Feminine or double rimes are very common. Thus, in HF. 531-546, we have eight such rimes in succession.

§ 118. Alliteration. As our oldest poetry was alliterative, alliteration has always been considered a permissible, and indeed a favourite, ornament of English verse. I shall only remark here that Chaucer affords excellent examples of it, and employs it with much skill. One well-known passage in the Knightes Tale (A 2601-16) has often been admired on this account. It is needless to cite more examples. The reader may consult the dissertation on 'The Alliteration of Chaucer,' by C.F. M‘Clumpha; Leipzig, n. d. (about 1886).

§ 119. Chaucer's Authorities. The question as to 'The Learning of Chaucer' is so fully discussed in the second volume of Lounsbury's Studies in Chaucer, that it is unnecessary to say much here upon this subject. The reader will find, in the 'Index of Authors Quoted or Referred to' given at p. 381 below, not only a fairly complete list of such authors, but a detailed enumeration of all the quotations which, with tolerable certainty, have been traced to their origin.

In particular, we cannot but be struck by his familiarity with the Vulgate version of the Bible. He quotes it, as may be seen, very nearly three hundred times, and his quotations refer to nearly all parts of it, including the apocryphal books of Tobit, Judith, Susannah, the Maccabees, and especially Ecclesiasticus. It is somewhat remarkable that the book of the Old Testament which is quoted most frequently is not, as we might expect, the Psalms, but the Book of Proverbs, which was a mine of sententious wealth to the medieval writers. The book of the New Testament which received most of his attention was the Gospel of St. Matthew.

As regards the languages in which Chaucer was skilled, we may first of all observe that, like his contemporaries, he was totally ignorant of Greek. There are some nine or ten quotations from Plato, three from Homer, two from Aristotle, and one from Euripides; but they are all taken at second-hand, through the medium of Boethius. The sole quotation from Herodotus in the Canterbury Tales is copied from Jerome.

On the other hand, Chaucer was remarkable for his knowledge of Italian, in which it does not appear that any other English writer of his period was at all skilled. His obligations to Boccaccio are well known; the Filostrato being the principal source of the long poem of Troilus, whilst the influence of the Teseide appears not only in the Knightes Tale, but in the Parliament of Foules, in Anelida, and (to the extent of five stanzas) in Troilus. We also find a few references, as Dr. Köppell has shewn, to Boccaccio's Amorosa Visione. With Dante's Divina Commedia he seems to have been especially familiar, as he quotes from all parts of it; we may note, however, that the greatest number of quotations is taken from the Inferno; whilst the only cantos of the Paradiso which he cites are the first, the fourteenth, the twenty-second, and the thirty-third. The poem which most bears the impress of Dante is The House of Fame; in the Canterbury Tales, the principal borrowings from that author appear in the story of Ugolino (in the Monkes Tale); in some of the stanzas of the Invocation at the beginning of the Second Nonnes Tale (one of which bears a remarkable resemblance to a stanza in the Prioresses Tale^[80]); and in the very express reference which occurs in the Wife of Bath's Tale (D 1125). Chaucer's sole quotation from the Italian works of Petrarch is in Troilus, where he translates the eighty-eighth Sonnet. It must not be forgotten, at the same time, that Chaucer was further indebted to Boccaccio's Latin works, entitled De Casibus Virorum Illustrium, De Genealogia Deorum, and De Mulieribus Claris. On the other hand, Prof. Lounsbury is perfectly justified in contending that 'there is not the slightest proof that Chaucer had a knowledge of the existence' of the Decameron. Reasonable carefulness will certainly shew that he was wholly ignorant of it; and the notion that Chaucer borrowed the general plan of his Tales from that of his Italian predecessor, is wholly baseless; the plans are, in fact, more remarkable for their divergence than for their similarity. The only apparent point of contact between Chaucer and the Decameron is in the Tale of Griselda; and in this case we know clearly that it was from Petrarch's Latin version, and not from the Italian, that the story was really derived.

With Anglo-French Chaucer may well have been familiar from an early age, so that the adaptation of the Man of Lawes Tale from the Chronicle by Nicholas Trivet could not have caused him much trouble. But he was also perfectly familiar with the French of the continent, and was under great obligations to Guillaume de Lorris and Jean de Meun, and to Guillaume de Machault. He made translations of poems by Guillaume de Deguileville and Oto de Graunson. He was doubtless well acquainted with the writings of Froissart and of Eustace Deschamps. He also quotes from Jean de Vignay, and refers (once only) to the Alexandreid of Philippe Gautier de Chatillon. There is some reason to think that he consulted the Miracles de Notre Dame by Gautier de Coincy; see vol. v. 491. The Nun's Priest's Tale was derived, most likely, from the Roman de Renard, and not from Marie de France, who gives the tale in a briefer form. The Parson's Tale is from a French treatise by Frère Lorens. We may also well suppose that Chaucer had seen several of the old romances in a French form; such as the romances relating to Alexander, Arthur, Charlemagne, and Octovien; Sir Bevis, Sir Guy, Libeaus Desconus, Sir Tristram and Sir Percival; though he makes remarkably little use of such material. What was the extent of his knowledge of the Roman de Troie as written by Benoist de Sainte-More, it is not very easy to say; but he probably had read it. Several of the Canterbury Tales seem to have been derived from French Fabliaux or from Latin stories of a similar character. The Squieres Tale reminds us of the romance of Cleomades and of the Travels of Marco Polo.

But it is to Latin authors that Chaucer was, on the whole, most indebted for his quotations and illustrations; and especially to the authors of medieval times. Of the great poets of antiquity, he was not acquainted with many; but he read such as he could attain to with great diligence. His chief book was Ovid; and it is almost certain, from the freedom with which he quotes him, that he had a MS. copy of his own among his 'sixty bokes olde and newe' (Leg. G.W.; A. 273). He quotes from the Ars Amatoria, Amores, Epistolae ex Ponto, Fasti, Heroides, Metamorphoses, Remedia Amoris, and Tristia; so that he had read this author rather extensively. His next prime favourites were Vergil and Statius; and he knew something of Lucan and Claudian. We may be sure that his quotations from Horace and Juvenal were taken at second-hand; and that he had never read those authors himself. He glanced at the Prologue to the Satires of Persius, and he was acquainted with the first Elegy of Maximian. He seems to have seen a copy of Valerius Flaccus.

Of the older prose writers, he was best acquainted with the famous treatise by Boethius, and with the Somnium Scipionis of Cicero as preserved and commented on by Macrobius. He also quotes from other works by Cicero; from the work De Factis Memorabilibus by Valerius Maximus; and from some of the letters and treatises of Seneca^[81]. There is evidence of his acquaintance with Suetonius and Florus; and, possibly, with the Fables of Hyginus. I find no sure trace of his acquaintance with Orosius, or with the works of the elder Pliny. It is almost certain that he was unacquainted with Livy; the story of Lucretia is really from St. Augustine^[82] and Ovid; and that of Virginia, from Le Roman de la Rose.

As to the Latin fathers, we have the most ample evidence that Chaucer had very carefully studied the treatise of St. Jerome against Jovinian, which happens to include all that is known of the Liber Aureolus de Nuptiis by Theophrastus. How far he was really acquainted with the writings of St. Augustine and St. Bernard, we cannot very well discover. The quotations from St. Gregory, St. Basil, and others, in the Parson's Tale, are all given at second-hand.

The authors of later times whom Chaucer quotes or mentions are rather numerous; although, in many instances, he only quotes them at second-hand; as is (usually) pointed out in the Index. It may suffice to mention here some of the more important examples.

