The Project Gutenberg eBook of The Geography of Strabo Vol. I., translated by H. C. Hamilton.

1389 The Allobroges and Segusii were separated by the Rhone; the former inhabiting the left bank of the river.

1390 The Saone rises in the Vosges.

1391 These people are elsewhere called by Strabo Lingones, the name by which they are designated by other writers.

1392 The Doubs rises in the Jura, not in the Alps. Ptolemy falls into the same mistake as Strabo.

1393 We have here followed the proposed correction of Ziegler.

1395 This name is written diversely, Tectosages, Tectosagæ, and Tectosagi. It appears to be composed of the two Latin words, “tectus,” covered, and “sagum,” a species of cassock.

1396 Viz. between Lodève and Toulouse; we must remember that Strabo supposed the chain of the Cevennes to run west and east.

1398 These three nations inhabited Galatia, of which Ancyra was the capital.

1399 279 years before the Christian era.

1400 Justin tells us that the Tectosages on returning to Toulouse from the expedition, were attacked with a pestilential malady, from which they could find no relief until they complied with the advice of their augurs, and cast the ill-gotten wealth into a lake. Justin, lib. xxxii. c. 3.

1401 The Atlantic and Mediterranean.

1403 The Lexovii inhabited the southern banks of the Seine, Lizieux was anciently their capital. The Caleti occupied the opposite side of the Seine, and the sea-coast as far as Tréport.

1404 The inhabitants of Auvergne.

1405 The ancient Liger.

1407 The whole of Gaul bore the name of Keltica long before the Romans had penetrated into that country. After their conquest of the southern provinces, they distinguished them from the rest of Keltica by conferring on them the name of Gallia Narbonensis. Aristotle gave the name of Kelts to the inhabitants of the country near Narbonne. Polybius tells us that the Pyrenees separated the Iberians from the Kelts; while Diodorus Siculus fixed the position of the Kelts between the Alps and the Pyrenees.

1408 “Strabo,” says Gosselin, “always, argues on the hypothesis that the Pyrenees run from south to north; that the Garonne and the Loire flowed in the same direction; that the Cevennes stretched from west to east; and that the coasts of Gaul, from the Pyrenees, rose gently towards the north, bending considerably east.”

1409 The Garonne becomes navigable at Cazères near to Rieux, in the ancient Comté de Comminges. From this point to its mouth, following the sinuosities of the river, there are about 68 leagues of 20 to a degree, or 2030 Olympic stadia. The Loire is navigable as far as St. Rambert, about three leagues from St. Etienne-en-Forez, that is to say, double the distance assigned by Strabo. 2000 stadia measured from the mouth of the Loire would extend merely as far as Orleans.

1410 Probably the Arriége, the Tarn, and the Dordogne.

1411 Ἰοσκῶν MSS.

1412 The present Saintes was the capital of this nation.

1414 Poictiers was the capital of the Pictones or Pictavi, and Nantes of the Namnetæ.

1415 Scipio Æmilianus.

1417 The Gulfs of Gascony and Lyons.

1418 The Tarbelli occupied the sea-coast from the Pyrenees to the Lake of Arcachon.

1419 The Canton of Comminges.

1421 Xylander thinks that these Onesii may be identical with the Monesi of Pliny. Gosselin says that the hot springs are probably the baths of Bagnières-sur-l’Adour.

1422 The territory of the city of Auch.

1423 The inhabitants of Vivarais.

1424 The inhabitants of Vélai.

1425 The inhabitants of Auvergne.

1427 The inhabitants of Périgord, Agénois, Querci, and Berri.

1428 The inhabitants of Saintonge and Poitou.

1429 The inhabitants of Rouergue and Gévaudan.

1430 Gosselin supposes that this city is Clermont in Auvergne at some distance from the Allier.

1432 The people of the Chartrain.

1433 Cæsar himself (lib. vii. c. 76) states the number at 248,000 men.

1434 A city near Clermont.

1435 Alise. The ruins of Alesia, says Gosselin, still exist near to Flavigni in Burgundy, on Mount Auxois, between two small rivers, the Oze and the Ozerain, which flow into the Brenne.

1437 In Athenæus, (lib. iv. p. 152,) this name is written Luernius.

1439 MSS. read ὑπὸ, “under,” we have not hesitated to translate it ἐπὶ, like the Italian, French, and German versions; although Kramer remarks “paulo audacius,” of Coray’s reading ἐπὶ in the Greek.

1441 Kramer says that ἄλλος is manifestly corrupt.—I have ventured to translate it _another altar_.

1442 Kramer concurs with Falconer and Gosselin in understanding this passage to have been originally between the Rhone and the Loire.

1443 Σηκοάνας.

1445 Châlons-sur-Saone.

1446 Autun, according to Gosselin. Beurect, according to Ferrarius.

1447 Cæsar, Tacitus, and other writers, also speak of this relationship of the Ædui with the Romans.

1448 _Lit._ “As for the Ædui on these accounts indeed.”

