1846 Suetonius likewise mentions this fact. Dion Cassius informs us that Augustus, in the year of Rome 732, and twenty-two years before our era, commanded that the curule ædiles should promptly endeavour to arrest the progress of conflagrations, and for this purpose placed at their disposal 600 guards. Fifteen years afterwards he established a company of seven freedmen, presided over by one of the equestrian order, to see what means could be taken in order to prevent these numerous fires. Augustus, however, was not the first to take precautions of this nature, as we may learn from Livy, l. ix. § 46; l. xxxix. § 14; Tacit. Annal. l. xv. § 43, and various other authorities.
1847 Subsequent emperors reduced this standard still lower. See what Tacitus says of Nero in regard to this point, Annal. l. xv. § 43. Trajan forbade that any house should be constructed above 60 feet in height. Sextus Aurelius Victor, Epit. § 27.
1848 There were five modes of playing at ball; 1. Throwing it up and catching it; 2. Foot-ball; 3. A throwing of the ball from one to another in a large party of players; 4. A dashing of the ball to the ground with force enough to rebound, when it was struck down again with the palm of the hand, and a reckoning was kept of the number of times the feat was repeated; and 5. A ball thrown among the players, who all endeavoured to obtain possession of it; this was a game of which we have no accurate account, it was called ἁρπαστὸν, and Galen speaks of it, περὶ μικρᾶς σφαίρας, c. 2, p. 902.
1849 Coray proposes to read δίσκῳ, at quoits.
1850 The tomb of Augustus.
1851 θῆκαι, urns, Greek.
1852 The Campus Martius.
1853 The modern Capua.
1854 S. Maria di Capoa.
1855 Tuscolo.
1856 L’Osteria dell’ Aglio.
1857 Ferentino, near to Vitorchiano.
1858 Frusinone.
1859 Falvaterra.
1860 Trerus.
1861 Aquino.
1862 Melpis.
1863 Teano.
1864 Calvi.
1865 Nova Capua.
1866 Sezza.
1867 Segni.
1868 πρὸ δὲ ταύτης. It seems doubtful whether ταύτης refers to Signia, or the Via Appia.
1869 This city was sacked by the last Tarquin.
1870 Core.
1871 Probably Torre Petrara.
1872 Kramer supposes this name to be an interpolation; the idea of Cluvier, adopted by Siebenkees and Coray, is that we should here read Σουέσσα τῶν Πωμεντίνων, Suessa Pometia.
1873 Velletri.
1874 Alatri.
1875 Ceperano.
1876 125, B. C.
1877 Now called l’Osteria del Pantano, situated very near the Castel dell’ Osa, and close by the lake Pantan de’ Griffi.
1878 Palestrina.
1879 Anagni.
1880 Cerretano.
1881 Liris.
1882 Venafro.
1883 Vulturnus.
1884 Capua.
1885 Castel di Volturno.
1886 Isernia.
1887 Allife.
1888 90 years B. C.
1889 Tivoli.
1890 The modern Pentima is supposed to occupy the site where the citadel of Corfinium stood, and the church of S. Pelino, about three miles from Popoli, stands on that of the ancient city of Corfinium.
1891 We read with all MSS. and editions, Valeria, but Kramer, following the conjectures of Cluvier and others, has adopted Varia in his text.
1892 Carsoli.
1893 Albi.
1894 Groskurd considers this to be Cucullo, alias Scutolo.
1895 Il Tuscolo, above the modern town of Frascati.
1896 The classic Anio.
1897 The waters from the sulphur-lake; named the Solfatara di Tivoli.
1898 Now the Lago di S. Giovanni, or Bagni di Grotta Marozza.
1899 Prob. Cretona, not Monte Rotondo.
1900 The younger Marius being entirely defeated by Sulla in the decisive battle fought near Sacriportus, B. C.82, Marius threw himself into Præneste, where he had deposited the treasures of the Capitoline temple. (Pliny H. N. l. xxxiii. s. 5.) Sulla left Lucretius Opella to prosecute the siege while he hastened on to Rome. Various efforts were made to relieve Præneste, but they all failed; and after Sulla’s great victory at the Colline gate of Rome, in which Pontius Telesinus was defeated and slain, Marius despaired of holding out any longer, and in company with the brother of Telesinus attempted to escape by a subterraneous passage, which led from the town into the open country; but finding that their flight was discovered, they put an end to one another’s lives. According to other accounts, Marius killed himself, or was killed by his slave at his own request. Marius perished in the year of his consulship. Smith, Dict. Biogr. and Myth.
