157. Pliny, xxx. 4; Holland, ii. 377. E.

158. Med. Dict.

159. Ibid.

160. Peruvians travel by the light of the Cucujus Peruvianus.—See Kirby’s Wond. Museum, ii. 151.

161. Hist. of West Indies, p. 274.

162. Baird’s Cyclop. of Nat. Sci.

163. Stedm. Surinam, i. 140.

164. Cuvier, An. King.—Ins., i. 321.

165. Conq. of Mex., i. 327.

166. Hist. of New Swed., p. 162.

167. Theatr. Insect., p. 112.

168. Hist. of Amer., p. 378.

169. Walton, Pres. St. of Span. Col., i. 128.

170. Humboldt’s Cuba, p. 395.

171. Saturday Mag., ix. 229.

172. Theatr. Ins., p. 111. Topsel’s Hist. of Beasts, p. 977.

173. Tour on the Continent, 2d. Edit., iii. 85.

174. Browne’s Vulg. Err., B. iii. c. 17. Works, ii. 531.

175. Kirb. and Sp. Introd., i. 317.

176. Tour on Continent, iii. 85. 2d Edit.

177. Med. Dict.

178. Harris’ Col. of Voy. and Trav., ii. 688.

179. Harris, Farm Insects, p. 372.

180. This insect has received its English names, of Mole-cricket and Earth-crab, from its burrowing like a mole, and some species of W. Indian crabs; and, from its supposed jarring song at night, it is also called Eve-churr, Churr-worm, and Jarr-worm.—Ibid.

181. Moufet, Theatr. Ins., p. 110. Topsel’s Hist. of Beasts, p. 977.

182. Cuvier, An. King.—Ins., i. 382.

183. Cf. Works, ii. 375.

184. Johnson’s Eng. Dict.

185. 4th Past., 1. 101.

186. In Kirby’s Wonderful Museum, ii. 309, there is an article on the Death-watch, headed “A curious Description and Explanation of the Death-watch, so commonly listened to with such dread.”

187. Harper’s Mag., xxiii. 775.

188. Shaw, Zool., vi. 34. Nat. Misc., iii. 104.

189. Brand’s Pop. Antiq., iii. 226–7.

190. Horne’s Introd. to Bibliog., i. 311.

191. Wilhelm’s Recr. from Nat. Hist., quot. by Latrielle, Hist. Nat., ix. 194. Quot. by Kirb. and Sp. Introd., i. 213. Carpenter, Zool., ii. 133.

192. Brookes informs us that Dr. Greenfield, a practitioner in London, was sent to Newgate, by the college, for having given Cantharides inwardly. This happened in the year 1698; but he was soon after released, by a superior authority, when he published a work upon the good effects of these insects taken inwardly for strangury, and other disorders of the kidneys and bladder. We are also told by Ambrose Parry, that a courtezan, having invited a young man to supper, had seasoned some of the dishes with the powder of Cantharides, which the very next day produced such an effect, that he died with an evacuation of blood, which the physicians were not able to stop. Many other instances might be brought, continues Brookes, of persons that have been either killed, or brought to death’s door, by a wanton use of these Flies, which had been given them privately, with a design to cause love. Some go so far as to affirm, that people have been thrown into a fever, only by sleeping under trees on which were a great number of Cantharides; and Mr. Boyle informs us, after authors worthy of credit, that some persons have felt considerable pains about the neck of the bladder, only by holding Cantharides in their hands.—Nat. Hist. of Ins., p. 50–1.

193. Pliny, Nat. Hist., xxix. 30.

194. Asiatic Res., v. 213.

195. Baird’s Cyclop. of Nat. Sci.

196. Med. Dict.

197. Cuvier, An. King.—Ins., i. 569.

198. Pliny, Nat. Hist., xxix. 30.

199. Sloane, Hist. of Jamaica, ii. 206.

200. Owen’s Geoponika, ii. 156.

201. Nat. Hist. of Ins., p. 49.

202. Cuvier, An. Kingd.—Ins., i. 569.

203. Linn. Faun. Suec., p. 822.

204. Lane’s Mod. Egypt., i. 237, ii. 275.

205. Cuvier, An. King.—Ins., i. 568.

206. Pinkerton’s Voy. and Trav., x. 190.

207. Pliny, Nat. Hist., xxix. 6. Holl., p. 370.

208. Trans. of Assoc. Phys. in Ireland, iv., vii., and v., p. 177, 8vo., Dublin, 1824–8.

209. In Kirby’s Wonderful Museum, iv. 360, there are several instances of living insects being found in the human stomach, quite as extraordinary as the above.