The life of St. Cecilia is from Jacobus de Voragine and Simeon Metaphrastes. The treatise by pope Innocent III. entitled De Contemptu Mundi, or otherwise, De Miseria Conditionis Humanae, was translated by our author into English verse; but only portions of it are preserved, viz. in the Man of Lawes Tale, and (adapted to the heroic measure) in the Pardoner's Tale. Alanus de Insulis wrote pieces entitled De Planctu Naturae, Anticlaudianus, and Liber Parabolarum; all of these are occasionally quoted or referred to, and the first of them clearly suggested the Parliament of Foules.

The Historia Troiae of Guido delle Colonne is made use of in Troilus and in the Legend of Good Women; and it is likely that Dares Phrygius and Dictys Cretensis were only known to Chaucer through the medium of Guido and of Benoist de Sainte-More. The Liber Consolationis et Consilii of Albertano of Brescia was most useful in supplying material for the Tale of Melibeus; which, however, was more immediately derived from the French version by Jean de Meun. Chaucer also knew something of the Liber de Amore Dei by the same author; and probably had read a third treatise of his, entitled De Arte Tacendi et Loquendi. Other books which drew his attention were the famous Gesta Romanorum; the Polycraticus of John of Salisbury; the Epistola Valerii ad Rufinum by Walter Map; the Liber Distichorum of Dionysius Cato, with the supplement entitled Facetus; and Albricus De Imaginibus Deorum. We also find casual allusions to the Aurora of Petrus de Riga; a poem by Martianus Capella; the Bestiary entitled Physiologus; the Burnellus of Nigellus Wireker; the Liber de Amore of Pamphilus Maurilianus; the Megacosmos of Bernardus Silvestris; the Nova Poetria of Geoffrey de Vinsauf; and the Speculum Historiale of Vincent of Beauvais. We need not include in the list authors such as Cassiodorus and Isidore of Seville, who are certainly quoted at second-hand. On the other hand, we must not forget the writers whom Chaucer consulted for special purposes, in connection with astrology and alchemy; such as, in the former case, Messahala, Ptolemy, Alchabitius, Almansor, Zael, and the aphorisms attributed to Hermes Trismegistus; and, in the latter case, the same Hermes, Jean de Meun, Arnoldus de Villa Nova, Senior Zadith, and others whose names do not expressly appear. Several authors are mentioned by name, with whose writings he was probably unacquainted; such as Alhazen, Averroes, Avicenna, Constantinus Afer, Dioscorides, Galen, Gatisden, Hippocrates, Rhasis, Rufus, and Vitellio; and we can see that some of these names were simply borrowed from Le Roman de la Rose. There is small reason to suppose that he knew more than the name of the huge work De Causa Dei by Thomas Bradwardine. As to Agathon, Corinnus, Lollius, and Zanzis, the suggestions already made in the notes upon the passages where these names occur contain, to the best of my belief, all that has hitherto been ascertained.

GLOSSARIAL INDEX.

The references in this index are given according to the following scheme.

Poems denoted by Arabic numerals are Minor Poems, as printed in vol. i. Thus, under 'A, prep. on,' the reference '3. 370' means Minor Poem no. 3, line 370, or l. 370 of the Book of the Duchesse. The letter 'R.' refers to the Romaunt of the Rose, Fragment A, in vol. i. pp. 93-164; the rest of the Poem, not being Chaucer's, is indexed separately. Thus 'R. 163' means l. 163 of the Romaunt.

The five books of Boethius (in vol. ii.) are denoted by B 1, B 2, B 3, B 4, B 5, respectively; and the 'prose' and 'metrical' sections are denoted by 'p' and 'm'. Thus, under 'Abaissen,' the reference 'B 4. p 7. 56' means 'Boethius, bk. iv. prose 7, line 56.' The five books of Troilus (also in vol. ii.) are denoted by T. i., T. ii., T. iii., T. iv., and T. v. Thus 'T. iii. 1233' means 'Troilus, bk. iii., line 1233.'

The House of Fame and the Legend of Good Women (in vol. iii.) are denoted by 'HF.' and 'L.' respectively. If, in the latter case, the italic letter 'a' follows the number of the line, the reference is to the earlier (or A-text) of the Prologue to the Legend. Thus 'HF. 865' means 'House of Fame, line 865.' Again, 'L. 2075' means 'Legend of Good Women, line 2075'; and 'L. 200 a' means 'Legend, &c., line 200 of the text in the upper part of the page.'

The Prologue and the two books of the Treatise on the Astrolabe (in vol. iii.) are denoted, respectively, by 'A. pr.', 'A. i.', and 'A. ii.' Thus, under 'Abate', the reference 'A. ii. 10. 8' means 'Astrolabe, bk. ii. § 10, line 8'; and 'A. pr. 10' means 'Astrolabe, prologue, line 10.'

References to the Canterbury Tales (in vol. iv.) are known by the use of the letters A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, and I, which are used to denote the various Groups into which the Tales are divided. In this case, 'A' is never followed by a full stop or by Roman numerals, as when the 'Astrolabe' is referred to; and such a reference as 'B 5,' meaning line 5 of Group B, is quite distinct from 'B 5. p 1. 1,' where 'B 5' means bk. v. of Boethius, and is invariably accompanied by the 'p' or 'm' denoting the 'prose' or 'metre.'

Summary of the contents of volumes i-iv. Vol. i. contains R. (Romaunt of the Rose), Fragment A alone being Chaucer's; and the Minor Poems, which are all numbered, viz. 1 (ABC.); 2 (Compleynte unto Pite); 3 (Book of the Duchesse); 4 (Mars); 5 (Parlement of Foules); 6 (Compleint to his Lady); 7 (Anelida); 8 (Wordes to Adam); 9 (Former Age); 10 (Fortune); 11 (Merciless Beauty); 12 (To Rosemounde); 13 (Truth); 14 (Gentilesse); 15 (Lak of Stedfastnesse); 16 (Envoy to Scogan); 17 (Envoy to Bukton); 18 (Venus); 19 (To his Purse); 20 (Proverbs); 21 (Against Women Unconstant); 22 (Amorous Complaint); 23 (Balade of Compleynt).

Vol. ii. contains B. (Boethius, in five books, viz. B 1, B 2, &c.); and T. (Troilus, in five books, viz. T. i., T. ii., &c.).

Vol. iii. contains HF. (House of Fame); L. (Legend of Good Women, with two Prologues, the older one being marked a); and A. (Astrolabe), with its pr. (prologue), and two books (i. and ii.).

Vol. iv. contains the Canterbury Tales, divided into Groups denoted by A, B, C ... F. (The Tale of Gamelyn, not being Chaucer's, is indexed separately.)

Alphabetically, the references are to A (Group A of Cant. Tales); A. (Astrolabe); B (Group B of C. T.); B 1 ... B 5 (Boethius, books 1 to 5); C, D, E, F, G, H, I (Groups C to I of C. T.); HF. (House of Fame); L. (Legend of Good Women); R. (Romaunt of the Rose); T. i. ... T. v. (Troilus, books 1 to 5). The Minor Poems, numbered 1 to 23, are given above. When the letter 'n' follows a reference, the given form will not be found in the text, but in the footnotes.

Abbreviations. Besides s., adj., and adv., for substantive, adjective, adverb,, the following are used in a special sense:—v., a verb in the infinitive mood; ger., gerund; pr. s., present tense, 3rd person singular; pr. pl., present tense, 3rd person plural. Other persons are denoted by the figures 1 or 2.

