Heliosphæra inermis, Haeckel, 1862, Monogr. d. Radiol., p. 351, Taf. ix. fig. 1.
Surface of the thin-walled shell smooth. Pores regular, hexagonal, twelve to fifteen times as broad as the bars, seven to nine on the quadrant.
Dimensions.—Diameter of the shell 0.08 to 0.12, pores 0.012 to 0.015, bars 0.001.
Habitat.—Cosmopolitan; Mediterranean, Atlantic, Indian, Pacific, surface.
3. Cenosphæra hexagonalis, n. sp.
Surface of the thick-walled shell smooth. Pores regular, hexagonal, five to six times as broad as the bars, six to eight on the quadrant.
Dimensions.—Diameter of the shell 0.1 to 0.15, pores 0.01 to 0.012, bars 0.002.
Habitat.—Central Pacific, Stations 265 to 274, at various depths.
4. Cenosphæra mellifica, n. sp. (Pl. 12, fig. 9).
Surface of the thick-walled shell smooth. Pores regular, circular, with thin hexagonal frames, four times as broad as the bars, six to eight on the quadrant.
Dimensions.—Diameter of the shell 0.2, pores 0.12, bars 0.003.
Habitat.—South Pacific, Station 288, surface.
5. Cenosphæra favosa, n. sp. (Pl. 12, fig. 10).
Surface of the thick-walled shell rough. Pores regular, circular, with thin hexagonal frames, three times as broad as the bars, ten to twelve on the quadrant.
Dimensions.—Diameter of the shell 0.2, pores 0.09, bars 0.003.
Habitat.—North Atlantic, Færöe Channel (Gulf Stream), John Murray, surface.
6. Cenosphæra vesparia, n. sp. (Pl. 12, fig. 11).
Surface of the thick-walled shell smooth. Pores regular, circular, with thick hexagonal frames, twice as broad as the bars, ten to twelve on the quadrant.
Dimensions.—Diameter of the shell 0.25, pores 0.016, bars 0.008.
Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 265, depth 2900 fathoms, and surface.
7. Cenosphæra bombus, n. sp.
Shell thick walled, rough. Pores regular, circular, with thin hexagonal frames, of the same breadth as the bars, twenty to twenty-two on the quadrant.
Dimensions.—Diameter of the shell 0.3, pores and bars 0.005.
Habitat.—Tropical Atlantic, Station 347, depth 2250 fathoms.
8. Cenosphæra melecta, n. sp.
Shell thick walled, papillate. Pores regular, circular, double-edged, with thick hexagonal frames, of the same breadth as the bars; a short conical papilla in the corner of each hexagon; fourteen to sixteen pores on the quadrant.
Dimensions.—Diameter of the shell 0.2, pores and bars 0.008.
Habitat.—Fossil in Barbados.
9. Cenosphæra anthophora, n. sp.
Shell thick walled, papillate. Pores regular, circular, with an elegant six-lobed frame and a coronal of six short papillæ; the latter alternating with the six lobes (quite as in Pl. 28, fig. 1b). Pores twice as broad as the bars, ten to twelve on the quadrant.
Dimensions.—Diameter of the shell 0.13, pores 0.01, bars 0.005.
Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 271, surface.
10. Cenosphæra rosetta, n. sp.
Shell thin walled, smooth. Pores regular, circular, with an elegant six-lobed outer opening, without papillæ. Pores of the same breadth as the bars, six to eight on the quadrant.
Dimensions.—Diameter of the shell 0.1, pores and bars 0.006.
Habitat.—South Atlantic, Station 323, depth 1900 fathoms.
Definition.—Pores of the spherical shell regular or subregular, circular, without hexagonal frames or lobes, all nearly of equal size and form.
11. Cenosphæra porophæna, Ehrenberg.
Cenosphæra porophæna, Ehrenberg, 1858, Monatsber. d. k. preuss. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, p. 31.