1449 The sources of the Rhine take their rise in Mount St. Gothard and Mount Bernardin, while the Adda rises in the glaciers of the Valteline. Adula, however, may have been the name of the Rhætian Alps.

1450 The Lake of Como.

1451 The Lake of Constance.

1452 The Rhæti occupied the Tirol; the Vindelici that portion of Bavaria south of the Danube.

1453 Ptolemy says it has three. It appears that the ancient mouths of this river were not the same as the present.

1456 Gosselin identifies the Cimbri as the inhabitants of Jutland or Denmark.

1457 Casaubon remarks that the text must be corrupt, since Strabo’s account of the Helvetii must have been taken from Cæsar, who (lib. i. c. 29) states the number of slain at 258,000, and the survivors at 110,000.

1458 The Sequani occupied La Franche-Comté.

1459 Metz was the capital of the Mediomatrici.

1460 These people dwelt between the Rhine and the Vosges, nearly from Colmar to Hagenau.

1461 The Allobroges dwelt to the left of the Rhone, between that river and the Isère.

1462 The Arverni have given their name to Auvergne, and the Carnutes to Chartrain.

1463 Strabo here copies Cæsar exactly, who, speaking of his second passage into Britain, (lib. v. c. 8,) says: “Ad solis occasum naves solvit ... accessum est ad Britanniam omnibus navibus meridiano fere tempore.”

1464 The capital of these people is Trèves.

1465 Viz. to the western bank of the river.

1466 The Nervii occupied Hainault, and the Comté de Namur.

1467 The Sicambri occupied the countries of Berg, Mark, and Arensberg. They afterwards formed part of the people included under the name of Franci or Franks.

1468 Bavai, to the south of Valenciennes, was the capital of the Nervii; Duricortora, now Rheims, of the Remi; Arras of the Atrebates, and Tongres of the Eburones.

1469 Térouane was the principal city of the Morini, Beauvais of the Bellovaci, Amiens of the Ambiani, Soissons of the Suessiones, and Lilebonne of the Caleti.

1470 Cæsar (lib. vi. c. 29) describes the forest of Ardennes as 500 miles in extent.

1472 West of the Rhine.

1473 Ptolemy names it Lucotecia; Cæsar, Lutetia. Julian, who was proclaimed emperor by his army in this city, names it Leucetia.

1474 The inhabitants of Vannes and the surrounding country.

1475 Neque enim his nostræ rostro nocere poterant; tanta erat in his firmitudo. Cæsar, lib. iii. c. 13.

1476 Vide Cæsar, lib. iii. c. 14.

1477 The Boii, who passed into Italy, established themselves near to Bologna.

1478 The Senones, or inhabitants of Sens, are thought to have founded Sienna in Italy.

1479 The promontory of Calbium, the present Cape Saint-Mahé, is here alluded to.

1480 Gosselin observes, “These people called themselves by the name of Kelts; the Greeks styled them Galatæ, and the Latins Galli or Gauls.”

1481 The Cimbri inhabited Denmark and the adjacent regions.

1482 The inhabitants of the Beauvoisis.

1483 Vide Cæsar, lib. ii. c. 4.

1484 This slashed garment is the smock frock of the English peasant and the blouse of the continent.

1485 Conf. Cæsar, lib. vi. c. 13. Plebs pene servorum habetur loco, quæ per se nihil audet, et nulli adhibetur consilio.

1486 By the others are probably meant the Bards and Vates.

1487 These opinions are also to be found in the Pythagorean philosophy.

1488 These particulars are taken from Posidonius. See also Diodorus Siculus, lib. v. c. 29.

1489 A similar custom existed amongst the Spartans; the young people were obliged to present themselves from time to time before the Ephori, and if of the bulk thought proper for a Spartan, they were praised, if on the contrary they appeared too fat, they were punished. Athen. l. xii. p. 550. Ælian, V. H. l. xiv. c. 7. At Rome likewise it was the duty of the censor to see that the equites did not become too fat; if they did, they were punished with the loss of their horse. Aulus Gellius, Noct. Att. l. vii. c. 22.

1490 Transalpine Gaul.

1491 The coasts occupied by the Morini extended from la Canche to the Yser.

1492 The Menapii occupied Brabant.

1493 General opinion places the port Itius at Wissant, near Cape Grisnez; Professor Airy, however, is of opinion that the portus Itius of Cæsar is the estuary of the Somme. Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of London, 1852, vol. ii. No. 30, p. 198.

1494 Cæsar passed twice into Britain: the first time he started about midnight, and arrived at the fourth hour of the day; the second time he started at the commencement of the night, and did not arrive until the following day at noon, the wind having failed about midnight.