The etymology of words is given occasionally, in the case of some of the more difficult words. Languages are cited in the usual manner, as A.F. for Anglo-French, O.F. for Old French, A.S. for Anglo-Saxon, and the like.

A large number of references are given, but they are by no means exhaustive. I have tried to include nearly all words to which any interest is likely to be attached. In the case of verbal forms, every form is duly parsed. References to 'notes' are to the Notes in the present edition.

Proper names will be found in a separate Index.

A, the first letter of the alphabet, T. i. 171; the letter A, A 161.

A, indef. art. a, A 24, &c.; al a, the whole of a, E 1165; one, D 1396; one and the same, 21. 5; about, some, L. 2075.

A, prep. on, T. ii. 1098; A 3516; on (the), R. 163; in, H 318; for, 3. 370, 758; in (the), T. i. 363; A-nighte, by night, B 3758, G 880; A-dayes, a-days, E 1164, G 1396; A-morwe, on the morrow, A 822; A three, in three, A 2934; A goddes half, 'on God's side,' in God's name, D 50; A goddes name, in God's name, A 854.

A! int. ah! 3. 213.

A! ha! interj. aha! T. i. 868, ii. 589, iii. 65; B 1629, D 586; HF. 865.

Abaissen, ger. to be dismayed, B 4. p 7. 56; Abaisshed, pp. abashed, B 1. p 1. 57; Abaysshed, pp. abashed, shy, T. iii. 1233; Abayst, pp. amazed, spell-bound, B 3. m 12. 23; abashed, cast down, T. iii. 94, 1122; disconcerted, E 317, 1011; Abaysed, amazed, E 1108. See Abasshen.

Abak, adv. backwards, A 3736, B 2017; aback, back, L. 864.

Abakward, adv. backward, B 3. m 12. 41.

Abandoune, v. devote, I 713; Abandouneth, pr. s. abandons, B 2767; Abaundoneth, B 2767.

Abasshen, v. fear, be abashed, R. 1552; Abasshed, pp. abashed, confused, 5. 447; confounded, R. 805, 1519; disconcerted, B 568. See Abaissen.

Abate, v. lower, put down, B 3780; depreciate, R. 286; Abate, 2 pr. s. subj. subtract, A. ii. 10. 8; Abated, pp. enfeebled, B 3. p 5. 33; put down, I 191.

Abaundoneth, pr. s. abandons, B 2767. See Abandoune.

Abaved, pp. confounded, disconcerted, 3. 614. Answering to an O.F. *abavir, due to O.F. esbahir, to astonish; with v in place of lost h; see Brachet's Etym. F. Dict. s.v. glaive.

Abawed, the same as Abaved, 3. 614n.

Abayst; see Abaissen.

Abbesse, s. abbess, D 678.

Abbey, s. abbey, B 4044; Abbéye, B 1488; Abbay, B 1814.

Abbot, s. A 161.

Abc., alphabet, A. i. 11. 2.

A-bedde, in bed, T. i. 915, iii. 689, 693; D 1084, 1259.

Abegge, v. pay for it, A 3938. A Kentish form, from A.S. ābycgan. See Abeye, Abye.

A-begged, a-begging (see note), F 1580.

Abet, s. abetment, abetting, aid, T. ii. 357.

Abeye, v. pay for, C 100. Cf. A.S. ābycgan. See Abye.

Abhomináble, adj. hateful, C 471, 631, D 2006, H 343; loathsome, I 122.

Abhominaciouns, s. pl. abominations, horrible occurrences, B 88. See Abominacioun.

Abiden, Abit; see Abyde.

Abite, s. habit, dress, L. 146a.

A-blakeberied; see Blakeberied.

Able, adj. capable, 3. 786; A 584; fit, suitable, adapted, A 167; fit, L. 320; fit for, 3. 779; deemed deserving, 1. 184; fitting, R. 986.

Ablen, v.; Ablinge, pr. pt. enabling, lifting, B 3. m 9. 24; fitting, B 1. m 6. 12.

Ablucions, s. pl. ablutions, washings, G 856.

Abodes, pl. of Abood, s.

Aboghte, Aboght; see Abye.

Abominacioun, s. disgust, D 2179. See Abhominaciouns.

Abood, s. delay, A 965; tarrying, T. v. 1307; abiding, continuance, HF. 1963; Abodes, pl. delays, T. iii. 854.

Abood, pt. s. of Abyde.

Abounde, v. abound, T. ii. 159.

Aboute, prep. about, round, A 158; throughout, T. ii. 734; Abouten, round about, R. 1563; near, E 1106.

Aboute, adv. about, engaged in, T. v. 1645; in due order, in turn, A 890; around, A 488; here and there, 5. 247; been a., go about, endeavour, A 1142.

Aboven, prep. above, A 53, 2769, E 826; B 1. p 1. 21; A. ii. 45. 47.

Abregge, ger. to abridge, shorten, T. iii. 262; B 2233, I 243; Abrigge with thy peynes, to shorten thy pains with, T. iv. 426; v. A 2999, E 1614, 1657.

Abregginge, s. abridging, B 5. p 1. 57 (see note); diminishing, I 568. See above.

A-breyde, v. awake, T. iii. 1113; come to my senses, HF. 559; ger. T. v. 520 n; Abreyde, pr. s. subj. awake, A 4190; Abrayd, pt. s. (strong form), woke up, started up, 3. 192; Abreyd, 1 pt. s. started from sleep, HF. 110; Abrayde, pt. s. (weak form), started, B 4198; Abreyde, awoke, T. i. 724, iv. 1212; E 1061. A.S. ābregdan, pt. t. ābrægd (strong form). Ch. also uses the weak form, as above.

Abroche, v. broach, D 177.

Abrood, adv. abroad, i.e. wide open, F 441.

Absént, adj. absent, T. iii. 488, v. 637; Absent, 7. 93, 138.

Absénte, 2 pr. pl. subj. absent yourself, 1. 43.

Absolucioun, s. absolution, A 222.

Absolut, adj. absolute, B 3. p 11. 16; free, B 5. p 6. 169.

Absolutly, adv. wholly, B 4. p 2. 147.

Abstinence, s. HF. 660; T. iv. 784; I 831.

Abusioun, s. abuse, absurdity, T. iv. 990; deceit, B 214; Abusion, a shameful thing, scandal, T. iv. 1060; I 445.

Abyden, v. abide, await, 1. 131; wait for, HF. 1086; ger. A 927; Abyde, v. wait, R. 1451; T. i. 956; B 4270; be still, withdraw, F 1522; Abyde, ger. to await, B 1. p 1. 58; Abydest, 2 pr. s. awaitest, B 4. p 6. 256; dost expect, B 1. p 4. 3; Abydeth, pr. s. awaits, B 2175; dwells, T. ii. 987; Abit, pr. s. waits for, T. i. 1091; abides, G 1175; Abyd, imp. s. stay, wait, A 3129; A. ii. 23. 9; Abydeth, imp. pl. B 1175; pres. pt. Abyding, E 757; Abood, pt. s. awaited, T. iv. 156; stopped, HF. 1062; expected, 3. 247; Abood, 1 pt. s. waited, L. 309; B 3. p 1. 16; Abĭden, pt. pl. abode, T. i. 474 (an awkward construction; see the note); Abiden, pp. waited, B 3. p 9. 139; T. ii. 935; A 2982. A.S. ābīdan, pt. t. ābād, pt. t. pl. ābidon; pp. ābiden.

Abydinge, s. expectation, B 2. p 3. 41.

