Majes Valley, 258, 261;
west coast fault, 248-249
Geologic development. See Physiographic and geologic development
Gilbert, G. K., 300, 302, 305
Glacial deposits, 268
Glacial erosion, Central Andes, 305-313;
composite sketch of general conditions, 312;
graphic representation of amount during glacial period, 311
Glacial features, 274-313;
Arequipa (sketches), 280;
Central Ranges; lateral moraines (ill.), opp. p. 269;
eastern slopes of Cordillera Vilcapampa (map), 210
Glacial retreat, 208-214
Glacial sculpture, heart of the Cordillera Vilcapampa (map), 212;
southwestern flank of Cordillera Vilcapampa (map), 207
Glacial topography between Lambrama and Antabamba (ill.), opp. p. 280;
Maritime Cordillera, north of divide on 73d meridian (ill.), opp. p. 281
Glacial trough, view near Chuquito pass (ill.), opp. p. 208
Glaciation, 64, 271;
Sierra Nevada, 305;
Vilcapampa, 204-214;
Western Andes, 202
Glaciers, Panta Mountain (ill.), opp. p. 287;
view (ill.), opp. p. 205
Gomara, 34
Gonzales, Señor, 78
Government, bad, 95
Gran Pajonal, 37
Granite, 215-224;
see also Intrusions
Grass (ill.), opp. p. 154
Gregory, J. W., 205

Hacendado, 55, 60
Haciendas, 78, 83, 86
Hann, J., 126, 176, 278
Hendriksen, Kai, 98, 315
Hettner, 205
Hevea, 29
Highest habitations in the world, 52, 96;
regional diagram of, 50;
stone hut (ill.), opp. p. 48
Highland shepherd, 4
Highlands, 46
Hobbs, W. H., 286, 287
Horses, 66, opp. p. 91 (ill.)
Huadquiña, 70, 71, 72, 75, 82, 86, 219;
hacienda (ill.), opp. p. 73;
terraces, 272
Huadquirca, 243
Huaipo, Lake, 250, 251
Huallaga basin, 153
Huambo, 243
Huancarama, 64, 87, 189, 243, 303;
view (ill.), opp. p. 106
Huancarqui, 257
Huari, 176
Huascatay, 189, 242, 243;
Carboniferous, 244;
fossils, 322
Huasco basin, 275
Huaynacotas, 103, 316;
terraced valley slope (ill.), opp. p. 56;
terraced valley slopes (ill.), opp. p. 199
Huichihua, 278; alluvial fill (diagr.), 272;
(ill.), opp. p. 67
Human character, geographic basis, 88-109
Humboldt, 33-35, 286
Humboldt Current, 126, 143
Huts, 103;
highest in Peru (ill.), opp. p. 48;
shepherds’, 47, 48, 52, 55

Ica Valley, 120;
irrigated and irrigable land (diagr.), 118
Ice erosion. See Glacial erosion
Incahuasi, 51, 155, 285
Incas, 39, 44, 46, 62, 63, 68, 77, 109, 175
Incharate, 78
Indian boatmen, 13
Indians, as laborers, 26-28, 31-32;
basin type, 63-64;
forest, see Machigangas;
life and tastes, 107-108;
mountain, 46-67, 101-102;
plateau, 40-41, 44-45, 100, 106-109;
troops, 90, 91;
wrongs, 14, 102
Ingomwimbi, 206
Instruments, surveying, 315
Inter-Andean valleys, climate, 153-155
Intermont basin. See Basins
Intrusions, deformations north of Lambrama (diagr.), 243;
deformative effects on limestone strata near Chuquibambilla (diagr.), 221;
lower Urubamba Valley (geologic sketch map), 237;
overthrust folds in detail near Chuquibambilla (diagr.), 222;
principles, 217-219
Intrusions, Vilcapampa, deformative effects near Puquiura (diagr.), 216;
relation of granite to schist near Colpani (with diagr.), 216
Iquique, wind roses (diagrs.), 131
Irrigation, 72, 76, 80, 82;
coastal belt (map), 113;
coastal desert, 119-120;
Ica Valley (diagr.), 118
Islay, Pampa de, 114
Italians, 18, 81

