[163] 3 Pradier-Fodéré, 1648-1653.
[164] U. S. Rev. Sts., § 1994; 1 Gould and Tucker, 479; 2 ibid., 178.
[165] 3 Pradier-Fodéré, 1656 ff.
[166] Constitution of U. S., Art. I., § 8.
[167] U. S. Rev. Sts., §§ 2165-2174; 1 Gould and Tucker, 513; 2 ibid., 202.
[168] 2 Pradier-Fodéré, 863; 3 ibid., 1671 ff.
[169] Treaties of U. S., 1262; 2 Whart., § 181.
[170] Hall, § 71, p. 240 ff.
[171] 2 Whart., § 175, Frelinghuysen to Wallace, March 25, 1887.
[172] 2 Whart., § 175, Bayard to Williams, Oct. 29, 1885.
[173] 2 Whart., § 193, Marcy to Seibels, May 27, 1854.
[174] 2 Whart., § 193, Marcy to Fay, May 27, 1854.
[175] 2 Whart., § 198, Marcy to Hüselmann, Sept. 26, 1853.
[176] 6 Messages and Papers of President, 168.
[177] Bonfils, 337.
[178] § 48, p. 173.
[179] Snow's "Cases," 72 ff., for this and other cases.
[180] Snow's "Cases," 82, Rothschild v. Queen of Portugal; Bynkershoek, "De Foro Legatorum," C. XVI.
[182] Exchange v. M'Faddon, 7 Cr., 116, 139.
[183] "International Law," Naval War Col., 2d ed., p. 23.
[184] Hall, § 55.
[185] Snow's "Cases," p. 114.
[186] § 55, p. 205.
[187] 1 Whart., § 125.
[188] By treaties with Japan, going into effect 1899, such courts were abolished in that empire. 29 U. S. Sts. at Large, 848.
[189] 1 U. S. Rev. Sts., §§ 4083-4130; 1 Gould and Tucker, 770-772; 2 ibid., 503; Treaties of U. S., 1279, 1288; 1 Whart., § 125.
[190] Proclamation of March 27, 1876; 19 U. S. Sts. at Large, 662.
[191] "The surrender of fugitives from justice is a matter of conventional arrangement between states, as no such obligation is imposed by the law of nations." In the Matter of Metzger, 5 How. 176, 188.
[192] 2 Whart., § 268.
[193] Snow's "Cases," 151 ff.; Treaties of U. S., 1289-1293.
[194] I. Moore, "Extradition," 156.
[195] 26 U. S. Sts. at Large, 1508; Snow's "Cases," 151 et seq.; 2 Whart., § 270; 1 Moore, "Extradition," 196 ff.; Treaties of U. S., 1289 et seq.; 1 Gould and Tucker, 987.
[196] Treaties of U. S., 437 and 1289-1293; 26 U. S. Sts. at Large, 1510; U. S. Rev. Sts., §§ 5270-5280; 1 Gould and Tucker, 979-989; 2 Whart., §§ 274-280.
[197] In case of Chesapeake, 1863, the consul acted as agent. Wheat., D., § 428, note 207; 3 Pradier-Fodéré, 1876.
[198] 3 Pradier-Fodéré, 1877.
[199] "Annuaire de l'Institut de droit international," 1881-1882, p. 128.
[200] IV. Hertslet, 2783.
[201] Ibid.
[202] For the general question, see 2 Pradier-Fodéré, 834, 845.
[203] § 43, p. 167.
[204] U. S. Chinese Exclusion Act, 1882, 1 Gould and Tucker, 502 et seq.; 2 ibid., 193 et seq.
[205] Digest, LVII., 17.
[206] 3 Pradier-Fodéré, 1233.
[207] Nys, "Les Origines du Droit International," 297.
[208] Walton, "Life of Wotton," 155.
[209] Calvo, § 1311 ff.
[210] I. Hertslet, 62, 63.
[211] I. Hertslet, 575. These rules have been adopted by the U. S. Department of State.
[212] Calvo, § 1328 ff.
[213] March 1, 1893, 27 U. S. Sts. at Large, c. 182.
[214] 1 Whart., §§ 82, 82 a, 83.
[215] "The American Passport," U. S. Dept. State, 1898, p. 7.
[216] Wicquefort, "The Embassador and his Functions," Digby's translation, Ch. XXII., p. 201.
[217] "Droit des gens," Liv. IV., Ch. VI.
[218] Calvo, § 1328 ff.
[219] Lehr, "Manuel des Agents Diplomatiques," § 367 ff.
[220] The Department of State instructs the representatives of the United States to follow this practice.
[221] U.S. Rev. Sts., § 2000.
[222] U.S. Rev. Sts., § 4075.
[223] Till the reign of Louis XIV., Latin was the language of diplomacy; from that time, French became more and more used. Since the Congress of Vienna, 1815, any language may be used without offense, Art. 120.
[224] 22 U. S. Sts. at Large, 216, § 5.
[225] U. S. Rev. Sts., § 1750; 1 Gould and Tucker, 446; 2 ibid., 158.
[226] Hall, § 53, n. 1., p. 192.
[227] 16 Ann. Cycl., 833.
[228] 1 Whart., § 84.
[229] "Droit Int.," § 1481, ff.
[230] Lehr, "Manuel," §§ 988-998.
[231] Despagnet, "Droit international public," 2d ed., § 235; Heffter, § 204.
[232] Grotius, "De Jure Belli," II., 18.