Abye, v. pay for, A 4393, C 756, D 2155, G 694; Abyen, v. B 2012; Abyest, 2 pr. s. sufferest, B 2. p 4. 8; Abyeth, pr. s. suffers, undergoes,B 4. p 1. 21; pays for, R. 272; Abyen, pr. pl. undergo, B 4. p 4. 58; Aboughte, pt. s. paid for, T. v. 1756; A 2303; Aboghte, suffered for, A 2303, I 267; Aboght, pp. paid for, L. 2483; A 3100; purchased, 18. 37; bought dearly, L. 1387 (see note); atoned for, A 3100, C 503. A.S. ābycgan. See Abegge, Abeye.

A-caterwawed, a-caterwauling, D 354 (see note).

Acceptáble, adj. D 1913.

Accepte, v. to accept; Accepted, pp. A 2267; Accepteth, imp. pl. E 96, 127

Accésse, s. feverish attack, T. ii. 1315, 1543, 1578.

Accident, s. that which is accidental, T. iv. 1505; incident, T. iii. 918; accidental occurrence, HF. 1976; unusual appearance, E 607; outward appearance (see note), C 539.

Accidie, s. sloth, I 388, 677.

Accioun, s. action, i.e. accusation, 1. 20; Accions, pl. I 82.

Accomplice, v. accomplish, A 2864, B 2258. See Acomplisshen.

Accord, s. agreement, B 2988, C 25, F 791; harmony, B 4069; peace, I 992. See Acord.

Accordaunce, s. concord, harmony, R. 496; Acordaunce, B 2. m 8. 9.

Accordaunt, adj. suitable, B 4026; Accordant, F 103.

Accorde, v. agree; Accorde, pr. s. subj. G 638; Accordeth, pr. s. beseems, L. 2583; Accorded, pt. s. agreed, B 1504; pp. L. 1635; Acorded, pp. B 238; Áccordinge, pr. pt. agreeing, D 924. See Acorde.

Accountes, pl. accounts, B 1277.

Accuse, v.; Accuseth, pr. s. reveals, R. 1591; Acused, pt. s. blamed, T. ii. 1081; Accused, pp. accused, A 1765.

Accusement, s. accusation (of her), T. iv. 556.

Accusour, s. accuser, L. 353; revealer, T. iii. 1450; Accusor, B 1. P 4. 75.

Achát, s. buying, purchase, A 571; B 1. p 4. 64.

Achátours, pl. buyers, caterers, A 568.

Ache, s. ache, T. iv. 728.

A-chekked, pp. checked, hindered, HF. 2093.

Acheve, v. achieve, L. 1614; Acheveth, pr. s. T. ii. 808; Acheved, pp. B 1. p 4. 141.

Achoken, v. choke, stifle, B 2. p 5. 57; Achoked, pp. L. 2008.

Acloyeth, pr. s. overburdens, 5. 517. See Accloy in the New E. Dict.

A-compas, adv. in a circle, L. 300.

Acomplisshen, ger. to achieve, B 4. p 2. 191; Acomplisshe, pr. s. subj. fulfil, comprehend, B 3. p 10. 122. See Accomplice.

Acord, s. agreement, 5. 371; L. 159; A 838, 3082; Acorde, concord, 5. 381, 668; accord, 3. 316; in accord, in tune, 5. 197; al of oon acorde, in tune, 3. 305; Acordes, pl. agreements, HF. 695. See Accord.

Acordable, adj. harmonious, B 2. m 8. 14.

Acordaunce, s. concord, B 2. m 8. 9; Accordaunce, R. 496.

Acordaunt, adj. suitable, A 37, 3363; agreeing, B 1. p 4. 164; Acordant to, in harmony with, 5. 203.

Acorde, v. accord, T. v. 446; 1 pr. s. grant, allow, L. 3; Acordeth, pr. s. agrees, B 2. p 4. 67; F 798; concerns, L. 955; Acorden, pr. pl. agree, B 2137; Accorde, pr. pl. B 2395; Acorde, pr. pl. A 830; Acorded, pt. s. suited, A 244; Acordeden, pt. pl. agreed, L. 168, 1739; According, pres. part. agreeing, B 1737; A. ii. 14. 5; Acorded, pp. agreed, A 818, 1214, D 812; T. v. 1310.

Acorns, pl. B 1. m 6. 5; Acornes, B 2. m 5. 4; Akornes, fruits, B 4. m 3. 19.

Acorse, 1 pr. s. curse, T. iv. 839.

Acounte, v. consider, B 3591; Acounted, pt. s. valued, cared, 3. 1237; Acountedest, 2 pt. s. didst reckon, B 2. p 5. 71.

Acountinge, s. reckoning, calculation, B 1. m 2. 10.

Acoye, v.; Acoyede, pt. s. caressed, B 2. p 3. 45.

Acquitance, s. release, A 4411; Acquitaunce, release, 1. 60; deed of release, A 3327.

Acquyte, v. acquit, D 1599; acquit oneself, E 936; Acquiten, I 179; Acquiteth, imp. pl. B 37.

Actes, pl. acts, deeds, C 574, D 114, E 1838; records, B 4326.

Actif, adj. active, B 1. p 1. 21.

Actuel, adj. actual, I 357.

Acurse, v. curse, T. iii. 1072; Acursed, pp. R. 468; 1. 150.

Acused, pt. s. blamed, T. ii. 1081. See Accuse.

Acustomaunce, s. system of habits, habitual method of life, HF. 28; had of acustumaunce, was accustomed, B 3701.

Adamant, s. adamant, A 1990; Adamaunt, loadstone, magnet, R. 1182; Adamauntes, pl. loadstones, 5. 418.

Adawe, v. awake, recover, T. iii. 1120; Adawed, pp. E 2400.

A-day, in the day, T. ii. 60. See A, prep.

Adden, v. add, B 3. p 9. 31, 34; Added, pt. s. A 499.

Adder, s. adder, viper, E 1786n; Addres, pl. B 5. m 5. 4n.

Adding, s. (the) addition, A. ii. 41. 10.

Adieccioun (Adjeccioun), s. addition, B 5. p 6. 134.

A-dieu! T. i. 1041.

Adiuracioun (Adjuracioun), s. adjuration, I 603.

Adorne, v.; Adorneth, pr. pl. adorn, T. iii. 2.

A-doun, adv. downwards, down, L. 178, 250, 792, 1413, 1726; A 393, B 3630, F 351, 464, 862, G 1113, I 72; down below, HF. 889; below, H 105; at the bottom, G 779.

Adouring, s. adoration, I 682.

Adrad, pp. afraid, A 605, 3425; R. 1228; T. ii. 115; L. 300 a; B 2. p 4. 113; 3. 493, 879; HF. 928; Adred, 3. 1190.

Adressinge, s. directing, B 5. p 4. 63.

Adversarie, adj. hostile, I 697.

Adversárie, s. adversary, B 3868, C 194, G 1476; Adversaire, 1. 8; Adversáries, pl. T. ii. 1435.

Adversitee, s. adversity, A 484, F 502; 1. 101; harm, 7. 258, 276.

Advertence, s. attention, heed, T. iv. 698, v. 1258; HF. 709; G 467.

Advócacýës, pl. pleas, T. ii. 1469.

Advócat, s. advocate, intercessor, B 2211, G 68; 1. 102; Advocats, pl. (in which the t is mute), C 291; B 4. p 4. 183.

Afer, adv. afar, HF. 1215; L. 212; B 5. p 4. 103.

A-fère, on fire, T. i. 229. See A-fyre.

