Battle, annual, among boys in Tumleo, 143

Bavaria, mode of reckoning the Twelve Days in, 327

——, Rhenish, 56

Bavarian cure for fever, 49

Bawenda, the, 30 n. 2

Bean, the King of the, 313 sqq.;

the Queen of the, 313, 315

—— clan, the, 27

Beans thrown about the house at the expulsion of demons, 143 sq.;

thrown about the house at the expulsion of ghosts, 155

“Beardless One, the Ride of the,” 402 sq.

Beating as a mode of purification, 262

—— human scapegoats, 196, 252, 255, 256 sq., 272 sq.

—— people as a mode of conveying good qualities, 262 sqq.;

with skins of sacrificial victims, 265;

with green boughs, 270 sqq.

—— persons, animals, or things to deliver them from demons and ghosts, 259 sqq.

Beating the air to drive away demons or [pg 428] ghosts, 109, 111, 115, 122, 131, 152, 156, 234

Beauce and Perche, in France, 57, 62

Beauvais, the Festival of Fools at, 335 sq.

Bechuana king, cure of, 31 sq.

Bedriacum, the battle of, 416

Befana at Rome and elsewhere, 167

Behar, 37 n. 4

Bekes, in Hungary, mode of fertilizing women in, 264

Bel, a Babylonian deity, 389

Belethus, J., 270 n.

Belgium, the King of the Bean in, 313

Bella Coola Indians of N. W. America, their masked dances, 376 n. 2

Bells on animal used as scapegoat, 37;

rung to expel demons, 117;

rung as a protection against witches, 157, 158, 159, 161, 165, 166;

used in the expulsion of evils, 196, 200;

used at the expulsion of demons, 214, 246 sq., 251;

worn by dancers, 242, 243, 246 sqq., 250 sq.;

rung to make grass and flax grow, 247 sq.;

golden, worn by human representatives of gods in Mexico, 278, 280, 284

Benin, time of the “grand devils” in, 131 sq.

Bergell in the Grisons, 247

Berkhampstead, cure for ague in, 57 sq.

Berosus, Babylonian historian, 355, 358, 359

Besisi of the Malay Peninsula, their carnival at rice-harvest, 226 n. 1

Bethlehem, the star of, 330

Bevan, Professor A. A., 367 n. 2

Beverley minster, the Boy Bishop at, 337

Bhars of India, 190

Bhootan, cairns in, 26

Bhotiyas of Juhar, their use of a scapegoat, 209

Biajas of Borneo, their expulsion of evils, 200

Biggar, “Burning out the Old Year” at, 165

Bikol, in Luzon, 260

Bilaspur, 44

Bilda in Algeria, 60

Birch, sprigs of, a protection against witches, 162;

used to beat people with at Easter and Christmas, 269, 270

—— -trees in popular cure for gout, 56 sq.

Bird-chief of the Sea Dyaks, 383, 384

Birds as scapegoats, 35 sq., 51 sq.

Bishop, the Boy, on Holy Innocents' Day, 336 sqq.

—— of Innocents, 333

Bishop, Mrs., quoted, 99 sq.

Bismarck Archipelago, the Melanesians of the, their belief in demons, 83

Bithynia and Pontus, rapid spread of Christianity in, 420 sq.

Biyars of N. W. India, 230 n. 7

Black animals as scapegoats, 190, 192, 193

—— god and white god among the Slavs, 92

Black and white in relation to human scapegoats, 220, 253, 257, 272

—— Mountains in S. France, 166

Blankenheim in the Eifel, the King of the Bean at, 313

Blood, fatigue let out with, 12;

of children used to knead a paste, 129;

of pigs used in purificatory rites, 262;

drawn from ears as penance, 292

Bloodless altars, 307

Blows to drive away ghosts, 260 sqq.

Boars, evil spirits transferred to, 31

Boas, Franz, quoted, 375 sq.

Bocage of Normandy, games of ball in the, 183 sq.;

mode of forecasting the weather in, 323;

Eve of Twelfth Night in the, 316 sq.

Bock, C., quoted, 97

Bogle, George, envoy to Tibet, 203

Bohemia, “Easter Smacks” in, 268, 269;

the Three Kings of Twelfth Day in, 330

——, the Germans of Western, their custom at Christmas, 270;

Twelfth Day among, 331

Bohemian cures for fever, 49, 51, 55 sq., 58, 59, 63;

remedy for jaundice, 52

Böhmerwald Mountains, 159

Bolang Mongondo in Celebes, 85 sq., 121 n. 3

Bolbe in Macedonia, lake of, 142 n. 1

Bolivia, 9;

Indians of, 26, 193

Boloki, the, of the Upper Congo, their fear of demons, 76 sq.

Bonfires, leaping over, 156;

on the Eve of Twelfth Day, 316 sqq.

Book of the Dead, the Egyptian, 103

Borneo, the Dyaks of, 14, 383;

belief in demons in, 87;

the Kayans of, 154 n., 236, 382 sq.;

sickness expelled in a ship from, 187;

the Biajas and Dusuns of, 200

Bourlet, A., quoted, 97 sqq.

Boy Bishop on Holy Innocents' Day, 336 sqq.

Brahmanism, vestiges of, under Mohammedanism, 90 n. 1

Brahmans, sacrificial custom of the, 25;

as human scapegoats, 42 sq., 44 sq.;

their theory of sacrifice, 410 sq.

Branches, fatigue transferred to, 8;

sickness transferred to, 186

Brandenburg, Mark of, cure for headache and giddiness in, 52, 53;

cure for toothache in, 60