Jaguey, 254, 255, 318
Jesuits, 68
Johnson, W. D., 213, 295, 296, 299, 300

Kenia, Mt., 206, 274
Kerbey, Major, 8, 10
Kibo, 206, 274
Kilimandjaro, 205, 206
Kinibalu, 206
Krüger, Herr, 157

Labor, 26-28, 31-32, 42-43, 74-75, 83-84
La Cumbre Quadrangle, 197, 202, opp. p. 202 (topog. sheet)
La Joya, 132, 133;
cloudiness (diagr.), 134;
temperature curves (diagr.), 134;
wind roses (diagrs.), 135
Lambrama, 90, 92, 285, 316;
camp near (ill.), opp. p. 6
Lambrama Quadrangle (topog. sheet), opp. p. 304
Lambrama Valley, deformation types (diagr.), 243
Land and sea, Carboniferous hypothetical distribution compared with present (diagr.), 246
Landscape, 183-198
Lanius, P. B., 13
La Paz, 93, 109, 276, 321
La Sama, 12, 13, 40
Las Lomas, 318
Lava flows, 199
Lava plateau, 197, 199, 307-308;
regional diagram of physical conditions, 55;
summit above Cotahuasi (ill.), opp. p. 204
Lavas, volume, 201
Lima, 92, 93, 118, 137, 138;
cloud, 132, 143;
temperature, 126
Limestone, sketch to show deformed, 243
Little, J. P., 135, 157
Llica, 275
Lower Cretaceous fossils, 323
Lower Devonian fossils, 321

Machigangas, 10, 11, 12, 14, 18, 19, 31, 36-45, 81;
ornaments and fabrics (ill.), opp. p. 27;
trading with (ill.), opp. p. 26
Machu Picchu, 72, 220;
weather data (with diagr.), 158-160
Madeira-Mamoré railroad, 33
Madre de Dios, 1, 2, 33
Majes River, 147, 225, 227, 266, 267;
Canyon (ill.), opp. p. 230
Majes Valley, 106, 111, 116, 117, 120, 226, 227, 229-231, 318;
alluvial fill, 273;
date of formation, 258, 261;
desert coast (ill.), opp. p. 110;
dunes, 262-267;
erosion and uplift, 261;
lower and upper sandstones (ill.), opp. p. 250;
sediments, 255;
snowline, 283;
steep walls and alluvial fill (ill.), opp. p. 230;
structural details near Aplao (sketch section), 255;
structural details on south wall near Cantas (sketch section), 257;
structural relations at Aplao (field sketch), 256;
Tertiary deposits, 253-254;
wind, 130;
view below Cantas (ill.), opp. p. 110;
view down canyon (ill.), opp. p. 144
Malaria, 14, 38
Marañon, 41, 59
Marcoy, 79
Marine terrace at Mollendo (ill.), opp. p. 226
Maritime Cordillera, 52, 199-203, 233;
asymmetry of ridges, 308-309;
glacial features, 307;
glacial topography north of divide on 73d meridian (ill.), opp. p. 281;
pre-volcanic topography, 200;
post-glacial volcano, asymmetrical (diagr.), 306;
regional diagrams, 50, 52;
test of explanation of cirques, 303;
volcanoes, tuffs, lava flows (ill.), opp. p. 204;
western border rocks (geologic section), 257;
see also Lava plateau
Matara, 99, 316
Matthes, F. E., 286, 287, 289
Mature slopes, 185-193; between Ollantaytambo and Urubamba (ill.), opp. p. 185;
dissected, north of Anta (ill.), opp. p. 185
Mawenzi, 206
Meanders, 16, 17
Médanos, 114
Mendoza, Padre, 11
Mer de Glace, 203
Meteorological records, 157-181
Mexican revolutions, 93
Middendorf, 143
Miller, General, 41, 78, 147
Minchin, 241
Misti, El, opp. p. 7 (ill.), 284
Molina, Christoval de, 175
Mollendo, 93, 105, 117;
cloud belt, 143;
cloudiness (diagr.), 134;
coastal terraces, 225;
humidity, 133;
marine terrace (ill.), opp. p. 226;
profile of coastal terraces (diagr.), 227;
temperature curves (diagr.), 134;
wind roses (diagrs.), 129
Mollendo-Arequipa railroad, 117
Mollendo rubber, 32
Montaña, 148, 149, 153
Moquegua, 117;
geologic relations (diagr.), 255
Moraines, 207, 210-211;
Choquetira Valley (ill.), opp. p. 208;
view (ill.), opp. p. 208
Morales, Señor, 11
Morococha, temperature (diagrs. of ranges), insert opp. p. 172;
weather data (with diagrs.), 171-176
Morococha Mining Co., 157, 171
Morro de Arica, 132
Moss, large ground. See Yareta
Moss-draped trees (ill.), opp. p. 24
Mountain-side trail (ill.), opp. p. 78
Mountains, tropical, as climate registers, 206
Mulanquiato, 10, 18, 19
Mule trail (ill.), opp. p. 18
Mules, 23, 24, 94, opp. p. 91 (ill.)