[233] § 50.
[234] U. S. Rev. Sts., §§ 4063, 4064; Wheat., D., 308-310.
[235] Instructions to Diplomatic Officers, § 47.
[236] 1 Whart., § 98.
[237] Ibid.
[238] De Martens, "Causes Cél.," I., 174.
[239] Instructions to Diplomatic Officers, 1897, § 50.
[240] Hall, § 52, p. 189.
[241] See the "Right of Asylum in the Legations of the United States in Central and South America," by Barry Gilbert, in Harvard Law Review for June, 1901, p. 118.
[242] U. S. Constitution, Art. III., § 2, 2.
[243] U. S. Constitution, Art. I., § 9, 8.
[244] 1 Whart., § 100.
[245] 1 Whart., § 105.
[246] Instructions to Diplomatic Officers, U. S., 1897, §§ 68, 69.
[247] U. S. Rev. Sts., § 1751.
[248] 1 Whart., § 99.
[249] 1 Whart., § 102.
[250] U. S. Rev. Sts., § 1226.
[251] Ibid., § 1688.
[252] Schuyler, "Amer. Dip.," 144.
[253] Instructions to Diplomatic Officers, U. S., § 67.
[254] U. S. Rev. Sts., §§ 1674-1752; 1 Gould and Tucker, 439-447; 2 ibid. 155-158.
[255] Nys, "Les origines du droit international," "Le Commerce," p. 286.
[256] Lawrence, "Commentaire sur Wheaton," IV., p. 6.
[257] Consular Regulations, 1896, 1.
[258] U. S. Rev. Sts., § 1674.
[259] U. S. Rev. Sts., § 1674.
[260] § 105, p. 331.
[261] See Treaties: United States and Colombia (New Granada), 1850; United States and France, 1853; United States and Austria, 1870; United States and Germany, 1871; Austria and Portugal, 1873; Germany and Russia, 1874; France and Russia, 1874; United States and Italy, 1878; Portugal and Belgium, 1880; United States and Roumania, 1881; United States and Congo Free State, 1891, and others.
[262] 29 U. S. Sts. at Large, 848.
[264] U. S. Treaty with Borneo, June 23, 1850, Art. IX., Treaties of U. S., 102.
[265] U. S. Treaty with China, Nov. 17, 1880, Art. IV., Treaties in Force, 120.
[266] Hall, § 105 note, p. 338.
[267] Lehr, § 1236 ff.
[268] "De Clercq et de Vallat," I., pp. 106, 107.
[269] § 244.
[270] For various protocols, see Treaties of U. S., 824, 1148; 30 U. S. Sts. at Large, 1593; ibid., 1596. For the recent protocol between the United States and Spain as to terms of peace, see 30 U. S. Sts. at Large, 1742.
[271] Wheat., D., §§ 254, 344.
[272] The Holy Alliance of 1815 was signed by three sovereigns.
[274] The Declaration of Paris, 1856.
[275] 17 U. S. Sts. at Large, 863; Treaties of U. S., 478.
[276] Art. II., § 2, 2.
[277] Calvo, §§ 643-668.
[278] Grotius, II., 16; Vattel, II., 17. The rules of Vattel are briefly and well stated by Baker, "First Steps in International Law," 1899, p. 105.
[279] For the subject of interpretation, see Hall, §§ 111, 112, p. 350 ff.; 2 Phillimore, Pt. V., Ch. VIII.; Calvo, §§ 1649-1650; Pradier-Fodéré, §§ 1171-1188.
[280] For discussion of the "most favored nation" clause, see 2 Whart., § 134, also Appendix to Vol. III., p. 888.
[281] § 116, p. 367.
[282] See Holls's "Hague Peace Conference," 176 et seq.
[283] See, on this entire subject, Moore's "International Arbitration"; Holls's "Hague Peace Conference," 176-305; Cushing's "Treaty of Washington."
[284] 3 Phillimore, 21, 22.
[285] Pradier-Fodéré, 2634-2636.
[287] 30 U. S. Sts. at Large, 1770.
[288] Proclamations and Decrees, p. 93.
[289] Parl. Papers, Greece, No. 4, 1886.
[290] The London Gazette, March 19, 1897.
[291] U. S. For. Rel., 1897, p. 255.
[292] "De Jure Belli," I., II., "Bellum est publicorum armorum justa contentio;" Instr. U. S. Armies, § 20.
[293] Halleck, Ch. XIV.; Calvo, § 1866 ff.
[294] 30 U. S. Sts. at Large, 1769, 1776.
[295] Takahashi, 42 et seq.
[296] Prize Cases, 2 Black, U. S. 635.
[297] Takahashi, 38 et seq.
[298] Calvo, § 1910.
[299] 30 U. S. Sts. at Large, 364.
[300] The French declaration of war against Prussia in 1870 is given in 2 Lorrimer, 443.
[306] "De Jure Belli," III., ix., 4.
[307] "De Jure et Officiis Bellicis," l., v., 25.
[308] 4 Ellis and Blackburn's Reports, 217.
[310] Holls, "Hague Peace Conference," 451.
[312] 8 Cr., 110.
[313] See Index U. S. Treaties, "Reciprocal Privileges of Citizens."
[314] Holls, "Hague Peace Conference," 447.
[316] Lawrence, § 198.
[317] 3 Whart., § 339.
[322] Proclamation of April 26, 1898.
[323] Decree of April 23, 1898.