883. Cf. Bochart, Hieroz., ii. 491.

884. Phil. Trans., 1763, n. 10.

885. Travels, i. 331.

Baird says, but on what authority he does not state, that Cicadas are frequently to be seen represented on the Egyptian monuments, and are said to be emblems of the ministers of religion.—Encycl. of Nat. Sci.

886. Insects of Surinam, p. 49.

887. Jaeger, Life of N. A. Ins., p. 73.

888. Ins. of China, p. 30. That the Lantern-fly emits no light, see Dict. d’Hist. Nat.; M. Richards’ statement in Encyclop., art. Fulgora; Berlin Mag., i. 153; Kirby and Spence, Introd., ii. 414, note; Jaeger, qua supra.

889. Stedman, Surinam, ii. 37.

890. Hist. of Barbados, p. 65.

891. Nat. Hist., xi. 12. Holl. Trans., i. 315. E.

892. Theoph. Hist. Plant., iii. 7, 6. Cf. Hes. Opp. et Dies, 232, seq. and Bacon, Syl. Sylvarum, 496.

893. St. John’s Anct. Greeks, ii. 299.

894. B. 3, c. xvi. p. 278. Printed 1613.

895. Nat. Hist. of Selborne, p. 366.

896. K. and S. Introd., ii. 9.

897. Reaumur, iii. xxxi. Pref.

898. Isaiah, ch. i. v. 18.

899. Ex. ch. xxvi. xxviii. xxix.

900. Diosc. iv. 48, p. 260. Pausan. B. x. p. 890.

901. Beckman’s Hist. of Inventions, ii. 163–195. Bancroft on Perm. Colors, i. 393–408.

902. Nat. Hist. of Ins., p. 77.

903. Bancroft on Permanent Colors, i. 408–9.

904. Hist. of Inventions, ii. 184.

905. Ibid., 192.

906. Shaw’s Zool., vi. 192.

907. Subst. used in Physic, p. 370.

908. Phil. Trans. for 1791.

909. Bancroft on Permanent Colors, ii. 1–59.

910. Baird’s Cyclop. of Nat. Sci.

911. Theatr. Ins., p. 270.

912. Ray, Hist. Ins., 7.

913. Hence the English word Bug-bear. In Matthew’s Bible, the passage of the Psalms (xci. 5), “Thou shalt not be afraid of the terror by night,” is rendered, “Thou shalt not nede to be afraid of any bugs by night.” Bug in this sense often occurs in Shakspeare. Winter’s Tale, A. iii. Sc. 2, 3; Henry VI., A. v. Sc. 2; Hamlet, A. v. Sc. 2.

914. Journal, xvii. 40.

915. Churchill’s Col. of Voy. and Trav., iv. 190.

916. Oriental Memoirs, i. 256.

917. Astley’s Col. of Voy. and Trav., iv. 513. Churchill’s same, i. 34.

918. Owen’s Geoponika, ii. 160.

919. Dr. James says: “Given to the number of seven, as food with beans, they help those who are afflicted with a quartan ague, if they be eaten before the accession of the fit.”—Med. Dict.

920. An excellent method, Ajasson remarks, of adding to the tortures of the patient.

921. Pliny, Nat. Hist., xxix. 17. Bostock and Riley’s Trans., v. 393.

922. Med. Dict.

923. Theatr. Ins., p. 270–1. Topsel’s Hist. of Beasts, p. 1098.

924. Owen’s Geoponika, ii. 157.

925. London Labor and the London Poor, iii. 36–9.

926. Annals of Nat. Hist. Simmond’s Curiosities of Food, p. 308–311.

927. Nature and Art, xii. 198.

928. The numerous family of Culicidæ are confounded under the common names of Gnat and Mosquito; hence many mistakes will necessarily arise.

929. Theat. Ins., p. 81. Topsel’s Hist. of Beasts, p. 952.

930. Quot. in N. & Q., ix. 303.

931. Phil. Trans., lvii. 113; Bingley’s Anim. Biog., iv. 205.

932. Germar’s Mag. der Entomol., i. 137.

933. K. & S. Introd., i. 114.

934. Phil. Trans., lvii. 112–3.

935. Mag. of Nat. Hist., vi. 545.

936. Hist. of Barbados, p. 63.

937. Theatr. Ins., p. 86. Topsel’s Hist. of Beasts, p. 956.

938. Silliman’s Journal, xxii. 375.

939. Personal Narrative, E. T. v. 87. Humboldt has given a detailed account of these insect plagues, by which it appears that among them there are diurnal and crepuscular, as well as nocturnal species, or genera: the Mosquitoes, signifying little flies (Simulia), flying in the day; the Temporaneros, flying during twilight; and the Zancudos, meaning long-legs (Culices), in the night.

