[531] Ibid. t. xii. f. 6. D. t. xiii. f. 1. b.
[532] Ibid. 133. t. xii. f. 1-3.
[533] Ibid. f. 4.
[534] Comp. Ramdohr t. xxii. f. 3. M. Fig. 4. 3. with t. xxi. f. 1. I.
[535] Ramdohr t. xxii. f. 1. c. f. 3, 4. B—.
[536] Ibid. f. 1. D E. f. 3. C D.
[537] Ibid. t. xxii. f. 1. D, E. f. 3. C, D. f. 4. C.
[538] Ibid. 198.
[539] Ibid. t. xxvi. f. 2. 4.
[540] Ibid. t. xxxiii. f. 3.
[541] Ramdohr t. xviii. f. 1. F, G.
[542] Ibid. L, K.
[550] Ramdohr, Ibid. t. xx. f. 1. E. f. 6. C.
[551] Ibid. t. xix. f. 2. C. f. 3. CCD. t. xx. f. 2. E.
[552] Ibid. t. xix. f. 2. D.
[553] Ibid. t. xx. f. 2. FF. f. 6. DD. 184. 180.—
[554] Ibid. t. xix. f. 1. ON. f. 2. OP. f. 3. F. t. xxviii. f. 1, 2. p. q.
[555] Ramdohr, Ibid. t. xx. f. 1. G. f. 2, 3. L.
[556] Ibid. t. xxi. f. 1. D.
[557] Ibid. 172.
[558] Ibid. t. xix. f. 2. K L. This organ seems analogous to that with four retractile fleshy horns, observed by Reaumur and De Geer in other species of Muscidæ. Reaum. iv. t. xxviii. f. 13. a, s. De Geer vi. t. iii. f. 18. c, d.
[559] Ramdohr t. xxi. f. 6.
[560] Ramdohr t. xxix. f. 1 *. A.
[561] Ibid. and f. 3. B, D.
[562] Ibid. f. 2, 3. 5. &c.
[564] Treviranus and Ramdohr are of the former opinion; and Meckel, Cuvier, Marcel de Serres, and Leon du Four, of the latter.
[565] Treviran Arachnid. t. 1. f. 6. v.
[566] Ibid. n.
[567] Ibid. t. ii. f. 24. β.
[568] Treviran Arachnid. f. 6. B B.
[569] N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat. xxx. 423—. Comp. Treviranus, Arachnid. t. i. f. 6.
[570] Treviranus, Ibid. v.
[571] N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat. xxx. 421—. Comp. Treviran. Ibid.
[572] N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat. Ibid.
[573] Treviran. Ibid. t. i. f. 6. i i, c c.
[574] N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat. Ibid.
[575] Treviran. Ibid. t. ii. f. 24. a.
[576] Ibid. v, b.
[577] Ibid. c, d, f.
[578] Ibid. g, n.
[579] N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat. Ibid.
[580] Treviran. Ibid. 28.
[581] Ibid. t. ii. f. 24. β.
[582] Ramdohr, t. xix. f. 1.
[583] Reaum. i. 143. t. v. f. 9.
[585] De Geer iii. 26.
[586] Reaum. iii. 357. t. xxix. f. 6-10.
[588] Cuv. Anat. Comp. iv. 163—.
[590] Malpigh. De Bombyc. t. v. f. 2. Swamm. t. xxxiv. f. 5. Lyonet, t. v. f. 1.
[591] Anat. der Ins. 59.
[592] Ibid. 60. Malpigh. 20.
[593] Lyonet Anat. 111.
[594] N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat. xv. 483.
[595] Anat. Comp. v. 198.
[596] Ramdohr, 60. t. xvii. f. 1. f, g, h, r.
[597] Vol. I. p. 403—. Treviran. Arachnid. 42.
[598] Treviran. Arachnid. 43. t. iv. f. 42. o. p. 9.
[599] Ibid. α, y.
[600] Swamm. ii. 21. a. t. xxxvi. f. 1. abcd. Ramdohr 58.
[601] Schmet. t. iii. f. 1.
[602] Lyonet—. 112. t. v. f. 1. P, Q, R, S.
[603] Ramdohr Anat. t. xviii. f. 1. M. f. 5. F.