1495 The fleet consisted of 1000 vessels, according to Cotta. (Athen. l. vi. c. 21.) The great loss spoken of by Strabo occurred before the first return of Cæsar into Gaul. (Cæsar, l. iv. c. 28.) As to his second return, it was occasioned, to use his own words, “propter repentinos Galliæ motus.” L. v. c. 22.

1496 Called by Cæsar, Hibernia; by Mela, Juverna; and by Diodorus Siculus, Iris.

1497 This custom resembles that related by Herodotus (lib. i. c. 216, and iv. 26) of the Massagetæ and Issedoni. Amongst these latter, when the father of a family died, all the relatives assembled at the house of the deceased, and having slain certain animals, cut them and the body of the deceased into small pieces, and having mixed the morsels together, regaled themselves on the inhuman feast.

1498 Strabo intends by φανερῶς what Herodotus expresses by μίξιν ἐμφανέα, καθάπερ τοῖσι προβάτοισι (concubitum, sicuti pecoribus, in propatulo esse).

1499 Herodotus, (l. iv. c. 180,) mentioning a similar practice amongst the inhabitants of Lake Tritonis in Libya, tells us that the men owned the children as they resembled them respectively. Mela asserts the same of the Garamantes. As to the commerce between relations, Strabo in his 16th Book, speaks of it as being usual amongst the Arabs. It was a custom amongst the early Greeks. Homer makes the six sons of Æolus marry their six sisters, and Juno addresses herself to Jupiter as “Et soror et conjux.” Compare also Cæsar, lib. v.

1500 An extremity to which the Gauls were driven during the war they sustained against the Cimbri and Teutones, (Cæsar, lib. vii. c. 77,) and the inhabitants of Numantia in Iberia, when besieged by Scipio. (Valerius Maximus, lib. vii. c. 6.) The city of Potidæa in Greece experienced a similar calamity. (Thucyd. lib. ii. c. 70.)

1501 Pytheas placed Thule under the 66th degree of north latitude, which is the latitude of the north of Iceland.

1502 Transalpine Gaul.

1507 Kramer conjectures that instead of Ἀλπιόνια, we should read Ἀλπεινὰ.

1508 These people occupied the borders of the province of Murlaka, near to Istria, on the Gulf of Venice. Mount Albius is still called Alben.

1509 Casaubon observes that the Roman writers separated the name Albium Ingaunum, in the same manner as Albium Intemelium.

1510 These two tribes inhabited the country round Fréjus and Antibes as far as the Var.

1512 Μόνοικος, an epithet of Hercules signifying “sole inhabitant.” According to Servius, either because after he had driven out the Ligurians he remained the sole inhabitant of the country; or because it was not usual to associate any other divinities in the temples consecrated to him.

1513 Λίγυες, or Ligurians.

1514 Λιγυστικὴ, or Liguria.

1515 Κελτολίγυες, or Kelto-Ligurians.

1516 Kramer is of opinion that we should adopt the suggestion of Mannert, to read here Avignon.

1517 We have adopted the reading of the older editions, which is also that of the French translation. Kramer however reads φόβον, and adds φόρον in a note.

1518 The Albiœci are named Albici in Cæsar; the capital city is called by Pliny Alebece Reiorum; it is now Riez in Provence.

1520 There are two rivers of this name which descend from the Alps and discharge themselves into the Po. The Durias which rises near the Durance is the _Durias minor_ of the ancients, and the Doria Riparia of the moderns; this river falls into the Po at Turin.

1521 Gosselin observes:—The Salassi occupied the country about Aouste, or Aoste. The name of this city is a corruption of Augusta Prætoria Salassorum, which it received in the time of Augustus. The Durias which passes by Aouste is the _Durias major_, the modern Doria Baltea. Its sources are between the Great Saint Bernard and Mont Blanc.

1522 The Ister of the classics.

1523 _Augusta Taurinorum_, hodie Turin, was the capital of these people.

1524 Various conjectures have been hazarded concerning this name, of which there appears to be no other mention.

1525 The Kentrones occupied la Tarentaise; the Catoriges, the territories of Chorges and Embrun; the Veragri, a part of the Valais south of the Rhone; and the Nantuatæ, Le Chablais.

1526 The Lake of Geneva.

1528 The Adda does not flow from the same mountain as the Rhine.

1529 The Lake of Como.

1530 The Rhæti are the Grisons; the Vennones, the people of the Val Telline.

1531 The Lepontii inhabited the Haut Valais, and the valley of Leventina; the Tridentini occupied Trente; the Stoni, Sténéco.

1532 The valley of Aouste.

1533 These two routes still exist. The former passes by the Great Saint Bernard, or the Pennine Alps; the latter traverses the Little Saint Bernard, and descends into La Tarentaise, formerly occupied by the Centrones.

1534 Anciently Durias.

1536 It does not appear that Julius Cæsar is here intended, for he mentions nothing of it in his Commentaries. It seems more probable that Strabo used the expression of Cæsar in its wider sense of Emperor, and alludes to Augustus, of whom he speaks immediately after.