A-feren, v. to frighten; A-fered, pp. afraid, affrighted, T. i. 974, iii. 482; A 1518, C 284; L. 53 a, 2321; Aferd, pp. afraid, A 628, 4095; B 4611.

Affeccioun, s. affection, devotion, A 1158; L. 1229.

Affect, s. desire; Affectis, pl. T. iii. 1391

Afferme, v. affirm, T. ii. 1588; Affermeth, pr. s. affirms, B 4315; fixes, B 4. m 6. 31; Affermed, pp. agreed upon, L. 790; established, A 2349.

Affiance, s. trust, B 1330.

Affinitee, s. relation, B 1. p 4. 196.

Afforced, pp. forced, I 974.

Affray, s. fray, quarrel, D 2156; terror, B 1137, 3273; fright, 4. 214; HF. 553; Afray, dread, 7. 334.

Affraye, v. to frighten; Affrayeth, pr. s. arouses, excites, R. 91; Affrayed, pp. frightened, afraid, B 563; scared, B 4468; roused, 3. 296.

Affyle, v. file, i.e. render smooth, A 712; T. ii. 1681.

Afor-yeyn, prep. over against, T. ii. 1188. See Afornens in the New E. Dict.

Afounde, v. founder, perish, 12. 21. (Not in the New E. Dict.; but see Afounder in the same).

Afrayed, adj. scared, distracted, R. 154. See Affraye.

Afrighte, v. to frighten; Afright, pp. affrighted, B 4085.

After, prep. according to, A 125, 3220, B 2460, 2646, C 52, D 1642, F 100, 1033, G 25; L. 91, 2651; 1. 143; 3. 1095; 5. 305; A. pr. 61; A. ii. 17. 25; in expectation of, for, B 467; to get, A 525; later than, A. i. 21. 15; according as, L. 575; after, i.e. to fetch, L. 1130; T. v. 280; towards, A 136; in accordance with, 8. 4; by inheritance from, L. 1072; After as, according as, 5. 216; After oon, alike, A. 1781; After me, according to my command, E 327; After the yeer, according to the season of the year, F 47; After that, according as, T. ii. 1347; E 203.

After, adv. afterwards, next, 5. 59, A 162, B 98; L. 75.

Afterward, adv. afterwards, R. 5,29; A 497.

A-fyre, on fire, D 726, 1982; HF. 1858; L. 2493; A-fyr, 1. 94; T. iii. 856; A-fère, T. i. 229.

Again, prep. when exposed to, L. 2426; Agayn, against, B 580, 1754, C 181, 427, G 1415, I 110; towards, A 2680; (so as) to meet, R. 785; D 1000; opposite to, R. 1577; exposed to, H 110; contrary to, F 748; just before, B 4268, H 301; near, G 1279; to meet, B 391, G 1342; in comparison with, L. 189; Ageyn, against, A 66, F 142; 13. 11; compared with, R. 1011; turned towards, L. 48.

Again, adv. again; Agayn, A 801; Ageyn, F 654.

Agains, prep. against; Agayns, C 181, I 154; contrary to, B 2776; in answer to, L. 344; instead of, I 187, 192; before, in presence of, C 743; to meet, E 911; near to, A. ii. 23. 8; Agaynes, against, 3. 16; near, E 2325; Ageyns, against, B 3754; L. 330.

A-game, adv. in play, in jest, in mockery, in sport, 4. 277; T. iii. 636, 648.

Agaste, ger. to terrify, T. ii. 901; v. B 4178; Agasteth, pr. s. deters, frightens, B 4. p 6. 201; L. 1171; Agasten, pr. pl. terrify, B 3. m 12. 24; Agaste, pt. s. frightened, L. 1221; B 3395; Agaste, pt. s. refl. was affrighted, A 2424; Agast, pp. scared, frightened, terrified, A 2931, 3834; 7. 316; HF. 557; aghast, B 4079, D 798; afraid, A 4267, B 1859, E 1052; T. i. 715, v. 893; L. 1534; B 2. p 2. 43, p 4. 115; B 3. p 5. 28, 44.

Agayn, Agayns; see Again, Agains.

Agayn-ward, adv. backward, at the point of return, A. i. 17. 9; back again, B 441.

Age, s. age, A 82, 601; life, E 627; Ages, pl. times, periods, B 3177; T. ii. 27.

Agein, Ageins; see Again, Agains.

Ageyn, Ageyns; see Again, Agains.

Aggregge; see Agregge.

Agilten, v. do wrong, L. 436; Agilte, pt. s. did offence, D 392; wrongly committed, L. 2385; 1 pt. s. wronged, HF. 329; offended, T. iii. 840; Agilte, pr. s. subj. (if he) offend, I 150; Agilt, pp. offended, 1. 122; offended by sin, I 131; sinned, T. v. 1684, L. 463; B 3008.

Agon, v. to go away; Ago, pp. gone away, T. v. 1054; E 1764; 7. 61; gone, F 1204; passed away, A 2802; past, L. 1766; dead, L. 916; to ben ago, to be off, 5. 465; Agon, pp. departed, A 1276; gone away C 810; past, C 246; nat longe agon is, it is not long ago, D 9; Agoon, pp. gone, departed, L. 1110; D 2070; passed away, A 1782; dead, E 631; 3. 479, 7. 150; ago, B 1841, C 436.

Agonye, s. agony, struggle, A 3452.

Agreable (ágreáble), pleasing, HF. 1097; 18. 41; Agréable, 18. 68; Agreables, pl. pleasant, B 3. m 2. 19.

Agreablely, adv. complacently, B 2. p 4. 92.

Agreabletee, s. equability, B 2. p 4. 83.

A-greef, in dudgeon, lit. 'in grief,' T. iii. 862, 1621; sadly, T. iv. 613; Agref, amiss, 5. 543; A-grief, in dudgeon, B 4083, D 191.

Agreën, v. agree, consent, T. iii. 131; Agree, pr. s. subj. agree, 5. 409; suit, T. i. 409.

Agregge, v. aggravate; Agreggeth, pr. s. I 960; Aggreggeth, B 2477; Agreggen, pr. pl. I 892; Agreggeden, pt. pl. aggravated, B 2209.

Agreve, v. to vex; Agreved, pp. angry, A 2057; vexed, L. 345; aggrieved, E 500.

Agrief; see Agreef.

Agrisen, Agroos; see Agrysen.

Agroted, pp. surfeited, cloyed, L. 2454. See the New E. Dict.

Agrysen, v. shudder, tremble, feel terror, B 1. p 3. 15; Agryse, v. feel terror, HF. 210; T. ii. 1435; B 614, C 280, D 1649; Agrysest, 2 pr. s. dreadest, B 2. p 1. 45; Agryseth, pr. s. trembles, shivers, B 1. m 6. 7; Agròòs, pt. s. shuddered, was terrified, became frightened, T. ii. 930; L. 830, 2314; A-grisen, pp. filled with dread, B 3. p 1. 12. A.S. āgrīsan; pt. t. āgrās; pp. āgrisen.

Agu, s. ague, B 4150.

Aguiler, s. needle-case, R. 98.

A-heigh, adv. aloft, B 5. m 5. 16.

Aiourne (Ajourne), imp. s. adjourn, summon on another day, 1. 158.

Air, s. air, D 2254. See Eir.

Aiuged (Ajuged), pp.; a. biforn, prejudged, B 1. p 4. 72 (Lat. praeiudicatae.)

Ake, v. ache, T. ii. 549; L. 705; ger. HF. 632; Ake, pr. pl. ache, T. iii. 1561; Aken, pr. pl. B 2113.