Shell thin walled, smooth. Pores regular, circular, six to eight times as broad as the bars, five to six on the quadrant.
Dimensions.—Diameter of the shell 0.1, pores 0.012, bars 0.002.
Habitat.—Mediterranean (Crete, depth 1100 fathoms; Corfu, surface).
12. Cenosphæra setosa, Ehrenberg.
Cenosphæra setosa, Ehrenberg, 1872, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, p. 287, Taf. vii. fig. 1.
Shell thin walled, covered with very short and numerous bristles. Pores regular, circular, five to six times as broad as the bars, six to eight on the quadrant.
Dimensions.—Diameter of the shell 0.17, pores 0.2, bars 0.03.
Habitat.—West Tropical Pacific, 3300 fathoms; Philippine Sea, Station 200, depth 250 fathoms.
13. Cenosphæra plutonis, Ehrenberg.
Cenosphæra plutonis, Ehrenberg, 1854, Mikrogeol., Taf. xxxv. B, B. iv. fig. 20.
Shell thin walled, covered with short conical papillæ. Pores regular, circular, twice as broad as the bars, eight to nine on the quadrant.
Dimensions.—Diameter of the shell 0.09, pores 0.006, bars 0.003.
Habitat.—North Atlantic, Station 353, depth 2965 fathoms.
14. Cenosphæra proserpinæ, n. sp.
Shell thin walled, smooth. Pores regular, circular, four times as broad as the bars, five to six on the quadrant.
Dimensions.—Diameter of the shell 0.08, pores 0.008, bars 0.002.
Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 265, depth 2900 fathoms.
15. Cenosphæra eridani, n. sp.
Shell thin walled, smooth. Pores regular, circular, three times as broad as the bars, eleven to twelve on the quadrant.
Dimensions.—Diameter of the shell 0.16, pores 0.01, bars 0.003.
Habitat.—South Pacific, Station 295, depth 1500 fathoms.
16. Cenosphæra lethe, n. sp.
Shell thick walled, smooth. Pores regular, circular, double-edged, five times as broad as the bars, sixteen to eighteen on the quadrant.
Dimensions.—Diameter of the shell 0.25, pores 0.01, bars 0.002.
Habitat.—North Atlantic, Station 64, depth 2700 fathoms.
17. Cenosphæra elysia, n. sp. (Pl. 12, fig. 8).
Shell thick walled, rough. Pores regular, circular, double-edged, twice as broad as the bars, twelve to fourteen on the quadrant.
Dimensions.—Diameter of the shell 0.2, pores 0.01, bars 0.005.
Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 266, depth 2750 fathoms.
18. Cenosphæra nirwana, n. sp.
Shell thick walled, smooth. Pores regular, circular, twice as broad as the bars, twenty-four to twenty-five on the quadrant.
Dimensions.—Diameter of the shell 0.25, pores 0.004, bars 0.002.
Habitat.—Indian Ocean, Belligemma, Ceylon, surface; Haeckel.
19. Cenosphæra maxima, n. sp.
Shell thick walled, smooth. Pores regular, circular, twice as broad as the bars, thirty to thirty-three on the quadrant.
Dimensions.—Diameter of the shell 0.3 to 0.4, pores 0.012, bars 0.006.
Habitat.—West Tropical Pacific, Station 225, depth 4475; also fossil in Barbados.
20. Cenosphæra compacta, n. sp. (Pl. 12, fig. 7).
Shell very thick walled, rough (its wall one-fourth to one-third as thick as the radius). Pores subregular, circular, of the same breadth as the bars, seven to eight on the quadrant.
Dimensions.—Diameter of the shell 0.15, pores and bars 0.012.
Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 265, depth 2900 fathoms.
Cenosphæra radiata, Zittel, 1876 (L. N. 29, p. 84, Taf. ii. figs. 7, 8), a fossil Cretaceous species, is closely allied to Cenosphæra compacta.