[604] Ibid. t. x. f. 1. m.
[605] Ibid. t. xxii. f. 3. M L. Ramdohr regards the double one as a pair; but as they terminate in a single tube, they ought to be reckoned as one.
[606] Ibid. f. 4.
[607] Ibid. f. 2. K, L, M, N. t. xxiii. f. 6.
[608] Ibid. 177. t. xxi. f. 3. F. F.
[609] Ibid. f. 2. G, H.
[610] Ibid. t. xxii. f. 2. L.
[611] Ibid. t. xxi. f. 1. O. t. xvii. f. 6. n.
[612] Ramdohr Anat. t. xx. f. 6. D.
[613] Ibid. t. xxii. f. 1. K, L. f. 2. I, K, L.
[614] Ibid. f. 3, 4, 5.
[615] Ibid. 57—.
[616] Reaum. ii. 81. Herold Expl. of Plates, x. Malpigh. De Bombyc. 37. Plate XXX. Fig. 12. c.
[617] Herold Ibid. x. t. iv. f. 1. p, u, y. Marcel de Serres Mem. du Mus. 1819. 141.
[618] Gaede Anat. t. i. f. 3. d.
[619] Ibid. 17. t. i. f. 4.
[620] Bibl. Nat. t. xix. f. 3. β.
[621] Reaum. v. 377. t. xxix. f. 7. s.
[622] N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat. xxx. 388.
[623] Ibid. 427—.
[624] Arachnid. 31. t. ii. f. 21. p. 9.
[625] N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat. xxii. 114. 117. comp. Vol. I. p. 127.
[626] Ibid. xxviii. 6.
[627] Osservazioni, &c. 13—.
[628] Vol. II. p. 243—. N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat. iv. 308.
[629] Ibid. iv. 309.
[630] Ibid. v. 252.
[631] De Geer iv. 358. t. xiii. f. 9. m.
[632] Vol. II. p. 241—. III. p. 147—.
[633] De Geer iii. 41.
[634] Vol. I. p. 451, where by mistake it is represented as the work of Aphis Abietis.
[635] De Geer iii. 111.
[636] Reaum. iii. t. xxvi. f. 4-6.
[637] N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat. vi. 305.
[639] Treviran. Arachnid. 44. In Paraguay a spider is found which makes spherical cocoons of yellow silk, which are spun because of the permanence of the colour. This operation occasions a flow of water from the eyes and nose of the spinners. Azara Voyag. 212. See also Murray in Werner. Trans. 1823. 8—.
[640] Reaum. v. 24.
[642] Ramdohr Anat. t. ii.-vi.
[643] Ibid. 20. See above, p. 107. As some of the Sialisteria render to the stomach (see above, p. 131), there seems no small affinity between these shags and those organs.
[644] Cuv. Anat. Comp. iv. 132, 136.
[645] Reaum. vi. Pref. xxviii. 177—.
[646] Ibid. 253—.
[647] Ibid. iii. 375.
[648] Anat. t. xii. f. 6.
[649] Ibid. xxi. f. 3. I I.
[650] Reaum. iii. 230.
[652] Reaum. iii. 215. Bonnet ix. 182.
[654] Marcel de Serres Mem. du Mus. 1819. 133, 141.
[655] De Geer, v. 6.
[656] Rai. Hist. Ins. 62.
[657] Vol. II. p. 242—. 248. Rai. Hist. Ins. 94, 382.
[658] Reaum. v. 448.
[659] Ibid. v. 722.
[660] Vol. I. p. 196. II. p. 176.
[661] Encyclop. Britan. viii. 205. from Journ. de Phys.
[663] Reaum. iii. 318—. t. xxvi. f. 1-6.
[664] Ibid. 396—. t. xxxi. f. 20-29.
[665] Insect. Suec. i. 257.
[667] N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat. xvii. 189.
[668] Nicholson's Journ. i. 298—.
[670] Philos. Trans. 1670.
[671] Philos. Trans. Ibid. Ray's Lett. 74.
[672] Amoreux Ins. Venim. 236—.
[673] N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat. xii. 94.
[674] Southey's Brazil, i. 645.