Aketoun, s. a short sleeveless tunic, worn under the hauberk, B 2050. Fr. hoqueton, O.Fr. auqueton, a cloak, a stuff for cloaks; originally alqueton, Span. alcoton, Arabic al-qūtun, where al is the article, and qūtun is our cotton.

Akinge, s. aching, pain, T. i. 1088.

Aknowe, v.; Aknowe, pp. conscious; am aknowe, I acknowledge, B 1. p 4. 109, B 4. p 4. 1.

Akornes, s. pl. acorns, fruits, B 4. m 3. 19. See Acorns.

Al, adj. all, A 10; Alle, pl. all, A 26, 53; Al, every, R. 1586; as s. everything, T. iii. 1764; al a, the whole of a, A 854, G 996; and al, and all, 3. 116; B 3275; at al, in every respect, wholly, C 633, E 1222; at all, D 1078; in al, altogether, entirely, B 1. p 6. 43; B 4. p 4. 193; al day, all the day, 3. 1105:—Al, adv. quite, entirely, altogether, 5. 540; L. 1765, 1766; B 2289, 3215, 3451, E 1629, I 357; all over, R. 840; al on highte, quite aloud, A 1784; al by oon assent, quite with one accord, 5. 557:—Al, conj. although, HF. 1740; T. i. 17; B 2173, C 212, D 87, F 878; L. 58, 160, 384, 1392, 1420, 1841, 2392; whether, G 839; al be, although, albeit, 4. 274, 5, 436; A 297; al be that, although, 5. 8:—Al and som, the whole matter (collectively and severally), D 91, F 1606; T. ii. 363; L. 998, 2384; Al and somme, each and all, all, the whole, 7. 26; Al and som, 5. 650; Alle and some, one and all, A 3136, B 263, C 336, D 1643, E 941; T. iii. 607, v. 883; HF. 46; Al only, adv. merely, simply, 2. 62; B 2662; Al so, so, E 1226; Al thing, everything, R. 53; Al thus, exactly thus, 5. 30. See Alle.

Al, s. awl, 13. 11. See Oules.

Alabastre, s. alabaster, A 1910.

Alambyk (álambýk), s. alembic, T. iv. 520; Alembykes, pl. G 794. 'Alambique, a limbeek, a stillatory'; Cotgrave. A kind of retort for distilling. O.F. alambic, from Span. alambique; from Arab, al-anbiq; where anbiq answers to Gk. ἄμβιξ, a cup, also the cap of a still.

Alaunts, pl. dogs of a huge size (see note), A 2148.

Alayes, s. pl. alloy, E 1167.

Al-be-it, although, L. 1363; E 1537; A. ii. 12. 8; Al be it so that, A. ii. 31. 6.

Albificacioun, s. albefaction, whitening, rendering of a white colour, G 805.

Alday, Al-day, adv. continually, A 1168, 1524, 3902, B 4282, F 481, I 106; T. i. 217, iv. 1563; R. 1506; always, L. 1250, 1877; B 1702; everyday, at any time, 4. 237.

Alder, s. alder-tree, A 2921.

Alder, gen. pl. of all; oure alder, of us all, 1. 84; L. 298 (see note). See Aller, Alther.

Alder-best, adv. best of all, 3. 87; T. i. 1008; A 710. See Aller.

Alderbeste, adj. best of all, 3. 246, 1279; T. iii. 1597; Alderbest, 3. 907.

Alderfaireste, adj. fem. def. fairest of all, 3. 1050; Alder-fayrest, B 3. m 9. 8.

Alderfirst, adv. first of all, B 2393, E 1618, F 550, G 423; T. i. 1069, iv. 74, 832; in the first place, R. 1000; for the first time, B 1. p 3. 17; Alderfirste, L. 2635.

Alderfirste, adj. first of all, T. iii. 97.

Alderlast, adv. lastly, R. 449.

Alder-lest, least of all, T. i. 604.

Alderlevest, dearest of all, T. iii. 239, v. 576.

Alderman, s. alderman, the head of a guild, A 372.

Aldermost, adv. most of all, T. i. 152, 248, 1003; L. 2117, 2567; B 4. p 4. 37, B 5. p 3. 114.

Alder-next, adv. nearest of all, next, 5. 244.

Alderworst, adj. superl. worst of all, B 5. p 3. 113.

Alderwysest, adj. pl. the wisest of all, T. i. 247.

Ale, s. ale, A 341, 382, 3378, C 315, D 171; Ale and breed, drink and meat, B 2062; gen. Ale, of ale, B 3083.

Alegge; see Allegge.

Alemandres, pl. almond-trees, R. 1363.

Alembykes, pl. alembics, G 794. See Alambyk.

Alenge, the same as Elenge, B 1412n, D 1199n.

Alestake, s. ale-stake, i.e. a horizontal stake or short pole projecting from an ale-house to support a sign or bush, A 667, C 321.

Aley, s. an alley, B 1758; Aleyes, pl. alleys, walks, E 2324, F 1013; T. ii. 820.

Aleys, 1 pl. service-berries, berries of the service-tree, R. 1377. O.F. alie, F. alise; cf. G. Elsebeere.

Algate, adv. always, A 571; at any rate, 3. 887, 1087; L. 361, 461; C 292, E 885, G 318, 904; nevertheless, L. 238; I 514; in any case, T. ii. 964; all the same, D 588; at all hazards, HF. 943.

Algates, adv. in every way, 22. 43; D 756; by all means, D 1514; at any rate, in any case, 3. 1171; 4. 234; 6. 85; T. iii. 24; L. 594; B 2760, 2841, G 1096; wholly, F 246; nevertheless, B 2222; B 4. m 3. 16; all the same, B 3. p 10. 162; B 520.

Aliene, v. alienate, B 1. p 6. 43.

Al-if, even if, T. iii. 398.

Alighte, v. alight, E 981; Alighte, pt. s. 1. 161; T. v. 189, 1017; A 983; Alight, pp. A 722, 2189.

Alkaly, s. alkali, G 810.

Alkamistre, s. alchemist, G 1204.

Allas, interj. alas! 1. 124.

Alle, dat. s. and pl. of Al; at alle, in every case, 4. 36; in alle, in any case, 3. 141; Alle, pl. all, A 922, E 1787; all (of you), T. ii. 402. See Al, Aller.

Allegge (1), v. allege, adduce, A 3000, E 1658; Alegge, T. iii. 297; Alegge, 1 pr. s. HF. 314.

Allegge (2), v. alleviate; Allegged, pp. allayed, B 4. p 4. 12.

Aller, of all, gen. pl. of Al; our aller, of us all, A 823; hir aller, of them all, A 586. A.S. ealra, gen. pl. of eall. See Alder.

Alliaunce, s. alliance, 2. 42, 83; A 2973, C 605; kindred, 1. 58; Alliance, marriage, espousal, E 357; Allíauncè, alliance, B 3523; Alyaunce, B 4. p 6. 221.

Allone, adj. alone, 4. 141, 5. 455; B 2294, D 1862; lat me a., let me alone, i.e. trust to me, T. iii. 413.

Allow, 1 p. s. pr. (I) approve, (I) applaud, F 676.

Allye, s. ally, G. 292, 297; relative, B 3593.

Allyen, ger. to ally myself, E 1414; Allye, C 613; Allyen, v. C 618; Allyed, pp. allied, 2. 65; T. i. 87; provided with friendly aid, B 3720.

Almenak, s. almanac, A. pr. 67.

Almes-dede, s. alms-deed, alms-doing, B 1156.