Névé, 286-305
Niño, El, 137-138
Nivation, 285-294;
“pocked” surface (ill.), opp. p. 286
Northeastern border, topographic and structural section (diagr.), 241

Occobamba Valley, 79
Ocean currents of adjacent waters, 121-122 (map), 123
Ollantaytambo, 70, 73, 75, 250, 271;
terraced valley floor (ill.), opp. p. 56
d’Orbigny, 322
Oruro, 93

Pabellon, 80, 82, opp. p. 150
Pacasmayo, Carboniferous land plants, 245
Pachitea, 37, 38
Pacific Ocean basin, 248
Paleozoic strata (ill.), opp. p. 198
Palma carmona, 29
Palmer, H. S., 250
Paltaybamba, opp. p. 74
Pampacolca, 109
Pampaconas, 69, 211, 213, 215;
rounded slopes near Vilcabamba (ill.), opp. p. 72;
Carboniferous, 244;
fossils, 322;
snow action, 291
Pampaconas River, 316
Pampas, 114, 198;
climate data, 134-136
Pampas, river, 189
Panta, mt., 214;
view, with glacier system (ill.), opp. p. 287
Pará rubber, 32
Pasaje, 51, 57, 59, 60, 236, 238, 240, 241, 243;
Carboniferous, 244;
crossing the Apurimac (ills.), opp. p. 91
Paschinger, 274
Pastures, 141, 187;
Alpine (ill.), opp. p. 58
Paucartambo, 42, 77
Paucartambo River. See Yavero River
Payta, 225
Penck, A., 205
Peonage, 25, 27, 28
Pereira, Señor, 10, 18
Perene, 155
Physiographic and geologic development, 233-273
Physiographic evidence, value, 193-195
Physiographic principles, 217
Physiography, 183-186;
Southern Peru, summary, 197-198
Pichu-Pichu, 284
Piedmont accumulations, 260
Pilcopata, 36
Piñi-piñi, 36
Pisco, 130;
Carboniferous land plants, 247
Piura, 119
Piura River, depth diagram, 119, 120
Piura Valley, 48
Place names, key to, 324
Plantations, 86;
see also Haciendas
Planter, coastal, 6
Planters, valley, 3, 75, 76
Plateau Indians, 40-41, 44-45, 100, 106-109
Plateaus, 196-197
Pleistocene deposits, 267-273
Pomareni, 19
Pongo de Mainique, 8, 9, 11, 15-20, 40, 71, 179, 239, 241, 242, 273;
canoe in rapid above (ill.), opp. p. 11;
Carboniferous, 244;
dugout in rapids below (ill.), opp. p. 2;
fossils, 322;
temperature curve (diagr.), 178;
upper entrance (ill.), opp. p. 10;
vegetation, clearing, and rubber station (ill.), opp. p. 2
Poopó, 195
Potato field (ill.), opp p. 67
Potatoes, 57, 59, 62
Potosí, 249
Precipitation. See Rain
Profiles, composition of slopes and profiles (diagr.), 191
Pucamoco, 78
Pucapacures, 42
Puerto Mainique, 29, 30
Punas, 6, 197
Puquiura, 67, 87, 211, 216, 236, 238, 239, 243, 277;
Carboniferous, 244;
composition of slopes (ill.), opp. p. 198
Puqura, 250

Quebradas,