1 Yule and Burnell. Hobson-Jobson.
2 Manual of the North Arcot district.
3 The bark of the āvaram plant is one of the most valuable Indian tanning agents.
4 Voyage to the East Indies, 1774 and 1781.
5 Hindu Manners, Customs and Ceremonies.
6 Manual of the Tanjore district, 1883.
7 Manual of the Madura district.
8 Monograph of Tanning and Working in Leather, 1904.
9 Pratilōma, as opposed to an anuloma union, is the marriage of a female of a higher caste with a man of a lower one.
10 Madras Census Report, 1901.
11 Madras Census Report, 1871.
12 Madras Police Gazette, 1902.
13 I. No. 4. 1908, Vellore.
14 Criminal Tribes of India, No. III, 1907.
15 Criminal Classes in the Bombay Presidency.
16 Manual of the South Canara district.
17 Manual of the South Canara district.
18 Journal Asiatic Society, XXV, 1857.
19 Journey through Mysore, Canara, and Malabar.
20 Journal Royal Asiatic Society, VIII, 1846.
21 Fauna, British India, Mammalia.
22 Cassia auriculata.
23 Marriage chaplet worn on the forehead.
24 Wrist-threads dyed with turmeric.
25 Madras Census Report, 1891.
26 Monograph, Eth. Survey of Cochin, No. 6, 1906.
27 Manual of Malabar.
28 Calcutta Review, 1900.
29 Madras Police Report, 1904.
30 Gazetteer of the Malabar district.
31 Malabar and its Folk, 1900.
32 Karunakara Menon, Madras Mus. Bull., V. 2, 1906.
33 Madras Mail, 1908.
34 S. Appadorai Iyer.
35 Calcutta Review, 1900.
36 One fanam = four annas eight pies.
37 Madras Mail, 1895.
38 Ind. Ant., VIII, 1879.
39 Native Life in Travancore.
40 A mulikka is the collective name for a present of five betel leaves, one areca nut, and two tobacco leaves.
41 Gazetteer of the Trichinopoly district.
42 Rev. H. Jensen, Classified Collection of Tamil Proverbs, 1897.
43 Madras Mail, 1904.
44 Gazetteer of the Nilgiris.