210. The Mirror, xxviii. 304.

211. Hist. of Brazil, p. 346.

212. Jamieson gives Grou-grou as a Scottish name for the Corn-grub.—Scot. Dict., iii. 516.

213. Shaw, Zool., vi. 62. Cuvier, An. Kingd.—Ins., ii. 80.

214. Stedm. Surinam, ii. 23.

215. Ibid., ii. 115.

216. Acct. of the Sierra Leone Africans, i. 314, note.

217. Travels, i. 410.

218. Gummila, i. 9. See also Southey’s Hist. of Brazil, i. 110.

219. Hist. of Barbados, p. 646.

220. Entretenimiento, vi. § 11.

221. Canto iii.

222. Sketches of Java, 310.

223. Ælian, Hist. L. xiv. c. 13.

224. Simmond’s Curiosities of Food, p. 313.

225. Travels and Researches in S. Africa, p. 389.

226. Monthly Mag. ii. (Pt. II.) 792, for 1796.

227. Book of Days, i.

228. Theatr. Ins., p. 151. Topsel’s Hist. of Beasts, p. 1007.

229. The Mirror, xxxiii. 202, note.

230. Drury, Ins., i. 9 (Pref.). Shaw’s Zool., vi. 73.

231. Shaw’s Zool., vi. 71–2. Merian, Ins. Sur., 24.

232. Hist. of Jamaica, ii. 193–4.

233. St. Pierre, Voy., 72.

234. Smeatham, 32. Kirb. and Sp. Introd., i. 303.

235. Wonders, i. 18.

236. Curtis, Farm Ins., p. 22. Baird’s Cyclop. of Nat. Sci.

237. Owen’s Geoponika, ii. 98.

238. Probably the coriaceous tortoise, which is covered with a strong hide.

239. Paladius, B. i. c. 35.

240. Med. Dict.

241. Gent. Mag., xxv. 376.—Some authors assert that Ear-wigs are not in the least injurious to vegetation.

242. Hist. of Jam., ii. 204.

243. Med. Dict.

244. Hist. of Jam., ii. 204.

245. Baird’s Cyclop. of Nat. Sci.

246. Quot. by Samouffle, Ent. Cab., 1–3.

247. Baird’s Cyclop. of Nat. Sci.

248. Pinkerton’s Voy. and Trav., xiii. 108. A beetle, insinuating itself in the ear of Captain Speke when in Central Africa, caused him the greatest pain imaginable. It was six or seven months before all the pieces of it were extracted.—Blackwood’s Mag., Sept. 1859. Barth’s Central Africa, ii. 91, note.

249. Hone’s Every Day Book, i. 1121.

250. London Labor and London Poor, iii. 40–1.

251. Zool., vi. 118.

252. Theat. Ins., p. 983.

253. Harwood, Grec. Antiq., p. 200.

254. Chamb. Journ., xi. 362, 2d S.

255. Carpenter’s Zool., ii. 142.

256. Penny Mag., 1841, 2d S. p. 436.

257. Cuvier, An. Kingd.—Ins., ii. 190.

258. Present St. of the C. of Good Hope, i. 99–100. Astley’s Collec. of Voy. and Trav., iii. 366.

259. Astley’s Col. of Voy. and Trav., iii. 381.

260. Pres. St. of the C. of Good Hope, i. 101–2.

261. Ibid.

262. Trav., i. 150.

263. Ibid., ii. 65.

264. Quot. by Penny Mag., 1841, 2d S. p. 436.

265. Ibid.

266. Ibid.

267. Churchill’s Coll. of Voy. and Trav., ii. 23, and Pinkerton’s Voy. and Trav., xiv. 720.

268. Trav. in China, p. 159. Cf. Williams’ Middle Kingdom, i. 273.

269. Ins. Arch., 63.

270. This superstition I have found in no other place.

271. Harper’s New Monthly Mag., xxiv. 491, 2.

272. Donovan seems to think that Ovid’s account of the Transformation of Phaeton’s Sisters into trees, had its origin in some such idea as this.—Insects of China, p. 18, note. See also Chamb. Journal, xi. 367, 2d Ser.