21. Cenosphæra crassa, n. sp.
Shell very thick walled, rough (its wall nearly half as thick as the radius). Pores tubular, double-edged, regular, circular, ten times as broad as the thin united bars, twelve to fourteen on the quadrant.
Dimensions.—Diameter of the shell 0.14, pores 0.01, bars 0.001.
Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 268, depth 2900 fathoms.
22. Cenosphæra solida, n. sp.
Shell very thick walled, covered with innumerable short bristles (its wall one-third as thick as the radius). Pores regular, circular, four times as broad as the bars, tubular, eight to ten on the quadrant.
Dimensions.—Diameter of the shell 0.2, pores 0.02, bars 0.005.
Habitat.—Antarctic Ocean, Station 157, depth 1950 fathoms.
Definition.—Pores of the spherical shell irregularly polygonal, of unequal size or form, sometimes roundish with polygonal frames.
23. Cenosphæra reticulata, Haeckel.
Cyrtidosphæra reticulata, Haeckel, 1862, Monogr. d. Radiol., p. 349, Taf. xi. fig. 2.
Shell very thin walled, smooth. Pores irregular, polygonal, two to eight times as broad as the bars, fifteen to twenty on the quadrant (groups of four to eight smaller meshes are scattered on the surface, and separated by reticular rows of larger meshes).
Dimensions.—Diameter of the shell 0.16, pores 0.004 to 0.016, bars 0.002.
Habitat.—Mediterranean (Messina), surface.
24. Cenosphæra tenerrima, n. sp.
Shell extremely thin walled, smooth, like a cobweb. Pores very irregular and small, polygonal with thread-like bars, thirty to forty on the quadrant.
Dimensions.—Diameter of the shell 0.25, pores 0.002 to 0.008, bars under 0.001.
Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 271, surface.
25. Cenosphæra polygonalis, n. sp.
Shell thin walled, smooth, with irregular, polygonal pores, three to four times as broad as the bars, eight to ten on the quadrant.
Dimensions.—Diameter of the shell 0.2, pores 0.012 to 0.02, bars 0.005.
Habitat.—North Pacific, Station 236, surface.
26. Cenosphæra papillata, n. sp.
Shell thick walled, covered with short conical papillæ. Pores irregular, polygonal, three to five times as broad as the bars, fourteen to sixteen on the quadrant.
Dimensions.—Diameter of the shell 0.12, pores 0.004 to 0.007, bars 0.0015.
Habitat.—South Atlantic, Station 325, surface.
27. Cenosphæra cristata, n. sp.
Shell thick walled, rough. Pores irregular, roundish, surrounded by polygonal crested frames two to three times as broad as the bars, eight to twelve on the quadrant.
Dimensions.—Diameter of the shell 0.16, pores 0.006 to 0.01, bars 0.003.
Habitat.—North Pacific, Station 254, surface.
28. Cenosphæra perforata, n. sp. (Pl. 26, fig. 10).
Ceriosphæra perforata, Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus et Atlas, loc. cit.
Shell thick walled, rough. Pores irregular, roundish, surrounded by high polygonal funnel-shaped frames, which are solid in the inner half, perforated by numerous very small pores in the outer half, sieve-shaped. Pores one to three times as broad as the bars, of very different size, four to six on the quadrant.
Dimensions.—Diameter of the shell 0.15, pores 0.01 to 0.02, bars 0.005 to 0.01.
Habitat.—Tropical Atlantic, Station 347, depth 2250 fathoms.
29. Cenosphæra coronata, n. sp. (Pl. 26, fig. 11).
Shell thick walled, rough. Pores irregular, roundish, surrounded by high polygonal frames bearing on their sharp crest a series of small papillæ, so that each pore is surrounded by a coronal of such spinules. Pores four to eight times as broad as the bars, four to five on the quadrant.
Dimensions.—Diameter of the shell 0.15, pores 0.01 to 0.03, bars 0.002 to 0.008.
Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 272, depth 2600 fathoms.