Almesse, s. alms, B 168, 2757, D 1609, I 377; Almesses, s. pl. almsdoings, I 1030.

Almest; see Almost.

Almicanteras, s. pl. small circles of declination (in the celestial sphere), A. i. 18. 2, 8. Arabic muqantarah, a solar quadrant, or sun-dial; pl. muqantarāt, circles parallel to the horizon; from qantara, he bent.

Almighty, adj. 1. 1.

Almost, adv. almost, A 155, 894; Almest, B 3. p 2. 52; B 1948.

Almury, s. the 'denticle' or tooth-like point or pointer situate on the Rete near the 'head' of Capricorn, A. i. 23. 1. Arabic al-mur'ī, the indicator.

Aloes, pl. aloe, in comp. ligne-aloes, T. iv. 1137. (Aloes is a pl., not a gen. case here; see Aloe in the New E. Dict.)

A-lofte, adv. aloft, up, T. i. 922; on high, T. v. 259.

A-londe, adv. on land, ashore, L. 2166; him were lever a-londe, he would rather be on land, L. 2413.

Along on, along of, owing to, T. iii. 783; Along on me, along of me, T. ii. 1001.

Aloon, adj. alone, R. 450; her aloon, all by herself, L. 2378.

Al-oonly, adv. solely, B 5. p 4. 95; Al-only, B 3. P 6. 35; T. v. 1779.

Alose, v. commend, T. iv. 1473. O.F. aloser, to praise; from los, praise.

Al-outerly, adv. entirely, absolutely, 3. 1244; L. 626; Al-outrely, T. i. 382, v. 1694; wholly, B 3. p 12. 82; B 4. p 2. 135, p 7. 3; All-utterly, HF. 296. Lit. 'all utterly.'

Alpes, pl. bull-finches, R. 658. 'Alpe, a byrde, Ficedula'; Prompt. Parv.

Also, Al-so, adv. and conj. as, R. 212, 1122; T. iii. 1388; HF. 656, 1532; A 730, 3870, B 396, D 1215, H 80; Al-so, adv. so, A 3104; HF. 629; Alswa, also (Northern), A 4085; Also many, as many, L. 528; Also muche as, as much as, D 2134; Als, also, besides, 3. 728; HF. 2071; T. ii. 726; B 3973, F 1598; as, B 2850; frequently used in expressing a wish, 4. 267, 7. 202.

Altercacioun, s. altercation, dispute, B 4427, E 1473.

Alteren, v. to alter; Altered, pt. s. T. iii. 1778.

Alther, gen. pl. of all, A 823n. The same as Alder, Aller, gen. pl. of Al.

Alther-fairest, adj. superl. fairest of all, R. 625.

Alther-fastest, adv. sup. as fast as possible, HF. 2131.

Altherfirst, adv. first of all, at first, HF. 1368.

Alther-firste, adj. first of all, 3. 1173.

Althogh, although, A 230; Al-though, A 1089.

Altitude, s. the elevation of a celestial object above the horizon, measured along a vertical arc, A. pr. 60; height, A. ii. 41. 9.

Alum, s. alum, G 813.

Al-utterly; see Al-outerly.

Alwey, adv. always, A 185, 341, E 458, 810; ceaselessly, F 422; all the while, I 11; Alway, A 275.

Alyaunce; see Alliaunce.

Alyne, adv. in an exact line, A. ii. 38. 17.

A-lyve, alive, R. 866; 3. 915, 10. 32; A 2698, E 139. For on lyve, in life; hence orig. an adv.; but also used as adj.

Am, am, A 1131, E 838; in phr. it am I = it is I, B 1109.

Amadrides, hamadryads, A 2928.

Amalgaming, s. the formation of an amalgam, G 771. An amalgam is a pasty mixture of mercury with other substances (properly with a metal).

Amase, v. amaze; Amased, pp. G 935.

Amaye, v. to dismay; A-mayed, pp. dismayed, T. i. 648, iv. 641. O.F. amaier = esmaier, to dismay; cf. Ital. smagare.

Ambages, pl. ambiguous words, T. v. 897.

Ambassiatours, pl. ambassadors, T. iv. 140 n.

Ambel, s. amble; an ambel, in an amble, at an ambling pace, B 2075.

Ambes as, double aces, B 124 (see note). O.F. ambes, a pair; Lat. ambo, both.

Amble, v. amble; Amble, imp. s. D 838; Ambling, pres. pt. E 388.

Amblere, s. an ambling nag, A 469.

Amele, v. to enamel; Ameled, pp. R. 1080. Cf. O.F. esmail, enamel.

Amende, v. amend; Amenden, v. make amends, A 3074; Amende, v. amend, 3. 551; improve, F 197; to surpass in demeanour, F 97; Amende, pr. s. subj. may (He) amend, D 1810; Amended, pt. s. improved, R. 1427; did good, 3. 1102; Amended, pp. improved, B 4048; remedied, D 1097; surpassed, B 3444.

Amendement, s. amends, A 4185.

Amender, s. D 1197.

Amendes, pl. amends, T. ii. 342.

Amenuse, ger. to lessen, I 496; v. diminish, I 360; Amenuseth, pr. s. diminishes, I 359, 481; becomes less, A. i. 21. 47; Amenused, pt. s. I 709; Amenused, pp. B 1. p 4. 51; B 2. p 4. 31; B 3. p 10. 19.

Amenusinge, s. diminution, B 3. p 10. 13.

Amerciments, s. pl. fines, exactions, I 752.

Amesure, v. measure; Amesureth, pr. s. B 2. p 1. 62.

Ameve, v. move; Ameved, pt. s. moved, changed; nought ameved, changed not, altered not, E 498; Amoeved, pp. perturbed, I 670; moved, B 1. p 5. 2; Amoved, pp. perturbed, B 1. p 1. 33.

Amiable, adj. amiable, pleasant, A 138; kind, B 2168; courteous, I 629; kindly, R. 1226.

A-midde, adv. in the midst, R. 147; in the middle, A. i. 4. 4.

Amidde, prep. amid, in the midst of, F 409. A.S. on-middan, in the middle.

Amiddes, adv. in the midst, 5. 277; Amiddes of, in the midst of, HF. 845.

A-middes, prep. in the midst of, A. i. 18. 4; in the middle, A 2009.

Aministre, v. administer; Aministreth, pr. s. B 4. p 6. 62.

Amis, adv. amiss, 3. 1141, 7. 318; F 780, H 278; wrong, L. 1291; wrongly, B 3370, C 642, F 7; seyde amis, gave an unwelcome answer, 5. 446.

Amoeve; see Ameve.

Amoneste, v. admonish; Amonesteth, pr. s. B 5. p 5. 14; I 76; recommends, B 2484.

Amonestinge, s. admonition, B 5. p 1. 3; I 518.

Among, adv. as well, T. iii. 1816; all the while, 3. 298.

Amonges, adv. sometimes, variously, B 2. p 1. 77.

Amonges, prep. amongst, A 759, B 3344, G 608.

Amonicioun, s. pointing out, B 1. p 4. 7.

Amonte; see Amounte.

Amorettes, pl. love-knots, R. 892.

Amorous, adj. full of love, 12. 22; R. 83; T. iii. 17; L. 1189; A 2861, 3355, F 1500; Amorouse, fem. T. iv. 1431.

Amorously, adv. E 1680.

Amortise, v. deaden; Amortised, pp. deadened, rendered dead, I 233 n, 247 n.

Amor vincit omnia, love conquers all, A 162.