940. Stedm. Surinam, ii. 93.

941. Ins. Theatr., p. 82.

942. Travels, 8vo. edit. p. 205.

943. Ins. Theatr., p. 81.

944. View of Jamaica, p. 91.

945. Herod. Taylor’s Trans., p. 141.

946. Nat. Hist. of Ceylon, p. 435.

947. Jackson’s Morocco, p. 57.

948. Travels, i. 388.

949. Ins. Theatr., p. 85.

950. Theod. Eccles. Hist., B. ii. ch. xxx.

951. N. A. Ins., p. 317.

952. Roman History, B. xviii. c. 7, § 5.

953. Three Years in California, p. 250.

954. Introd., i. 119.

955. Owen’s Geoponika, ii. 150.

956. Lives of the Saints, i. 50.

957. Lawson’s Bible Cyclop., ii. 558, 3 v. 8vo.

958. Kirb. and Sp. Introd., ii. 8.

959. Gent. Mag., 1738, viii. 577.

960. Ibid., xxiv. 274.

961. Travels, ii. 5; 34–5; 51. Lond. 1802. 4to.

962. Lach. Lapp., ii. 108. Flor. Lapp., 380.

963. V. vi. p. 603–4.

964. V. ix. p. 573.

965. Lyell’s Princ. of Geol., p. 656.

966. Southey’s Com. Place Bk., 1st S. p. 567.

967. Mag. of Nat. Hist., v. 302.

968. The Mirror, xxvii. 68.

969. Damp. Voy. O (vol. i.), 464.

970. Travels, i. 211.

971. Moufet’s Theat. Ins., p. 78.

972. Owen’s Geoponika, ii. 152.

973. Nat. Hist., x. 29. Holland, p. 285. D.

974. Holl. Trans., p. 631.

Vide Pierius’ Hieroglyph., p. 268–9. Importunitas ac impudentia; Pertinacia; Res gesta cominus; Indocilitas; Cynici.

975. Theatr. Ins., p. 70. Topsel’s Hist. of Beasts, p. 945.

976. Brand’s Pop. Antiq., iii. 134.

977. Chron. of Eng., iii. 1002.

978. N. and Q., xii. 488.

979. Theatr. Ins., p. 70. Topsel’s Hist. of Beasts, p. 944.

980. Ibid., p. 55. Topsel, p. 933.

981. Brand’s Pop. Antiq., iii. 191.

982. Brand’s Pop. Antiq., i. 84.

983. Holl. Trans., p. 76. There was one time a law at Athens, which a good deal nonplussed these sponging gentlemen so appropriately called Flies. “It was decreed that not more than thirty persons should meet at a marriage feast; and a wealthy citizen, desirous of going as far as the law would allow him, had invited the full complement. An honest Fly, however, who respected no law that interfered with his stomach; contrived to introduce himself, and took his station at the lower end of the table. Presently the magistrate appointed for the purpose entered, and espying his man at a glance, began counting the guests, commencing on the other side and ending with the parasite. ‘Friend,’ said he, ‘you must retire. I find there is one more than the law allows.’ ‘It is quite a mistake, sir,’ replied the Fly, ‘as you will find if you will have the goodness to count again, beginning on this side.’”—St. John’s Man. and Cust. of Anct. Grec., ii. 172.

