envejecer, to grow old.
enyugar, to yoke cattle.
época, f.;
hacer ——, epoch-making, to make or break the record.
epopeya, f., a series of heroic deeds;
an epic.
equino, -a, equine.
equipo, m., equipment, accoutrements, trappings;
athletic team.
equivocarse, refl., to be mistaken.
era, f., wheat field.
erguido, -a, raised up straight.
erguir, to erect, to raise.
erizar, to stand on end.
errar, to miss a blow or a shot.
escabel, m., footstool.
escala, f., ladder;
scale;
(sing. and pl.) route or itinerary of a river, coastwise or ocean going steamship.
escalar, m., to climb.
escamas, f. pl., fish-scales.
escaparate, m., show window.
escarcha, f., hoar frost.
escarpado, -a, craggy, rugged, crabbed.
escasez, f., scantiness, want, lack.
escenario, m., stage.
esclusa, f., lock, sluice, floodgate, milldam.
escoger, to select, to choose, to pick out.
escogido, -a, chosen, picked out, selected.
escolar, m., scholar, student.
escombro, m. (Sp. A.), mackerel.
esconderse, refl., to hide one’s self.
escondidas, a ——, in a secret manner.
escondido, -a, hidden, concealed.
escondite, m., hide and seek;
hiding place.
escopeta, f., gun, firelock.
escribanía, f., office of a notary public.
escribano, m., notary.
escribiente, m., clerk.
escritorio, m., office;
writing-desk.
escuadra, f., fleet;
square, an instrument for measuring right angles.
escuela, f., school.
escurrirse, refl., to slip away, to slip out.
esmalte, m., enamel.
espaldera, f., trellis work for the support of climbing plants.
espantar, to frighten, to horrify.
espata, f. (Bot.), spathe.
especia, f., spice.
especiería, f., grocery store.
específico, m., patent medicine.
espeso, -a, dense, thick.
espiga, f., stalk (of wheat or corn).
espigar, to glean.
espina, f., thorn.
espuela, f., spur.
espuma, f., froth, foam.
esquife, m., skiff, small boat.
esquilmar, to impoverish, to reduce.
esquites, m. pl. (Sp. A.), popcorn.
estabulación, f., the keeping of farm animals in the stable.
estaca, f., stake, picket, post.
estación, f., season;
railway depot;
one of the stations in the Via Crucis (R. C. Ch.).
Estado, m., State, the commonwealth;
each of the States of a country.
estallar, to explode, to burst, to crack.
estancia, f. (Sp. A.), large farm.
estanciero, m., farmer, rancher.
estanco, m., a government monopoly;
place where goods under a monopoly are sold.
estandarte, m., banner, standard, flag.
estante, m., shelf;
—— giratorio, revolving bookcase.
estaño, m., tin.
estar, to be;
—— con, to be of the same opinion;
—— por, to be about to, to prefer;
a —— a lo que, according to.
estero, m., lake near the sea;
salt marsh;
(Sp. A.) swamp;
creek;
dry river;
pool.
estigma, m., stigma, brand, mark.
estirpe, m., race, origin, stock.
esto, en ——, at this moment.
estola, f., stole, a fur garment worn by women.
estrado, m., formerly a dais or raised platform in a drawing room.
estrecho, -a, narrow, close.
estregar, to rub one thing against another.
estrellado, -a, broken, shattered;
starry.
estrellar, to break by collision;
to be filled with stars. In the latter sense it is also used metaphorically.
estreno, m., “first night” performance.
estrépito, m., noise, clamor, bustle.
estribar, to build upon, to support.
estribo, m., stirrup;
step (in vehicles).
estridor, m., noise, crack, screech, stridor.
estro, m. (Poet.), ardor, inspiration.
estrujar, to press out, to squeeze.
estudio, m., study;
—— de abogado, lawyer’s office.
estufa, f., stove.
estupefacto, -a, motionless, petrified, astonished, bewildered.
etapa, f., stage;
station;
stop.
evitar, to avoid.
examen, m., examination, trial, inquiry, search;
—— de reválida, examination required of graduates from foreign colleges and universities before they are permitted to practice in their adopted country.
excusado, -a, exempted, superfluous, useless;
ser ——, to be out of the question.
exigir, to exact, to demand, to require, to urge.
existencia, f., stock in hand, goods.