Definition.—Pores of the spherical shell irregular, roundish, without polygonal frames, of unequal size or form.
30. Cenosphæra antiqua, Haeckel.
Cenosphæra plutonis, var., Dunikowski, 1882, Denkschr. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss. Wien, Bd. xlv. p. 25, Taf. iv. figs. 47, 48.
Cenosphæra plutonis, var., Stöhr, 1880, Palæontogr. xxvi. p. 85, Taf. i. fig. 1.
Shell thin walled, smooth. Pores irregular, roundish, two to eight times as broad as the bars, ten to fifteen on the quadrant.
Dimensions.—Diameter of the shell 0.15 to 0.2, pores 0.007 to 0.015, bars 0.002 to 0.008.
Habitat.—Fossil in the Jurassic, Cretaceous, and Tertiary formations; living in the depths of the Atlantic and Pacific; Station 332, depth 2200 fathoms; Station 225, depth 4475 fathoms, &c.
31. Cenosphæra gigantea, n. sp.
Shell thick walled, smooth. Pores irregular, roundish, two to five times as broad as the bars, thirty to forty on the quadrant.
Dimensions.—Diameter of the shell 0.4 to 0.5, pores 0.004 to 0.01, bars 0.002.
Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 268, depth 2900 fathoms; also fossil in Barbados.
32. Cenosphæra marginata, n. sp.
Shell very thick walled, smooth. Pores irregular, roundish, double-edged, three to eight times as broad as the bars, six to eight on the quadrant.
Dimensions.—Diameter of the shell 0.12, pores 0.01 to 0.03, bars 0.004.
Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 274, depth 2750 fathoms.
33. Cenosphæra aspera, Stöhr.
Cenosphæra aspera, Stöhr, 1880, Palæontogr. Bd. xxvi. p. 85, Taf. i. fig. 2.
Shell thick walled, rough, covered with short conical papillæ. Pores irregular, roundish, of about the same breadth as the bars, eight to twelve on the quadrant.
Dimensions.—Diameter of the shell 0.17, pores and bars 0.01 to 0.04.
Habitat.—Fossil in Tertiary rocks of Sicily; Grotte, Stöhr.
34. Cenosphæra hirsuta, Ehrenberg.
Cenosphæra hirsuta, Ehrenberg, 1872, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss., Berlin, p. 287, Taf. x. fig. 18.
Shell thin walled, rough, covered with innumerable very short bristles. Pores very irregular, roundish, of about the same breadth as the bars.
Dimensions.—Diameter of the shell 0.11, pores and bars 0.002 to 0.012.
Habitat.—Indian Ocean, Zanzibar, Pullen; depth 2200 fathoms.
Definition.—Liosphærida with one single latticed sphere, with simple shell-pores (not prolonged into free tubuli); in the central point of the spherical shell-cavity are united a number of radial beams, which become forked and inserted into the inner surface of the shell by their distal ends.
The genus Stigmosphæra differs from Cenosphæra (and from all other Monosphærida) by internal radial beams, which are united in the centre of the simple spherical shell; these beams are branched, and the distal ends of the branches inserted on the internal surface of the shell. I have observed only two, nearly identical specimens of this genus, both with regular, hexagonal pores and thin bars; the beams were implanted in the corners of the hexagons. In one specimen the surface was covered with short radial bristles, whilst these in the other specimen were prolonged into radial spines (like Acanthosphæra). Possibly this peculiar genus is derived from Carposphæra, by reduction and loss of a central medullary shell.
Stigmosphæra actinocentra, n. sp.
Shell very thin walled, rough, with regular circular, hexagonally framed pores, six times as broad as the bars, eight to ten on the quadrant; in the corner of each hexagon a small bristle. In the central point of the shell are united about twelve (?) thin and straight radial beams, which are forked, with dichotomous branches; the distal ends of the branches are inserted in the corners of the hexagons on the inside of the shell.
Dimensions.—Diameter of the shell 0.15, pores 0.02, bars 0.003.
Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 271, surface.
Definition.—Liosphærida with one single latticed sphere, with simple shell-cavity; with shell-pores which are prolonged on the outside in centrifugal, conical, or cylindrical tubuli.
The genus Ethmosphæra differs from the simple Cenosphæra, its ancestral form, by the peculiar formation of the shell-pores; in all observed species of the genus these are quite regular, of nearly equal size and form; their base in the spherical shell-face is hexagonal, but on the outside prolonged into centrifugal, external, radial tubuli, which are either conical or cylindrical (in the latter case both openings of the tubes being equal, in the former the outer opening being smaller than the inner). The solitary Ethmosphæra corresponds to the social Siphonosphæra; but in the former the formation of the shell and of its tubuli is quite regular, in the latter more or less irregular.
Definition.—Tubuli conical, their outer opening smaller than the inner.
1. Ethmosphæra siphonophora, Haeckel.
Ethmosphæra siphonophora, Haeckel, 1862, Monogr. d. Radiol., p. 350, Taf. xi. fig. 1.
Tubuli conical, their outer opening half as broad as the inner and three times as broad as their height. Five to six pores on the quadrant. Diameter of the outer pores one and a half times as large as their distance from each other.
Dimensions.—Diameter of the shell 0.1, outer pores 0.01, their distance 0.007.
Habitat.—Mediterranean (Messina), surface, Haeckel.
2. Ethmosphæra conosiphonia, n. sp. (Pl. 12, figs. 5, 5a).
Tubuli conical, their outer opening two thirds as broad as the inner, and scarcely broader than their height. Ten to twelve pores on the quadrant. Diameter of the outer pores twice as large as their distance from each other.
Dimensions.—Diameter of the shell 0.17, outer pores 0.01, their distance 0.005.
Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 268, depth 2900 fathoms.
3. Ethmosphæra polysiphonia, n. sp. (Pl. 12, fig. 6).
Tubuli conical, their outer opening three-fourths as broad as the inner and three times as broad as their height. Sixteen to eighteen pores on the quadrant. Diameter of the outer pores three times as large as their distance apart.
Dimensions.—Diameter of the shell 0.2, outer pores 0.008, their distance 0.003.
Habitat.—West Tropical Pacific, Station 225, depth 4475 fathoms; also fossil in Barbados and in Sicily.
Definition.—Tubuli cylindrical, their outer opening about as large as the inner.
4. Ethmosphæra stenosiphonia, n. sp.
Tubuli cylindrical, short, quite contiguous, so that their diameter is six times as large as their distance apart, but about equal to their height. Nine to ten pores on the quadrant.
Dimensions.—Diameter of the shell 0.14, outer pores 0.012, their distance 0.002.
Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 271, surface.
5. Ethmosphæra pachysiphonia, n. sp.
Tubuli cylindrical, twice as long as broad, very thick-walled, and nearly contiguous, so that their diameter is five times as large as their distance apart. The thickness of their wall is equal to their lumen. Twelve to fourteen pores on the quadrant.
Dimensions.—Diameter of the shell 0.16, outer pores 0.01, their distance 0.002.
Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 265, depth 2900 fathoms.
6. Ethmosphæra leptosiphonia, n. sp.
Tubuli cylindrical, short, about as long as broad, very thin-walled and fragile, separated by wide distances, which are three times as large as their diameter. Six to seven pores on the quadrant. (Very similar to Siphonosphæra cyathina, Pl. 6, fig. 10, but quite regular, all tubuli retaining the same size and distance.)
Dimensions.—Diameter of the shell 0.12, outer pores 0.01, their distance 0.03.
Habitat.—North Atlantic, Færöe Channel, John Murray; surface.
7. Ethmosphæra macrosiphonia, n. sp.
Tubuli cylindrical, very elongated, four times as long as broad; their bases separated by distances which are equal to their breadth. Eight to ten tubuli on the quadrant. (The tubes are similar to those of Siphonosphæra serpula, Pl. 6, fig. 6, but quite regular, straight, not curved, all of the same size and at equal distances apart.)