[675] N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat. ubi supr.
[677] Syst. of Chemist. 533.
[678] Germar Mag. der Ent. iii. 445—.
[679] Mem. Dijon 1783. ii. 70.
[680] Reaum. v. 354.
[681] On Poisons, i. 265—.
[682] Ibid. 269.
[683] Reaum. ubi supr.
[684] Vol. I. p. 124. III. p. 716—.
[685] N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat. xxx. 427.
[686] I use the term odorous, not in the same sense as odoriferous, but to include both sweet and fetid scents.
[687] Vol. II. p. 238—. III. p. 147—.
[688] A Brazilian wood so called, but differing from the common cedar.
[689] Dotharding Insect. Coleopt. Danic.
[690] Sturm Deutsch. Fn. i. 27.
[691] Reaum. iii. 494.
[692] Mon. Ap. Angl. i. 136.
[693] Osservaz. sullo Iulus, &c. 14.
[695] N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat. xv. 487.
[696] N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat. iv. 308.
[697] Dated Tripoli in the West, January 21, 1819.
[699] Reaum. i. 145. Lyonet Anat. 106—. N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat. xvi. 224. Plate XXI. Fig. 5. a.
[700] See above, p. 90. note387.
[702] Huber i. 273.
[703] Herold Schmetterl. tab. expl. vii.
[704] Herold Schmetterl. t. iv. f. 1. x. &c. Plate XXX. Fig. 12. d.
[705] De Bombyc. 36.
[706] Ibid. t. xii. f. 1. I. and, f. 2. O. M.
[707] Philos. Trans. 1792. 186.
[708] Swammerdam, in dissecting the female of Oryctes nasicornis, discovered a blind vessel opening into the vagina, and at the other or inner extremity not terminated by any secretory tube, containing a yellowish matter, that seems analogous to the organ mentioned in the text; and in the hive-bee he found a similar organ covered with air-vessels, which he supposes to be connected with the Colleterium (see above, p. 132.), and which he states to contain a slimy matter. Bibl. Nat. i. 151. b. t. xxx. f. 10. g. 204. b. t. xxix. f. 3. t. Perhaps likewise the organ discovered by M. L. Dufour in Scolia,—which he imagines to belong to the poison-secretor, and which he describes as a sac consisting of a double tunic, the exterior one muscular and the interior membranous, and filled with a blueish-green gelatinous matter (N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat. xxx. 388.)—may be a spermatheca.
[709] De Insector. Genital. 17.
[710] I allude to those organs above described (p. 132.) for the secretion of matter for varnishing the eggs or lubricating the oviduct. It seems most probable, if the fecundation of the eggs takes place gradually, that upon their passing into the oviduct, a special reservoir should be appropriated to the reception of the male sperm, adapted to maintaining in due activity the vivifying principle, or aura seminalis.
[711] Herold Schmett. t. iv. f. 2. m n.
[712] Treviran. Arachnid. 36. t. iv. f. 32. aa. Marcel de Serres in Mém. du Mus. 1819. 89.
[713] Marcel de Serres, Mém. du Mus. 1819. 115.
[714] Rifferschw. De Genital. Ins. 11.
[715] Marcel de Serres in Mém. du Mus. 1819. 109. Plate XXX. Fig. 12. a.
[716] Rifferschw. ubi supr. 23—. Swamm. Bibl. Nat. t. xlii. f. 8. a, f, g, h.
[717] Ibid. i. 104. t. xv. f. 3. ii. 62. t. xii. f. 8. Treviran. Arachnid. t. iv. f. 32.
[718] Reaum. iv. 391.
[719] Posselt Anat. der Ins. t. i. f. 28, 29.
[720] N. Dict, d'Hist. Nat. xxx. 387—. Swamm. ubi supr. ii. 23. t. xxxv. f. 3.
[721] Ibid. i. 203.
[723] Swamm. ubi supr. i. 151. Gaede Anat. der Ins. t. ii. f. 3.
[724] Swamm. i. 203.
[725] Gaede Anat. der Ins. 20. t. i. f. 9.
[726] Ibid. 25, 28. t. ii. f. 10.
[727] Ibid. 32.
[728] Swamm. ii. 74.