éxito, m., success.
expediente, m., file of papers bearing on a case;
collection of all the papers belonging to a business matter.
exprimir, to squeeze.
exterior, m., the outside;
el ——, the outside world.
extranjero, -a, stranger, foreigner;
el ——, foreign countries.
extrañar, to wonder at;
(Sp. A.) to miss.
extraño, -a, strange, odd;
stranger;
foreign.


F
fábrica, f., factory.
fabricar, to manufacture.
facón, m. (Sp. A.), large pointed jackknife used by seamen.
factura, f., invoice.
facultad, f. (Sp. A.), each of the colleges of a university.
faena, f., work, labor;
(Sp. A.) a season’s work at the agricultural establishments, rural factories, etc.
faja, f., band, belt, border.
falda, f., skirt, lap;
brow of a hill, slope.
faldellín, m., baby’s skirt or petticoat.
faldón, m., long flowing skirt, flap.
faltar, to need, to lack;
¡no faltaría más!, it needed only that!
fallar, to pass sentence, to judge, to render judgment.
falleba, f., iron bar for fastening doors and windows.
famélico, -a, hungry, ravenous.
familiar, domestic, familiar, tame.
fango, m., mire, mud, slime.
fantasioso, -a (Sp. A.), proud, boastful.
fardo, m., bale of goods.
farol, m., lantern, street lamp.
fastidio, m., weariness, lassitude, ennui.
fatalmente, ominously; fatally, helplessly.
feraz, fertile, fruitful.
ferretería, f., hardware store.
fiambre, m., cold meat (as food).
fianza, f., caution, guaranty, security, bail.
ficha, f., library card.
fieltro, m., felt.
fiero, -a, fierce, ugly, rough, huge, awe-inspiring.
figura, f., figure, shape, statue, image, ill-shaped person.
figurar, to be conspicuous, to rank, to represent;
refl., to imagine, to fancy.
fila, f., line (of soldiers).
filón, m., vein, lode, mineral layer.
fin, m., end;
al ——, at last;
a —— de, in order that;
en —— or por ——, finally, lastly.
finca, f., real estate;
land or house property.
fingir, to feign, to pretend, to fancy, to imagine what does not really exist.
fino, -a, fine, perfect, high grade.
firmado, signed, subscribed.
firmar, to sign, to subscribe.
fisonomía, f., features, and by extension, figure, persons.
flaquear, to weaken, to lose vigor, to slacken.
flete, m., freight;
—— a destino, “through freight” (to destination).
flor, f., flower, blossom;
—— de calentura, wild plant of the Antilles.
florecimiento, m., blooming;
thriving;
prosperity.
florero, m., flower-pot.
florón, m., ornament resembling a large flower, rosette.
flota, f., fleet, squadron.
flotilla, f., a small fleet.
fogonero, m., fireman, stoker.
fogoso, -a, fiery, vehement, ardent, fervent;
lively.
foguista, m. (Sp. A.), see fogonero.
follón, m., rogue, villain;
mean, despicable fellow.
fomento, m., patronage, protection, support, encouragement;
improvement.
fondo, m., depth;
fund;
(Sp. A.) back yard.
foramen, m., hole in the nether millstone.
forjado, -a, forged, framed.
forjar, to frame, to make, to invent;
to work out in a foundry;
to counterfeit.
forraje, m., fodder.
fortaleza, f., fortitude, firmness;
fortress.
fraile, m., friar, monk.
franquear, to exempt, to grant immunity from;
to pay the postage.
frecuentado, -a, frequented, visited often.
frecuentar, to visit often, to frequent.
frenesí, m., frenzy, madness, distraction.
freno, m., bridle or bit of the bridle.
frente, f., forehead;
m., front.
fresco, m., cool temperature;
pintar al ——, to fresco.
frescura, f., coolness.
frigio, -a, Phrygian, pertaining to Phrygia.
frigorífico, m. (Sp. A.), packing house;
refrigerating plant.
fríjol, m. (Sp. A.), bean.
friso, m., frieze.
frondoso, -a, leafy, luxuriant.
fronterizo, -a, frontier;
on the border.
frontón, m., main wall of a hand-ball court.