Dimensions.—Diameter of the shell 0.1, length of the tubes 0.04, breadth 0.01, basal distance 0.01.
Habitat.—Indian Ocean, Cocos Islands, surface, Rabbe.
Definition.—Liosphærida with one single latticed sphere, with simple shell-cavity; with shell-pores, which are prolonged on the inside into centripetal, conical, or cylindrical tubuli.
The genus Sethosphæra differs from its ancestral form, Cenosphæra, by the production of internal, centripetal, radial tubuli on the inside of the shell (the contrary of the preceding genus Ethmosphæra). It corresponds therefore to the social Pharyngosphæra; but in the latter the formation of the shell and its tubes is more or less irregular, whilst in the former each regular pore is prolonged into a regular tubule.
1. Sethosphæra entosiphonia, n. sp.
Shell with smooth surface and regular circular pores, separated by hexagonal frames, twice as broad as the bars. Six to eight on the quadrant. Each pore is prolonged on the inside of the shell in a short conical centripetal tube, twice as long as its diameter.
Dimensions.—Diameter of the shell 0.15, outer pores 0.008, bars 0.004, length of the tubuli 0.015.
Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 272, depth 2600 fathoms.
2. Sethosphæra entosolenia, n. sp.
Shell with smooth surface and regular circular pores, without hexagonal frames, of about the same breadth as the bars. Ten to twelve on the quadrant. Each pore is prolonged on the inside of the shell into a thin cylindrical centripetal tube, three times as long as its diameter.
Dimensions.—Diameter of the shell 0.2, outer pores and bars 0.006, length of the tubuli 0.02.
Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 268, depth 2900 fathoms.
Definition.—Liosphærida with two concentric spherical lattice-shells, which are united by radial beams.
Carposphæra,[31] Haeckel, 1881, Prodromus, p. 451.
Definition.—Liosphærida with one medullary (intracapsular) and one cortical (extracapsular) shell, both connected by radial beams piercing the central capsule.
The genus Carposphæra comprises a large number of double-shelled Sphæroidea, formerly united with Haliomma, but different from this genus by the absence of radial spines. The shell is composed of two concentric latticed spheres, the inner of which (or the medullary shell) is situated within the central capsule, the other (or the cortical shell) outside it. Both shells are connected by radial beams which pierce the wall of the central capsule. The distance between the shells is at least as large as (commonly much larger than) the radius of the inner shell, whilst in the following genus, Liosphæra, that distance is much smaller than this radius.
Definition.—Pores of the cortical shell regular, hexagonal (or circular, with hexagonal frames or lobes), all of nearly equal size and form.
1. Carposphæra capillacea, n. sp.
Cortical shell very delicate, four times as broad as the similarly constructed medullary shell, with regular hexagonal meshes (twenty to twenty-five on the quadrant) and very thin thread-like bars. Both shells connected by twenty (?) very thin radial beams. (Similar to Heliosoma radians, Pl. 28, fig. 3, 3a, but with smooth surface, without any radial spines.)
Dimensions.—Diameter of the outer shell 0.2, inner 0.05, pores 0.01, bars below 0.001.
Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 274, surface.
2. Carposphæra cubaxonia, n. sp.
Cortical shell smooth, three times as broad as the medullary shell, with regular hexagonal pores, four times as broad as the bars. Eight to ten pores on the quadrant. Medullary shell with regular circular pores, twice as broad as the bars. Both shells connected by six radial beams, which are three-sided prismatical, opposite in pairs in the three dimensive axes.
Dimensions.—Diameter of the outer shell 0.15, inner 0.05; outer pores 0.01, inner 0.005.
Habitat.—South Pacific, Station 291, surface.
3. Carposphæra infundibulum, Haeckel.
Haliomma infundibuliforme, Stöhr, 1880, Palæontogr. Bd. xxvi. p. 87, Taf. i. fig. 6.