273. Donovan’s Ins. of China, p. 19.

274. Smith’s Nature and Art, x. 240.

275. Amer. Phil. Trans., vol. iii. Introd.

276. Cuvier, An. Kingd.—Ins., ii. 173.

277. Nat. Hist. of Barbados, p. 90.

278. 4th Pastoral, line 102.

279. Mag-astromancers Posed and Puzzel’d, p. 181.

280. Dæmonologia, 1650, p. 59.

281. Elminth., 8vo. Lond., 1668, p. 271.

282. Nat. Hist. of Selborne, p. 255.

283. Tamar and Tavy, i. 321.

284. The Mirror, xix. 180.

285. Astrologaster, p. 45.

286. Notes and Queries, iii. 3.

287. Ibid.

288. The Mirror, xix. 180.

289. Grose, Antiq. Prov. Gloss., p. 121.

290. Il Penserosa.

291. Mouffet, Theat. Insect., p. 136.

292. Harper’s Mag., xxvi. 497.

293. Mouff. Theat. Ins., p. 136.

294. De Pauw, ii. 106.

295. Life of Amer. Ins., p. 114.

296. Earth and Animat. Nat., iv. 216.

297. Sloane’s Nat. Hist. of Jamaica, ii. 204.

298. Nat. Hist., xxx. 4. Holland, p. 378. H.

299. Ibid., xxix. 6. Holland, p. 370. K.

300. Pliny, Nat. Hist., xxix. 6. Holl., p. 371. A.

301. Med. Dict.

302. The Grasshopper, however, according to Mr. Hughes’ description, is twice as large as the cricket; it being two inches, the cricket but one inch, in length.—P. 85 and 90.

303. Nat. Hist. of Barb., p. 85.

304. Athen. Deipnos, L. 4, c. 12. The Cercope, or Monkey-grasshopper, was so called from having a long tail like a monkey, cercops.

305. Pinkert. Col. of Voy. and Trav., ix. 612.

306. Hist. of West Indies, p. 121–2.

307. Voy., ii. 239. Wanley’s Wonders, ii. 373.

308. Quoted in Simmond’s Curios. of Food, p. 304.

309. Gent. Mag., xii. 442.

310. Good, Study of Med., iv. 515.

311. Pinkerton’s Voy. and Trav., vii. 705.

312. Med. Dict.

313. Nat. Hist. of Ins., p. 67.

314. Theatr. Ins., p. 120. Topsel’s Hist. of Beasts, p. 984.

315. Exod., chap. x.

316. Of the symbolical Locusts in the Apocalypse it is said—“And the sounds of their wings was as the sound of chariots, of many horses running to battle.”—ix. 9.

317. Cf. Ex. x. 15; Jer. xlvi. 23; Judg. vi. 5, viii. 12; Nah. iii. 15.

318. Joel, ii. 2–10, 20.

319. Oros., Contra Pag., l. 5, c. 2.

320. Kirb. and Sp. Introd., i. 217; Cuv. An. Kingd.—Ins., ii. 206.

321. Mouff., Theat. Ins., p. 123.

322. Shaw, Zool., vi. 137.

323. Wonders, ii. 507.

324. Shaw, Zool., vi. 137.

325. Ibid.

326. Theatr. Insect., p. 123.

327. Cuvier, An. Kingd.—Ins., ii. 212.

328. Bingley, Anim. Biog., iii. 258.

329. Hist. of Ins. (Murray, 1838), ii. 188.

330. Nat. Hist. of Jam., quot. in Gent. Mag., xviii. 362.

331. Churchill’s Col. of Voy. and Trav., v. 33.

332. Ins. (Murray, 1838), ii. 188.

333. Ibid., ii. 197.

334. Gent. Mag., lxx. 989.

335. Phil. Trans., vol. xlvi., and Gent. Mag., xvii. 435.

336. Ibid.

337. Ins. (Murray, 1838), ii. 190.

338. Ibid., 191. Dr. Shaw says, Governors of particular provinces of the East oftentimes command a certain number of the military to take the field against armies of Locusts, with a train of artillery.—Zool., vi. 131, note.

339. Phil. Trans., vol. xlvi.

340. Cuv. An. King.—Ins., ii. 211.