fructuoso, -a, fruitful, useful, profitable, fecund.
fruta, f., fruit;
—— de conde, a South American fruit.
fruticultura, f., fruit-growing.
frutilla, f. (Sp. A.), strawberry.
frutos, m. pl., vegetable products in general.
fuente, f., source;
fountain, spring.
fuera, out, outside;
—— de, out of;
—— de eso, besides, moreover;
—— de esto, short of this;
—— de que, beside this.
fuereño, -a (Sp. A.), an outsider, a person from the provinces.
fuerza, f., power;
—— motriz, horse, steam or electric power.
función, f., performance;
—— de abono, subscription performance;
—— ordinaria, popular performance;
—— de moda, society performance;
—— por secciones or por tandas, continuous performance.
fundición, f., foundry.
fundo, m.,., rural property;
(Sp. A.) large estate.
fusión, f., fusion, amalgamation, union.
fuste, m., saddle-tree, wooden framework of a saddle.


G
gabazo, m. (also bagazo), sugar cane from which the juice has been extracted, refuse from a sugar mill.
gachas, f. pl., any sort of soft pap or porridge.
galán, m., gentleman;
—— joven, actor who takes the part of a lover.
galante, courtly, particularly toward ladies.
gallardía, f., graceful air and deportment;
manly grace.
galleta, f., biscuit, hardtack.
galletita, f. (Sp. A.), small biscuit or cracker.
gallina, f., hen;
—— ciega, f., blindman’s buff.
gana, f., appetite;
inclination;
de buena ——, with pleasure, willingly.
ganadería, f., cattle-raising, breeding of cattle and sheep.
ganadero, -a, stock-raiser, stock-breeder.
ganado, m., live-stock, cattle;
herd.
ganar (Sp. A.), to reach, to arrive;
to win, to earn;
refl. (S. A.), to take refuge.
ganga, f., bargain;
anything valuable acquired with little labor.
garbo, m., grace, elegance of manner and deportment.
garboso, -a, graceful, elegant;
generous.
garduña, f., marten.
garibaldina, f., a red shirt worn by Garibaldi’s volunteers from South America.
garra, f., claw, talon.
garrotazo, m., blow with a cudgel or blackjack.
garza, f., heron.
gasa, f., gauze.
gato, -a, cat;
—— montés, wildcat.
gauche (French), awkward, unskillful.
gaucho, m., the half-breed native of Argentina or Uruguay, who in character is akin to our Western cowboy.
gaveta, f., drawer (Carp.).
gavilla, f., sheaf of wheat, corn, etc.
género, m., manner, kind;
—— chico, playlet, short comedy.
genio, m., genius, spirit.
gente, f. (Sp. A.), the personnel of a farm;
people.
gerente, m., manager.
gesto, m., attitude, gesture;
a commendable act.
ginebra, f., gin.
gira, f., or jira, outing, trip.
glaciar, m., Gallicism for helero, ventisquero;
glacier.
glorieta, f., summer-house, bower, arbor.
goleta, f., schooner.
golosina, f., dainty, tid-bit.
goma, f., rubber.
gorgorito, m., effervescent bubble.
grabado, m., engraving, etching.
grada, f., seat in an amphitheater.
grama, f., grass.
granizo, m., hail.
granja, f., farm, country house;
grange (in the old-fashioned sense).
granjear, to gain the favor or goodwill of another;
to get, to obtain.
grato, -a, pleasant, agreeable.
gravamen, m., charge, obligation, burden.
gravoso, -a, grievous, offensive, onerous, burdensome.
graznido, m., croaking noise.
gresca, f., quarrel, wrangle.
gringo, m., nickname applied to foreigners, especially English and Americans.
gritado, -a, shouted, shrieked.
gritar, to shout, to cry out, to shriek.
grosezuelo, -a, affectionate diminutive of grueso.
grueso, -a, fat, stout.
grumete, m., cabin-boy.
gruñido, m., growl.
gruñir, to growl, to grumble, to grunt;
to creak.
guacamaya, f., macaw.
guáimaro, m., small shot.
guajiro, m. (Sp. A., esp. Cuba), field laborer, rustic.
guanábana, f., variety of chirimoya or custard-apple.
guanajo, m. (in Cuba), turkey.