984. Vide Mercator, A. ii. Sc. 4, and the Young Carthag., A. iii. Sc. 3.

985. Harleian Miscel., viii. 423.

986. Fosbr. Encycl. of Antiq., ii. 738.

987. Ibid.

988. Wilkinson’s Anct. Egypt., 2d S. ii. 126, 260.

989. Hawk’s Peruvian Antiq., p. 197.

990. Jamieson’s Scottish Dict.

991. Nat. Hist., xxix. 6. Holl. Trans., p. 364. K.

992. Antiq. of the Jews, B. ix. c. 2. Whiston’s Trans., p. 274.

993. Pilg., v. 81. Fol. 1626.

994. Whiston’s Trans. of Josephus, p. 274, note.

995. Dict. of Bible.

996. Moufet, Theatr. Ins., p. 79. Topsel’s Transl., p. 951.

997. Dalyell’s Darker Superst. of Scotland, p. 562. Edinbgh. 1834.

998. Ibid.

999. St. John’s Man. and Cust. of Anct. Grec., i. 150.

1000. Wanley’s Wonders, i. 377.

1001. Mem. of Robt. Houdin, p. 156. Philad. 1859.

1002. Nat. Hist., xxix. 6. Holland’s Trans., p. 364. I.

1003. Ibid., xxviii. 2 (5).

1004. Voy., C. 56, p. 222. Wanley’s Wonders, ii. 373.

1005. Theatr. Ins., p. 79. Topsel’s Hist. of Beasts, p. 951.

1006. London Lab. and London Poor, iii. 28–33.

1007. Kirb. and Sp. Introd., i. 158.

1008. Theatr. Ins., p. 284. Topsel’s Hist. of Beasts, p. 1107, 1122.

1009. Kirby and Spence, Introd., i. 158.

1010. Gasterophilus equi.

1011. Reg. Scot’s Disc. of Witchcraft, p. 179.

1012. Henry IV., Pt. I. Act ii. Sc. 1.

1013. Newell’s Zool. of the Poets, p. 29.

1014. Dalyell’s Superstitions of Scotland, p. 564.

1015. Saturday Mag., xviii. 153.

1016. Hist. of Ins. (Murray, 1838), ii. 313.

1017. Henry IV. Pt. I., Act ii. Sc. 1.

1018. Moufet, Theatr. Ins., p. 276. Topsel’s Hist. of Beasts, p. 1102.

1019. Hist. of Ins. (Murray, 1838), ii. 312.

1020. Jenkin’s Voy. of the U. S. Explor. Exped., p. 385.

1021. Introd., i. 100.

1022. Ibid.

1023. Ray, Hist. of Ins., p. 8.

1024. Pilgr., iii. 997.

Myas, a principal city of Ionia, was abandoned on account of Fleas.—Wanley’s Wonders, ii. 507.

1025. K. and S. Introd., i. 100.

1026. Travels, vol. ii.

1027. Nat. Hist., xxx. 10. Holl. Trans., p. 387.

1028. Brand’s Pop. Antiq., ii. 198.

1029. K. and S. Introd., i. 101.

1030. Lach. Lapp., ii. 32, note.

1031. Hist. of Ins., iii. 319, Murray, 1838.

1032. Owen’s Geoponika, ii. 155–6.

1033. Theatr. Ins., p. 277. Topsel’s Hist. of Beasts, p. 1103.

1034. Hist. of Ins., ii. 318. Murray, 1838.

1035. Theatr. Ins., p. 102.

1036. Ramsay’s Poems, ii. 143.

1037. Theatre of Insects, p. 102.

1038. Brookes’ Nat. Hist. of Ins., p. 284.

1039. Brand’s Pop. Antiq., iii. 204.

1040. Southey’s Com. Place Bk., 2d S. p. 406.

1041. Fosbr. Encycl. of Antiq., ii. 539.

1042. Southey’s Com. Place Bk., 4th S. p. 470.

1043. Pilgr., x. 192.

1044. Aristoph. Clouds, A. i. Sc. 2.

1045. Pilg., ii. 840, note.

1046. Ins. Theatr., p. 275.

1047. Anim. Biog., iii. 462.

The hand-bill, published by Mr. Boverick, in the Strand, in the year 1745, and another nearly of the same date, ran thus: “To be seen at Mr. Boverick’s, Watchmaker, at the Dial, facing Old Round Court, near the New Exchange, in the Strand, at One Shilling each person.” Then follows a descriptive list of the articles to be seen, among which are mentioned the above.—Kirby’s Wonderful Museum, i. 101.

1048. Ins. Misc., p. 188.

1049. Nouv. Dict. d’Hist. Nat., xxviii. 249.

1050. Pilg., ii. 840.

1051. 1 Saml. xxiv. 14; xxvi. 20.

1052. Hist. of Ins., p. 310.

1053. Wright’s Provincial Dict.

1054. Jamieson’s Scottish Dict.

1055. D’Israeli, Curios, of Lit., i. 339.

1056. Gent. Mag., xxxii. 208.

1057. Stedman’s Surinam.

1058. Hist. of Barbados, p. 65.

1059. Hist. of Brazil, i. 326.

1060. Vol. i. p. 128.

1061. Pers. Narrative, E. T. v. 101.

1062. Bayle, iii. 484. Southey’s Com. Place Bk., 4th S. p. 439.

1063. Bernal Diaz’ Conquest of Mexico, i. 394, note 54. This story, no doubt, is founded on something like truth, and most probably these bags were filled with the Coccus cacti, the Cochineal insect, then unknown to the Spaniards, who might have easily mistaken them in a dried state for Lice.