1901 The Abbé Chaupy is inclined to think that this was a name given to the part nearest the source of the river which Strabo, § 9, calls the Trerus, but Kramer thinks it was originally written ὁ Τρῆρος, and corrupted by the copyists.
1902 Monte Cavo.
1903 We have translated literally ἔχει δ’ ὅμως ἐρυμνὴν ἄκραν, but it is possible that Strabo may have meant that the citadel was built on a height above the town; if so the citadel would occupy the site of la Riccia.
1904 Civita Lavinia, or, Città della Vigna.
1905 Or Grove of Diana.
1906 Nemus Ariciæ.
1907 The text here appears to be mutilated.
1908 Monte Cavo.
1909 The Lago d’ Albano.
1910 Alba Fucensis is here intended: hod. Albi.
1911 The Judicello.
1912 Catania, in Sicily.
1913 See Pliny in reference to the Aqua Marcia, Hist. Nat. l. xxxi. § 24, also l. ii. § 106.
1914 It served successively as a place of confinement for the kings Syphax, Perseus, and Bituitus.
1915 Cisalpine Gaul.
1916 Rimini.
1917 The Fiumesino.
1918 Giulia Nova.
1919 Osimo.
1920 S. Severino.
1921 Probably for Pollentia, on the Chiento, opposite Urbisaglia.
1922 Ruins, on the river Potenza, near to Porto di Recanati.
1923 Fermo.
1924 Porto di Fermo.
1925 Near to the river Monecchia, not far from Marano.
1926 Truentum.
1927 The position of this city is still disputed, it has been identified with Porto d’ Ascoli, Torre di Seguro, and other places.
1928 Giulia Nova.
1929 Matrinus.
1930 Atri.
1931 Ascoli.
1932 The text is here defective.
1933 The Vestini appear to have occupied the region where at present Aquila, Ofena, Civita Aquana, Civita di Penna, Civita di St. Angelo, and Pescara are situated.
1934 They inhabited the canton in which are built Tagliacozzo, Scurcola, Albi, Celano, Pescina, and the environs of Lake Celano.
1935 Inhabited the territories of Sulmona, Pentima, and Popolo.
1936 Occupied the district of Tieti or Chieti.
1937 Inhabited the right bank of the Sangro, the territory of Guasto, the banks of the Trigno and Biferno, the district of Larino, the left bank of the Fortore, and extended north-west towards Pescara.
1938 91 B. C.
1939 Pentima near Popoli.
1940 The first consuls were Q. Pompædius Silo, and C. Aponius Mutilus; the prætors were Herius Asinius for the Marucini, C. Veltius Cato for the Marsi, M. Lamponius and T. Cleptius for the Leucani, Marius Egnatius Trebatius and Pontius Telesinus for the Samnites, C. Judacilius for the Apuli or Picentini, and A. Cluentius for the Peligni. Many other officers besides these distinguished themselves in the several campaigns of the Marsian war.
1941 A note in the French translation would make the duration of the Marsian war twelve years.
1942 Diodorus Siculus agrees with Strabo, in asserting that this war was called Marsian, because it had been commenced by the Marsi, Ὠνομάσθαι δέ φησι Μαρσικὸν [i. e. πόλεμον] ἐκ τῶν ἀρξάντων τῆς ἀποστάσεως, however, Velleius Paterculus asserts that the people of Asculum commenced the war, which was continued by the Marsi; and Livy (Epit. lib. lxxii.) makes the Picentini the first to raise the standard of revolt.
1943 Quintus Pompædius Silo.
1944 Now Sulmona, about seven miles south-east of Corfinium. It was the birth-place of Ovid.
We must place this city, with Holstenius, at San Benedetto, on the eastern shore of the lake, where inscriptions have been found which leave no doubt on the subject. The coins of Marruvium have MARUB on the reverse and a head of Pluto.
1946 Now Chieti, on the right bank of the Pescara. The family of Asinius Pollio came originally from this place.
1947 Pescara.
1948 Ortona-a-Mare.
1949 Romanelli, (tom. iii. p. 40,) founding his opinion on ancient ecclesiastical records and the reports of local antiquaries, informs us that the ruins of Buca exist at the present Penna.
1950 According to Holstenius and Romanelli, Civitate; according to others, Ponte Rotto.
1951 Kramer is of opinion that this passage, from “Ortonium” to “life,” is an interpolation posterior to the age of Strabo.