guano, m. (Sp. A.), indigenous name applied to palm-trees in general.
guapetón, m., one who boasts of his daring;
brave, daring.
guapo, -a (Sp. A.), brave, daring.
guaraní, m. (Sp. A.), Indian tribe.
guarapo, m., juice of the sugar cane.
guardaagujas, m., switchman.
guardabarreras, m., watchman in charge of a railway crossing.
guardatrén, m., railway conductor.
guarecerse, refl., to take refuge, to hide from danger.
guarnecer, to garnish.
guarrús, m. (Sp. A.), beverage made of corn or rice and sugar.
guayaba, f., fruit of the guava-tree.
guedeja, f., lock of hair.
guerrilla, f., guerrilla, irregular partisan warfare.
guinchar, to prick.
guinche, m., machine for raising heavy articles;
winch.
guinda, f., cherry.
guiñada, f., knowing wink.
guirindola, f., shirt-front or frill.
guisa, f., guise;
a —— de, in the form or manner of.


H
habilidoso, -a (Sp. A.), accomplished, clever.
habitador, -a, inhabitant, dweller.
habla, f., speech, idiom, language.
hablantín, -ina, a talkative person; chatterbox.
hacia, toward(s);
—— adelante, forward;
—— acá, hither, hitherward;
¿—— dónde? whither?
hacienda, f., landed estate;
estate, fortune, wealth;
public treasury, finances;
Ministerio de ——, Treasury Department;
(Sp. A.) cattle and sheep taken collectively.
hacha, f., torch.
hall, m. This word has become naturalized in Uruguay and Argentina where it means a large assembly room, or a vestibule or lobby.
hartura, f., satiety;
enough and to spare.
hayaca, f. (Sp. A.), sweet cake made of corn-flour, spices and sugar.
haz, m., bundle, sheaf.
hectárea, f., a measure of surface equivalent to about 2½ acres.
hectolitro, m., 100 litres. An hectoliter is a little less than 3 bushels.
helada, f., frost.
helado, -a, chilled, frozen.
helar, to chill, to freeze.
henchido, -a, increased, swollen.
henchir, to increase, to swell.
hender, to crack, to split.
henequén, m., maguey, American agave, hemp.
herencia, f., inheritance, heritage.
herir, to strike, to offend;
to wound.
hervir, to boil;
to be crowded with people.
hervoroso, -a, in a state of ebullition, fiery, ardent, impetuous.
herramienta, f., tool, instrument.
hico, m., cord or leather thong.
hielo, m., ice;
—— flotante, iceberg.
hienden, from hender.
hierro, m., iron;
—— en lingotes, pig iron;
—— forjado or batido, wrought iron;
—— colado, cast iron.
higo, m., fig.
higuera, f., fig-tree.
hijo, m., son;
—— del país, see criollo.
hilar, to spin.
hilera, f., row, line.
hipódromo, m., an enclosure devoted to horseracing;
race-track.
hipoteca, f., mortgage.
hiriendo, from herir.
hocico, m., snout or muzzle of a beast.
hogar, m., home;
the fireside, the hearth.
hojalatero, m., tinsmith.
holganza, f., diversion, recreation, amusement, ease.
holgorio, m., mirth, jollity, noisy merriment.
hollar, to tread upon.
hondonada, f., canyon, ravine, bottom of a steep place.
hora, f., hour, time;
a la ——, on time, in the nick of time;
en —— mala, fatal moment;
en —— buena, the propitious moment.
horcón, m., a forked stick or branch.
horizonte, m., cardinal points;
horizon.
hormiguero, m., ant-hill.
hornero, m., baker;
oven-bird.
hostigado, -a, harassed, galled, pursued;
bored.
hostigar, to lash, to scourge, to harass.
hoy, to-day;
—— día or —— en día or —— en el día, nowadays;
—— por ——, to-day at least.
huachinango, m. (Sp. A.), red snapper, a sea-fish abundant in West
Indian waters and the Gulf of Mexico.
huaso, m. (Sp. A.), Chilian peasant.
hueso, m., bone;
pit or stone (of a fruit).
hular, m. (Sp. A.), a forest or plantation of rubber trees.
hule, m. (Sp. A.), rubber, rubber tree.