Cortical shell very thick-walled, two and a half times as broad as the medullary shell, with rough surface and regular hexagonal, funnel-shaped pores, of about the same breadth as the bars. Five to six on the quadrant.
Dimensions.—Diameter of the outer shell 0.1, inner 0.04, outer pores and bars 0.01.
Habitat.—North Atlantic, Station 354; fossil in Tertiary rocks (Barbados and Sicily).
4. Carposphæra melissa, n. sp.
Cortical shell thick walled, four times as broad as the medullary shell, with regular circular, hexagonally framed pores, three times as broad as the bars. Eight to ten pores on the quadrant. Medullary shell with simple circular pores.
Dimensions.—Diameter of the outer shell 0.16, inner 0.04, outer pores 0.012, bars 0.004.
Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 268, depth 2900 fathoms.
5. Carposphæra melitomma, n. sp. (Pl. 20, fig. 4).
Melitomma melittosphæra, Haeckel, 1881; Prodromus et Atlas, loc. cit.
Cortical shell thick walled, with thorny surface, two and a half times as broad as the medullary shell. Its pores regular, circular, twice as broad as the bars, elegantly six-lobed, separated by crested hexagonal frames; in each hexagon-corner a short conical papilla (alternating with a lobe). Eight to ten pores on the quadrant. Medullary shell with small simple circular pores.
Dimensions.—Diameter of the outer shell 0.17, inner 0.07, outer pores 0.01, bars 0.005, inner pores 0.005.
Habitat.—Central Pacific, Stations 266 to 274, in various depths.
Definition.—Pores of the cortical shell regular, circular, without hexagonal frames, all of nearly equal size and form.
6. Carposphæra cerasus, n. sp.
Cortical shell thin walled, smooth, twice as broad as the medullary shell; both with regular circular pores, six times as broad as the bars. Twelve to fifteen pores on the quadrant. Outer pores twice as large as the inner.
Dimensions.—Diameter of the outer shell 0.24, inner 0.12; outer pores 0.016, inner 0.008.
Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 271, surface.
7. Carposphæra apiculata, Haeckel.
? Haliomma apiculatum, Ehrenberg, 1872; Monatsber. d. k. preuss. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, p. 313.
Cortical shell thin-walled, covered with numerous short conical thorns, three times as broad as the medullary shell. Pores regular, circular, four times as broad as the bars. Six to eight pores on the quadrant.
Dimensions.—Diameter of the outer shell 0.15, inner 0.05, outer pores 0.012, bars 0.03.
Habitat.—North Pacific, California, depth 2000 fathoms; Station 254, depth 3025 fathoms.
8. Carposphæra entactinia, Haeckel.
Haliomma entactinia, Ehrenberg, 1875, Abhandl. d. k. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, p. 74, Taf. xxvi. fig. 4.
Cortical shell thick walled, rough, twice as broad as the medullary shell; both shells with regular circular pores, twice as broad as the bars. Six to eight pores on the quadrant. Outer pores half as broad as the inner. Both shells connected by very numerous (twenty-four to forty-eight or more) radial beams.
Dimensions.—Diameter of the outer shell 0.12, inner 0.06, outer pores 0.008, bars 0.004, inner pores 0.004.
Habitat.—Cosmopolitan; Atlantic and Pacific, in various depths; fossil in Barbados and Sicily.
9. Carposphæra modesta, Haeckel.
Haliomma modestum, Stöhr, 1880, Palæontogr. Bd. xxvi. p. 86, Taf. i. fig. 5.
Cortical shell thick walled, rough, three times as broad as the medullary shell, with regular circular pores of the same breadth as the bars. Eight to twelve pores on the quadrant. (Very common, like the preceding species, and connected with it by numerous intermediate forms.)
Dimensions.—Diameter of the outer shell 0.12 to 0.2, inner 0.04 to 0.07, pores and bars 0.006 to 0.008.