Amorwe, A-morwe, on the morrow, A 822, 1621, D 593; L. 1757; in the morning, 3. 1103; T. ii. 405; HF. 2106.

Amounte, v. amount to, mean; Amounteth, pr. s. means, A 2362, B 569, 2258; amounts to, F 108; Amonteth, pr. s. A. i. 16. 4.

Amove; see Ameve.

Amphibologyes, pl. ambiguities, T. iv. 1406.

Amy, s. friend, C 318. F. ami.

An, a, A 575, &c.; A, 578, &c.; An eighte busshels, a quantity equal to eight bushels, C 771.

An, prep. on, L. 1191; An heigh, on high, E 2326; An hye, HF. 215.

Ancestres, pl. ancestors, B 3. p 6. 30.

Ancille, s. handmaiden, 1. 109.

Ancle, s. A 1660.

Ancre, s. anchor, 10. 38; Anker, L. 2501; Ancres, pl. B 2. p 4. 40.

And, and, A 3, &c.

And, conj. if, 6. 112; L. 217, 319, 357, 1790; A 1214, B 3140, E 2433, G 145, 602, 1371; T. i. 125, 695, ii. 289, iv. 1343.

Anes, adv. once (Northern), A 4074.

Anexed; see Annexe.

Angel, s. angel, D 1678, 1682; Angels, pl. R. 672. See Aungel.

Angelus ad virginem (see note), A 3216.

Angle, s. angle (a technical term in astrology), B 304 (see note), F 263 (see note); angular distance from the meridian, A. ii. 4. 30; Angles, pl. angles, F 230.

Angle-hook, s. fish-hook, 4. 238.

Angre, s. anger, trouble, F 1553; anguish, R. 320.

Anguissh, s. anxiety, B 3. p 3. 22; anguish, I 169, 678; Anguish, E 462; Angwish, A 1030.

Anguisshe, v. to cause pain; Anguissheth, pr. s. wounds, pains, B 3. m 7. 1.

Anguissous, adj. anxious, B 2. p 4. 56; tormenting, B 2. m 5. 22; full of anxiety, B 3. p 2. 77, p 7. 17; full of distress, B 2. p 4. 53; distressed, R. 520; sorry, I 304; Anguisshous, distressful, T. iii. 816.

Anhange, ger. to hang, C 259; Anhanged, pp. B 3945, 3949, 4252, 4330, C 275; Anhonged, R. 453; T. ii. 1620.

Anientisse, v. annihilate; Anientissed, pp. brought to naught, B 2438. Cf. O.F. nient, neant, nothing.

A-night, in the night, A 1042, 2007, D 202, E 464; at night, D 1827; L. 1292, 1475.

A-nightes, adv. by night, R. 18; A 3214.

Animal, adj. A 2749.

Anker; see Ancre.

Anlas, s. a short, two-edged knife or dagger, broad at the hilt and tapering to the point, formerly worn at the girdle, A 357 (see note).

Annexe, v. to annex; Annexed, pp. tied, 2. 72; annexed, attached, C 482, D 1147; Anexed, B 4. p 4. 80.

Anni collecti, collected years, A. ii. 44. 17. When a table contains quantities denoting the change in a planet's place during round periods of years, such as 20, 40, or 60 years, such a change is entered under the heading Anni Collecti.

Anni expansi, expanse years, A. ii. 44. 17. When a table contains quantities denoting the change in a planet's place during only a few years, viz. from 1 to 19 years, such changes are entered separately under the headings 1, 2, 3, &c., years, which are designated the expanse (or separate) years.

Annis collectis et expansis, the collected years and expanse years, A. ii. 45. 11. See above.

Annueleer, s. a priest who received annuals (see the note), a chaplain, G 1012.

Annunciat, pp. pre-announced, i.e. whose birth was foretold, B 3205.

Anointe, v. anoint; Anoynten, pr. pl. R. 1057; Anoint, pp. A 199; Anoynted, I 502 n.

Anon, adv. anon, immediately, at once, A 32, 748, B 34, 326, C 864, 881, &c.; B 3. p 4. 53; Anoon, forthwith, A 965, 971; B 1896, 3299, E 435, F 1011; HF. 339; &c.

Anon-right, adv. immediately, L. 115, 1503; 3. 354, 5. 218; R. 1334; A. ii. 34. 3; A 3847, G 1141; Anoon-right, 3. 450; HF. 132.

Anon-rightes, adv. immediately, A 3480.

Another, another, A 163; &c.

Anoy, s. vexation, T. iv. 845; trouble, B 1320; torture, B 3. m 12. 25; sadness, I 678, 680; Anoyes, pl. troubles, I 518.

Anoyaunce, s. annoyance; Anoyaunces, pl. I 656.

Anoye, v. annoy, vex, T. iv. 1304; Anoye, 2 pr. s. subj. grieve, B 2. p 4. 49; Anoyeth, pr. s. annoys, vexes, B 2234, 3979; B 1. m 5. 32; gives offence, 5. 518; does harm, F 875; impers. it vexes, G 1036; Anoyeth, pr. pl. harm, B 2187; imp. pl. Anoyeth, injure ye, B 494; Anoyed, pp. annoyed, displeased, D 1848; wearied, I 726; peevish, I 1051.

Anoyful, adj. annoying, tiresome, B 2222.

Anoyinge, adj. injurious, B 1. m 5. 27.

Anoynted; see Anointe.

Anoyous, adj. annoying, tedious, B 2433; disagreeable, B 2235; hurtful, B 2. p 5. 60; harmful, B 1. m 2. 3; vexatious, B 1. m 5. 25; Anoyouse, vexatious, I 365.

Anoyously, adv. harmfully, B 3. p 8. 11.

Anslets, for Hainselins, I 422 n.

Answere, s. answer, 3. 1243.

Answere, v. answer, D 1077; a. of, answer for, be responsible for, L. 2212; Answery, be suitable for, B 4. p 3. 44; Answerde, pt. s. answered, B 1170, 1172, E 21, F 1008; Answerden, pt. pl. L. 1847.

Answering, s. answer, E 512.

Antartik, adj. southern, A. ii. 25. 7.

Antem, s. anthem, B 1850.

Antiphoner, s. anthem-book, antiphonarium, B 1709.

Antony, fyr of seint, erysipelas, I 427.

Anvelt, s. anvil, 3. 1165.

Any, any, A 580, &c.

Any-thing, at all, in any degree, T. i. 848; A. ii. 17. 6, 38. 10.

Aornement, s. adornment, I 432. O.F. aorner, to adorn.

Apaire; see Apeiren.

Apalle, v. to render pallid; Apalled, pp. vapid, I 723; weakened, A 3053; Appalled, pale, F 365; languid, B 1292.

Aparaile, s. apparel; Apparayle, R. 575, 1276; Apparaile, attire (F. atour), 1. 153; Apparaille, E 1208; Aparayles, s. pl. ornaments, B 2. p 4. 46 (Lat. ornamentis.)

Aparaile, v. apparel; Apparaille, D 343; prepare, L. 2473; Apparaillen, v. prepare, B 2532, 3797; Apparailleth, pr. s. endues, I 462; Apparaille, imp. s. prepare, B 2534; Aparailen, pt. pl. subj. set in array, B 1. p 4. 137; Aparailede, pt. s. refl. clothed himself, B 3. m 4. 2; Aparayled, pp. ornamented, B 1. p 5. 27.

Aparailements, s. pl. adornments, ornaments, B 2. p 5. 114.

Aparailing, s.; Apparaillinge, preparation, A 2913; Apparailling, B 2537.

Aparceyve; see Aperceive.