1110 B. viii. c. iii. § 17.

1111 Il. ii. 855.

1112 Kidros.

1113 On the bay of the modern Sebastopol, b. vii. c. iv. § 2.

1114 Mangalia.

1115 Some of the smaller mountain streams which descend from the range of hills extending from Scutari to the Sangaria. According to Gossellin the Psillis may be the river near Tschileh, and the Calpas the river near Kerpeh.

1116 Il. xvi. 719.

1117 The virgin river, from its flowers and tranquil course.

1118 Il. ii. 851.

1119 B. v. c. i. § 4.

1120 Herod. i. 6.

1121 About the Thermodon, now Termeh.

1122 The country about Samsoun.

1123 Il. ii. 853.

1124 Kara-Aghatsch.

1125 Il. i. 855.

1126 Between C. Tchakras and Delike-Tschili.

1127 B. vii. c. iv. § 3.

1128 Kinoli.

1129 Ineboli, near the mouth of the Daurikan-Irmak.

1130 Ak-Liman.

1131 B. vii. c. vi. § 2.

1132 The eunuch Bacchides, or Bacchus, according to others, whom Mithridates, after despairing of success, commissioned with the order for his women to die. Plutarch, Life of Lucullus.

1133 Probably a celestial globe constructed by Billarus, or on the principles of Billarus, a person otherwise unknown. Strabo mentions, b. ii. c. v. § 10, the Sphere of Crates, Cicero the Sphere of Archimedes and of Posidonius. History speaks of several of these spheres, among others of that of Ptolemy and Aratus. Leontinus, a mechanician of the sixth century, explains the manner in which this last was constructed.

1134 Lucullus, upon his entry into Sinope, put to death 8000 Cilicians whom he found there. The rest of the inhabitants, after having set fire to the town, carried with them the statue of Autolycus, the founder of Sinope, the work of Sthenis; but not having time to put it on board ship, it was left on the sea-shore. Autolycus was one of the companions of Hercules in his expedition against the Amazons. Sthenis, as well as his brother Lysistratus, was a celebrated statuary; he was a native of Olynthus and a contemporary of Alexander the Great.

1135 The temple of Jupiter Urius near Chalcedon.

1136 He was also the author of a History of the Tyrants of Ephesus. Athenæus, b. vi. c. 59, p. 395, Bohn’s Class. Library.

1137 ἀπὸ τῶν ἁλῶν

1138 B. iv. c. iv. § 3.

1139 ζόρκες

1140 Wesir Kopti.

1141 The district between the Halys (Kizil Irmak) and the Iris (Jeschil Irmak).

1142 Some words of the text are lost.

1143 The tract of country between the Iris and the Thermodon.

1144 The territory on the east of the Thermodon (Termeh).

1145 Jeschil Irmak.

1146 Tasch Owa.

1147 Gumenek.

1148 Kas Owa.

1149 Turchal.

1150 Tschoterlek Irmak.

1151 Amasija.

1152 Germeili Tschai.

1153 At the mouth of the river Puleman.

1154 Fatsa?

1155 Samsun.

1156 According to Arrian, Pharnacia in his time was the name of Cerasus (Kerasun).

1157 Trebisond.

1158 The temple of Jupiter near Chalcedon.

1159 To the west of the mouth of the Termeh.

1160 Jasun.

1161 C. Vona.

1162 Ordu.

1163 Platana.

1164 B. xi. c. ii. § 12.

1165 Probably the same as the Macropogones and Macrocephali.

1166 Aggi-dagh.

1167 The mountains above Erzeroum.

1168 The inhabitants of the Seven Villages.

1169 Iildiz-dagh.

1170 Dwellers in towers.

1171 Il. ii. 856.

1172 Sarakoi.

1173 Il. ii. 863.

1174 Od. xviii. 5.

1175 Od. xxi. 6.

1176 In Kiepert’s map it is without a name. Leake calls it Boklu. It falls into the sea to the west of Cyzicus.

1177 B. vii. c. iii. § 6. B. i. c. ii. § 23.

1178 Il. iii. 189.

1179 B. xiii. c. iv. § 5, it joins the Hyllus, called Phrygius in the time of Strabo. The Phrygius takes its rise in the mountains north of Thyatira, (Ak Hissar,) and falls into the Hermus (Gedis Tschai).

1180 Bos Dagh.

1181 Manisa.

1182 Bojuk Meinder.

1183 Il. xii. 20.

1184 B. vii. c. iii. § 6.

1185 Gumenek.

1186 Zileh.

1187 This district is at the foot of the mountains which separated the Roman from the Persian Armenia. Carana (now Erzum, Erzerum, or Garen) was the capital of this district. It was afterwards called Theodosiopolis, which name was given to it in honour of the Emperor Theodosius the Younger by Anatolius his general in the East, A. D. 416. It was for a long time subject to the Byzantine emperors, who considered it the most important fortress of Armenia. About the middle of the 11th century it received the name of Arze-el-Rum, contracted into Arzrum or Erzrum. It owed its name to the circumstance, that when Arzek was taken by the Seljuk Turks, A. D. 1049, the inhabitants of that place, which from its long subjection to the Romans had received the epithet of Rúm, retired to Theodosiopolis, and gave it the name of their former abode. Smith.