¡hum! an exclamation of surprise or doubt.
humear, to emit smoke or steam.
humita, f. (Sp. A.), small cake or croquette of grated sweet corn and sugar.
hurtadillas, a ——, slyly, artfully, in a furtive manner.
husmear, to scent, to inspect curiously;
to pry.
huso, m., spindle.


I
ijar, m., flank (of an animal).
iluminado, -a, enlightened, inspired.
ilustración, f., illustration;
education.
impartir, to grant, to give, to impart.
impecable, impeccable, faultless.
impericia, f., lack of knowledge or experience.
imponderable, inexpressible, unutterable.
imponerse, refl., to prevail, to become dominant, to impose.
impreso, -a, printed, stamped;
movimiento ——, transmitted motion.
imprimir, to print, to stamp.
improviso, de ——, unexpectedly, suddenly.
impuesto, m., tax, impost, duty.
impuesto, -a, imposed, informed.
Inca, m., a race of Indians dominant in Perú in the 15th and 16th centuries.
incólume, unharmed, safe, sound.
incómodo, -a, uncomfortable.
inconfundible, unmistakable.
incorporar, to embody.
indagar, to investigate, to ascertain the facts.
indeciso, -a, irresolute, hesitating.
indiano, -a, native or resident of the Spanish West Indies.
indicio, m., mark, sign, token, indication.
indómito, -a, untamed, ungovernable, wild.
indumentaria, f., relating to wearing apparel in general.
ineludible, unavoidable, inevitable.
infamar, to defame, to besmirch.
ingenio, m., genius, mental power;
—— de azúcar, sugar-mill.
ingenioso, -a, endowed with genius;
clever, inventive.
ingénitamente, instinctively.
ingente, large, huge, numerous.
ingrato, -a, unpleasant, ungrateful;
ingrate.
ingresar, to enter.
inhabilitar, to render unfit, to disqualify.
iniciador, -a, initiator, founder, original.
innegable, undeniable, indisputable.
inofensivo, -a, inoffensive, harmless.
inolvidable, unforgetable.
insólito, -a, unusual, unaccustomed.
inspirar, to inspire, to arouse;
—— confianza, to inspire confidence.
inspiratriz, f., one who inspires.
insulso, -a, insipid, tasteless;
dull.
intachable, spotless, blameless.
inteligente, m., talented, skillful, intelligent, clever.
intemperie, f., rough weather;
a la ——, open air.
intentar, to try, to attempt, to endeavor.
intento, m., purpose;
de ——, on purpose.
intercambio, m., foreign commerce;
exchange.
intermedio, m., interval;
intervention, good offices of, through;
por —— de, through.
interponerse, refl., to go between, to interpose one’s self.
intimidad, f., intimacy;
familiarity or close connection.
íntimo, -a, intimate, familiar, near.
intrépido, -a, brave, intrepid, daring.
intruso, -a, intrusive;
pushing, intruder.
inundación, f., flood, inundation.
inusitado, -a, unusual.
invendible, unsalable.
inversa, inverse;
a la ——, on the contrary, conversely.
investir, to invest, to lay out money.
invierno, m., winter;
(Sp. A.) rainy season (really the summer).
inyectado, -a, bloodshot.


J
jaca, f., nag, pony.
jactancia, f., boastfulness;
ostentation.
jadear, to pant.
jarabe, m., sirup, sugar-cane juice after boiling;
—— tapatío, a popular Mexican dance.
jarano, m., a wide-brimmed hat.
jarrazo, m., blow given with a pitcher.
jarro, m., pitcher, jug.
jazmín, m., jasmine.
jebe, m. (Sp. A.), rubber.
jefe, m., chief;
—— de cuadrilla, foreman of a gang;
—— de estación, station master;
—— de oficina, manageror chief clerk.
jerga, f., jargon, vernacular.
jíbaro, m., palm hat worn by laborers in the Antilles.
jilguero, m., linnet.
jinete, -a, rider.
jipi, f., short for jipijapa;
see jipijapa.
jipijapa, f., a kind of Panama hat;
a weaving pattern.
jornal, m., work by the day, a day’s work.
jubre, f., grease in wool in its natural state;
lanolin.
Judío, -a, Jew; Jewess.
juego, m., set, game;