1952 Romanelli affirms that the mountain from which the river Alaro flows is called Sagra, and Cramer considers that river to be the ancient Sagrus.
1953 The Daunii formed only a portion of the Apuli.
1954 We have followed Kramer’s reading, τετρακοσίων ἐνενήκοντα.
1955 The ruins of Monte Dragone.
1956 Punta di Miseno.
1957 The bay of Naples.
1958 Punta della Campanella.
1959 This passage is not found in the works of Polybius, as handed down to us.
1960 Sorrento.
1961 Torre di Patria.
1962 Liternus.
1963 Vulturnum.
1964 Venafro.
1965 Κύμη. The Greeks gave a singular form to this name of the ancient seat of the Sibyl. Her chamber, which was hewn out of the solid rock, was destroyed when the fortress of Cumæ was besieged by Narses, who undermined it.
1966 Eusebius states that it was founded 1050 B. C., a few years before the great migration of the Ionians into Asia Minor.
1967 We may observe that Strabo seems not to have restricted the Φλέγραιον πέδιον to that which modern geographers term the Phlegræan plains, which are contained between Cumæ and the hills bordering the Lake Agnano, a little beyond Pozzuolo, but, like Pliny, to have extended it to the whole region, at present termed Terra di Lavoro.
1968 A note in the French translation observes, that Diodorus Siculus (lib. xii. § 76) places this event in the fourth year of the 89th Olympiad, 421 B. C.Livy (lib. iv. § 44) seems to place it a year later.
1969 It is now called Pineta di Castel Volturno.
1970 Forty years B. C.
1971 Punta di Miseno.
1972 Lago di Fusaro.
1973 Lago Lucrino. This lake has almost disappeared, owing to a subterraneous eruption, which in 1538 displaced the water and raised the hill called Monte Nuovo.
1974 Lago d’ Averno.
1975 νέκυια, the title of the 11th book of the Odyssey.
1976 νεκυομαντεῖον, another title of the same (11th) book.
1977 Strabo is not the only one who mentions this: Virgil says,
1978 The Greeks applied the term Plutonian to places where disagreeable and pestilential exhalations arose.
1980 The text here appears to have been corrupted.
1981 We agree with Kramer in considering as an interpolation the words, τε καὶ ἐπὶ Νέαν πόλιν ἐκ Δικαιαρχίας ἐπὶ ταῖς Βαΐαις, and likewise another at Neapolis from Dicæarchia to Baiæ. It is generally supposed that the Grotta di Pausilipo, or Crypta Neapolitana, is of much greater antiquity than the Augustan age, when Cocceius flourished. There is good reason to refer that great undertaking to the Cumæi, of whose skill in works of this nature we have so remarkable an instance in the temple of their sibyl.
1982 Dion Cassius tells us, on the contrary, that owing to the exertions of Agrippa, the gulfs both of Avernus and Lucrinus became excellent ports, λιμένας ναυλοχωτάτους ἀπέδειξεν.
1983 Pozzuoli.
1984 La Solfa-terra.
1985 Naples.
1986 Innumerable accounts exist relative to the foundation of this city. The most prevalent fiction was that the siren Parthenope was cast upon its shores, and from her it derived the name, by which it was usually designated by the ancient poets.
Scymnus of Chios mentions both the Phocæi and Cumæi as its founders. Stephanus of Byzantium attributes its foundation to the Rhodians; their proximity is favourable to the claims of the Cumæi, and hence the connexion of Naples with Eubœa, alluded to by Statius, who was born there.
A Greek inscription mentions a hero named Eumelus as having had divine honours paid to him, possibly as founder of the city. [See Capaccio, Hist. Nap. p. 105. Martorelli de’ Fenici primi abitatori di Napoli.
This may illustrate the following lines,—
1987 Probably those mentioned in a fragment of Timæus, quoted by Tzetzes, (ad Lycophr. v. 732-737,) as having migrated to Italy under the command of Diotimus, who also instituted the λαμπαδηφορία, which was still observed at Naples in the time of Statius:
1988 Neapolis, or Naples, signifying the new city.
1989 Places of exercise for youth.
1990 Societies.
1991 Grotta di Pausilipo.
1992 Pausilypus mons was the name of the ridge of hills which separates the bay of Naples from that of Pozzuoli. This was probably given to it on account of its delightful situation and aspect, which rendered it the favourite residence of several noble and wealthy Romans.