[729] Ibid. 203. t. xix. f. 3.
[730] Reaum. iv. 391—.
[731] Swamm. t. xliii. f. 19.
[732] Gaede 22.
[733] Swamm. Bibl. Nat. i. 203.
[734] Ibid.
[735] Rifferschw. 11—.
[736] Swamm. t. xlii. f. 8. Gaede, t. i. f. 3. cc.
[737] Herold Schmett. t. v. f. 10. 12.
[740] Swamm. t. xix. f. 4. b.
[741] Ibid. f. 3.
[743] De Geer iv. 127. t. iv. f. 17.
[744] De Geer iv. 143. t. v. f. 15.
[746] De Geer. v. 62. t. iii. f. 12.
[748] Stoll Sauterel. t. xxii. b. f. 87, &c.
[749] De Geer iii. 418. t. xxi. f. 10, 11. Latr. Gen. Crust. et Ins. iii. 98.
[750] Stoll ubi supr. t. xiii. a. f. 51.
[751] This insect, which connects Conocephalus, Acrida, &c. with Locusta, is also distinguished by antennæ at first filiform and then setaceous.
[752] De Geer iii. t. xxiv. f. 1, 12.
[753] Ibid. 176. t. xi. f. 19.
[755] Reaum. v. 177—.
[756] Ibid. vi. 435. t. xl. f. 6, 7.
[757] Natural History of the Slug-worm, 12—. f. 12, 13.
[758] Valisn. Esperienz. &c. Musca dé Rosai. Reaum. v. 100—. De Geer ii. 916—. The last writer thought he saw in the back of the saw itself a longitudinal cavity (918), which applied to the groove would form an open canal.
[761] Reaum. v. 347. t. xlix. f. 10. d, f.
[762] See above, Vol. III. 390. a.
[763] See above, Vol. I. 448—.
[764] De Geer ii. 835. t. xxviii. f. 20, 21. Plate XV. Fig. 22. This figure was drawn by a friend—the organ seems more exerted than in De Geer's. I cannot make out the little appendage at the end.
[766] Reaum. v. 19—. t. iii. f. 3-6.
[767] Arachnid. 40.
[768] Huber Nouvel. Observ. i. 106.
[769] Swamm. Bibl. Nat. t. xix. f. 2.
[770] Philos. Trans. 1797. 80.
[772] Compare Reaum. iii. 153. Pallas Act. Nat. Cur. 1767. iii. 430. Wien. Verzeich. 292.
[773] Naturfor Stk. xx. 59—.
[774] It does not appear to be clearly decided whether the eggs are extruded from the female, or whether dying immediately after fecundation they are hatched within her body. As the young larvæ certainly are hatched in the pupa (not merely within the exterior case of bits of grass, &c., which includes it) which the body of the insect must fill, it does not seem easy to conceive how she can find room for oviposition; and yet Von Scheven expressly says that one female of Ps. vestita—which being kept from all access to the male actually left the pupa-case and wandered about the glass which contained them—laid unfruitful eggs.
[776] Bonnet i. 19—.
[777] Reaum. vi. 551.
[778] Reaum. vi. 552.
[779] N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat. ii. 284.
[780] N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat. ix. 125. Bonnet and Jurine both found that the female Aphides and Branchiopods that were fertile without the usual intercourse of the sexes were less fruitful than their mother, and those of the last generation less so than the first. Latr. Hist. Nat. des Crust. et Ins. xi. 292.
[781] See more on the subject of fecundation, Vol. II. p. 154—. 169—.
[782] N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat. xxx. 426.
[784] De Geer iii. 533.
[785] Swamm. i. 203. b. t. xix. f. 3.
[786] Reaum. ii. 66.
[791] Reaum. iv. 414.
[792] Ibid. t. xxviii. f. 14, 15.
[793] Ibid. 404.
[794] De Geer vi. 63—.
[796] De Geer iii. 70—.
[797] Ibid. 128.
[798] N. Dict. d'Hist. Nat. xxx. 426—.
[800] Vol. II. p. 50, 110—, 118—, 125—, 130—. The neuters of the Termites, however, (p. 33.) seem to be a distinct sex, if I may so speak—and to merit that name.