1188 On the S. W. of the ridge of Tauschan Dagh.

1189 Mersivan. The text is corrupt. Groskurd’s emendation is followed in the translation.

1190 Ladik-Gol.

1191 Kawsa.

1192 Ijan (Tauschan) Kalessi.

1193 Tusanlu-su, a branch of the Ieschil Irmak.

1194 West of Koseh Dagh.

1195 Situated between the Kizil Irmak and the river Delidsche Irmak, a tributary of the former.

1196 Alkas-Dagh.

1197 Gok-Irmak, or Kostambul Tschai, flowing between the mountain ridges. Jeralagoz-Dagh and Sarikawak-Dagh.

1198 B. C. 88.

1199 Tasch-Kopri.

1200 Pliny, xxxiv. c. 18.

1201 Great-grandson of Deïotarus I.

1202 According to Alexander Polyhistor, the town was built by a goatherd, who had found one of his goats straying there, but this is probably a mere philological speculation, gangra signifying “a goat” in the Paphlagonian language. In ecclesiastical writers it is often mentioned as the metropolitan see of Paphlagonia. The orchards of this town were celebrated for their apples. Athen. iii—Smith.

1203 Book iv. c. i. § 6. Athen. b. viii.

1204 Isnik Gol.

1205 Sakaria.

1206 B. vii. c. vi. § 2.

1207 G. of Ismid.

1208 Ismid or Iskimid.

1209 B. of Gemlik.

1210 Brusa.

1211 Mudania.

1212 Livy, xxxviii. 39.

1213 The kings of Pergamus.

1214 The Acquired.

1215 The ridge of Katerlu Dagh and Samanlu Dagh.

1216 In the text, Prusias. The translation follows the suggestion of Kramer.

1217 Il. ii. 862.

1218 Il. xiii. 792.

1219 Sarakoi.

1220 Il. ii. 824.

1221 Karabogha.

1222 Keschisch-Dagh.

1223 Claudiopolis, now Boli.

1224 Tilijos.

1225 Isnik. The Turkish name is a contraction of εἰς Νίκαιαν, as Ismir, Smyrna, is a contraction of εἰς Σμύρνην, Istambol, Constantinople, of εἰς τὴν πόλιν, Stanco, Cos, of εἰς τὴν Κῶ.

1226 Xenocrates, one of the most distinguished disciples of Plato, was of Chalcedon. Dionysius the dialectician is probably the same as Dionysius of Heracleia, who abandoned the Stoics to join the sect of Epicurus. Hipparchus, the first and greatest of Greek astronomers, (B. C. 160-145,) was of Nicæa. So also was Diophanes, quoted by Varro and Columella, as the abbreviator of the twenty books on Agriculture by Mago, in the Punic language. Suidas speaks of Theodosius, a distinguished mathematician, who, according to Vossius, may be here meant. A treatise of his “on Spherics” still exists, and was printed in Paris in 1558. Of Cleophanes of Myrleia little is known. Strabo mentions also a grammarian, Asclepiades of Myrleia, in b. iii. c. iv. § 19. To these great names may be added as of Bithynian origin, but subsequent to the time of Strabo, Dion Chrysostom, one of the most eminent among Greek rhetoricians and sophists; he was born at Nicomedia, and died about A. D. 117. Arrian, the author of “India,” and the “Anabasis” (the Asiatic expedition) “of Alexander,” was also born at Nicomedia towards the end of A. D. 100.

1227 Probably a grove.

1228 Bala Hissar, to the south of Siwri-Hissar; between these two places is Mt. Dindymus, Gunescth-Dagh.

1229 On the west of the lake Simau.

1230 Suleimanli.

1231 The kings of Pergamus.

1232 Juliopolis.

1233 Tuz-Tscholli.

1234 Konia.

1235 Meineke’s correction.

1236 Its position is uncertain, probably Divle, to the S. of the Lake Ak-Gol. See Smith, art. Derbe.

1237 Caraman.

1238 Tschol-Abad.

1239 Aphiom Kara Hissar.

1240 Sulpitius Quirinus. The Cyrenius “governor of Syria” in St. Luke. Tacitus (Ann. B. iii. c. 48) speaks of his expedition against the Homonadeis, and Josephus of his arrival in Syria, where he was sent with Coponius by Augustus.

1241 Eske-Adatia.

1242 Balkesi.

1243 To the north of the chain of Taurus which commenced at the promontory Trogilium opposite Samos.

1244 Tabas.

1245 Surk.

1246 Pliny, b. xv. c. 7, and b. xii. c. 4.

1247 Kopru-Su.

1248 Ak-Su.

1249 Bakyr-Tschai.

1250 The district around Bergama.

1251 Sipuli-Dagh.

1252 The district between Bergama and the sea.

1253 Protheüs, who had led the Magnetes to Troy, upon his return from that expedition, and in compliance with a vow which he had made to Apollo, selected every tenth man and sent them to the temple at Delphi. These Magnetes, for some reason, abandoned the temple and embarked for Crete; from thence they passed into Asia, accompanied by some Cretans, and founded Magnesia near the Mæander. B. xiv. c. i. § 11.

1254 Herod. i. 173; vii. 92.

1255 Il. vi. 184.

1256 Il. vi. 204.

1257 Il. vi. 199.

1258 Il. ii. 655, 677.

1259 Il. iii. 2.

1260 Il. iii. 8.

1261 Keschisch Dagh.

1262 Kas-Dagh.

1263 Artaki.

1264 Satal-dere?

1265 Mualitsch-Tschai.

1266 Iaskili.

1267 Mudania.

1268 Loubadi.

1269 Manijas.

1270 According to Pliny, b. v. c. 32, it was united to the mainland by Alexander.

1271 Marseilles.

1272 Simau-Su.

1273 Simau-Gol.

1274 Imrali, or Kalo-limno.

1275 Karabogher.

1276 Kiutahia.

1277 Eski-Schehr.

1278 Gedis.

1279 Hergan Kaleh.

1280 Ischekli.

1281 Afium-Karahissar.

1282 Dinear.

1283 Iorghan-Ladik.