Habitat.—Atlantic and Pacific, from many Stations and at various depths; fossil in Barbados and Sicily.
10. Carposphæra belladonna, n. sp.
Cortical shell thick walled, smooth, five times as broad as the medullary shell, with regular circular pores of the same breadth as the bars. Twenty to twenty-two pores on the quadrant.
Dimensions.—Diameter of the outer shell 0.3, inner 0.06, outer pores and bars 0.004.
Habitat.—North Atlantic, Færöe Channel, John Murray.
11. Carposphæra areca, n. sp.
Cortical shell very thick walled, rough, twice as broad as the medullary shell, with regular circular pores half as broad as the bars. Eight to ten pores on the quadrant.
Dimensions.—Diameter of the outer shell 0.12, inner 0.06, outer pores 0.03, bars 0.006.
Habitat.—Indian Ocean, Ceylon, Haeckel, surface.
Definition.—Pores of the cortical shell irregular polygonal, of unequal size or dissimilar form.
12. Carposphæra prunulum, n. sp.
Cortical shell thin walled, smooth, four times as broad as the medullary shell, with large irregular polygonal pores, four to eight times as broad as the bars. Connecting beams between them numerous.
Dimensions.—Diameter of the outer shell 0.24, inner 0.06, outer pores 0.008 to 0.016, bars 0.002.
Habitat.—South Atlantic, Station 325, surface.
13. Carposphæra corypha, n. sp.
Cortical shell thin walled, rough, three times as broad as the medullary shell, with irregular polygonal pores, three to six times as broad as the bars. Connecting beams between the two shells twenty, regularly disposed.
Dimensions.—Diameter of the outer shell 0.15, inner 0.05, outer pores 0.01 to 0.02, bars 0.003.
Habitat.—South Pacific, Station 300, surface.
14. Carposphæra borassus, n. sp.
Cortical shell thick walled, smooth, three times as broad as the medullary shell, with irregular polygonal pores, two to four times as broad as the bars. Connecting beams between the two shells six, opposite by pairs in the three dimensive axes. (Similar to Hexalonche aristarchi, Pl. 22, fig. 3, but without external radial spines.)
Dimensions.—Diameter of the outer shell 0.12, inner 0.04, outer pores 0.01 to 0.02, bars 0.005.
Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 268, surface.
Definition.—Pores of the cortical shell irregular roundish, of unequal size or form.
15. Carposphæra nobilis, Haeckel.
Haliomma nobile, Ehrenberg, 1844, Monatsber. d. k. preuss. Akad. d. Wiss. Berlin, p. 268; Abhandl., 1875, Taf. xxvii. fig. 6.
Cortical shell thin walled, rough, twice as broad as the medullary shell, with irregular roundish pores, two to four times as broad as the bars.
Dimensions.—Diameter of the outer shell 0.1, inner 0.05, outer pores 0.01 to 0.02, bars 0.006.
Habitat.—Cosmopolitan; Atlantic, Indian, Pacific, at various depths; fossil in Jurassic, Cretaceous, and Tertiary rocks.
16. Carposphæra micrococcus, n. sp.
Cortical shell thin walled, rough, seven times as broad as the medullary shell, with irregular roundish pores, three to six times as broad as the bars.
Dimensions.—Diameter of the outer shell 0.2, inner 0.03, outer pores 0.012 to 0.025, bars 0.004.
Habitat.—South Atlantic, Station 330, surface.
17. Carposphæra maxima, n. sp.
Cortical shell thin walled, smooth, five times as broad as the medullary shell, with irregular roundish pores, of about the same breadth as the bars.
Dimensions.—Diameter of the outer shell 0.4, inner 0.08, pores and bars 0.004 to 0.008.
Habitat.—Central Pacific, Station 272, depth 2600 fathoms.
18. Carposphæra nodosa, n. sp. (Pl. 28, figs. 2, 2a).