Cabot, John, attempts to discover the North-west Passage, iii. 119, 122
Cabot, Sebastian: his discoveries, i. 278; iii. 119, 121;
rewarded by Edward VI., 121
“Cacafuego,” treasure ship, taken by Drake, i. 311
Cadiz, siege of, ii. 18;
execution of De Soto, the pirate, iii. 83;
view of the town, 81
Cairns in the Polar Regions, iii. 97
“Calais-Douvres,” iv. 6
Calcutta, i. 118;
the Black Hole, ib.;
cyclones, 119, 120
Calicut: arrival of Vasco da Gama, iii. 299;
the city bombarded, ib.;
view of Calicut in the sixteenth century, 300
California: discovery of gold, i. 158;
Chinamen in, 161;
earthquakes, ib.;
named “New Albion” by Drake, 313;
“roughing it,” camping out, cooking, 166;
forest fires, ib.;
cedar canoes, 167;
Sacramento; Oakland, iv. 28;
San Francisco, 29
Callao, i. 172;
Drake at, 310
Calthorpe, Hon. S. J. G.: his “Letters” on the Crimean War, i. 15
Calvi, the Victory at, i. 7
Calypso’s Isle, i. 98
“Cambria,” its assistance in the burning of the “Kent,” i. 69–74
Cameron, John: “Our Possessions in Malayan India,” i. 144, 146, 147
Campbell, Lord George: cruise of the Challenger, i. 28, 33, 34, 35, 39
Canadian Voyageurs in Franklin’s expedition, iii. 190, 191, 194
Cannibalism, i. 80; iii. 121; iv. 47, 52
Canoes, river and sea: Vancouver Island and British Columbia, i. 167
Canton, i. 119, 121, 124
Canute’s ships, i. 266
Cape Alexander, Greenland, iii. 249
Cape Bounty discovered by Sir E. Parry, iii. 170
Cape Cod, Discovery of, ii. 11;
view of, ii. 64
Cape Chelyuskin, iii. 274
Cape Constitution, iii. 239
Cape Desolation, iii. 88
Cape Farewell, iii. 93
Cape Flattery, Vancouver Island, i. 163
Cape of Good Hope: its discovery; Cape Town, Table Mountain, i. 203, 205; iii. 282;
Port Elizabeth, i. 204;
Simon’s Bay, 205;
visit of the Duke of Edinburgh, 205–209;
Farmer Peck’s Inn, 206;
diamond fields: ostrich farming, 210;
mutiny suppressed, 256;
first named the Cape of Storms, iii. 282;
Waves, iv. 89
Cape Horn, i. 175, 176;
Sir F. Drake, 309;
Anson, ii. 48, 49;
the pirate Sharp, iii. 56;
view, iii. 277
Cape Joseph Henry, sledging at, iii. 112
Cape Town, Cape of Good Hope, i. 203, 205
Cape York: icebergs, iii. 100;
view of Melville Bay, iii. 228
Captain (Nelson’s ship), i. 8
Captain, Loss of the, i. 54–59;
cause of the disaster, i. 58; ii. 143; iv. 283
Caraccioli, the priest-pirate, iii. 64, 65, 67
Caribbee Islands discovered by Columbus, iii. 294;
attacked by Ojeda, 302
Cariboo Gold Mines, British Columbia, i. 163
Carlisle, A. D., B.A.: “Round the World in 1870,” iv. 29, 31
Carlsen, Captain: relics of Barents’s expedition discovered by him at Nova Zembla, iii. 142
“Caroline:” its assistance in the burning of the “Kent,” i. 72
Carrageen: or Irish moss, iv. 202
Carthage, Ships of, i. 259
Cat, The, as a punishment, i. 51, 52
Catacombs at Citta Vecchia, Malta, i. 101, 103
Catoptric lights for lighthouses, ii. 186
Cavalli (fish) of Juan Fernandez, i. 34
Cavendish, Thomas: his circumnavigation of the globe, ii. 11
Caverns of the sea-shore, iv. 195, 200
Cedar canoes of Vancouver Island, i. 167
Centaur at the Diamond Rock, Martinique, i. 161, 187
Centipedes, cockroaches, and spiders in ships, i. 221
Centurion: Anson’s voyage round the world, ii. 45–62
Cephalopoda, iv. 139, 142
Cerberus, monitor, at Sydney, iv. 54
Cerimbra Roads, Monson’s action at, ii. 21
Ceuta, Spanish fortress of, i. 97
Ceylon, i. 119, 144;
pearl fishery, iv. 67
Challenger, Cruise of the, i. 28;
deep sea soundings, ib.;
work of the expedition, and how it was done, 29;
Captain Sir George S. Nares, ib.;
Prof. Wyville Thomson, ib.;
sponges, zoophytes, star-fish, crustacea, cuttle-fish; island of Juan Fernandez, 33, 36;
the ship in Antarctic ice, ib.;
Kerguelen’s Land; Heard Island; sea elephants, 34;
icebergs, 35;
naturalist’s room in the ship, 37;
dredging instruments, 38;
Inaccessible Island: rescue of two voluntary Crusoes, 39
Chancelor, Richard: his journey to Moscow, iii. 122, 123
Chaplains on board ship, i. 222;
trials of Joseph Primrose, 223
Chard, Joseph: his exertions in saving life from shipwrecks, iv. 248
Charles I. and ship-money, ii. 28;
his navy, 29, 30
Chaucer’s description of the British sailor, i. 272
Cherbourg Breakwater, history and progress, ii. 188;
view, 192
Chesil Bank, ii. 193, 195
Chicago, iv. 15;
view in Madison Street, 17
Chichester training ship, i. 45, 47
Chili, i. 172
“Chimborazo” in a gale, iv. 13
China: Hong Kong, iv. 43;
Shanghai, 44
China: John Chinaman in San Francisco, i. 161; iv. 31
“China” in a cyclone in the Pacific, iv. 39;
destroyed by fire, ib.
China Naval Station, i. 119, 137
“China,” steam ship, iv. 31
Chinese junks at Singapore, i. 147, 148
Chinese obstructions to foreign travel, iv. 5
Chinese paintings, i. 126, 147
Chinese phrases: “Pigeon English,” i. 126;
customs and costume, 127
Chinese waiters on board ship, iv. 38
Chinese Merchants’ Steam-ship Company, iv. 31
“Chinook jargon,” “Pigeon English,” i. 167
Christian IV. of Denmark: his encouragement of Arctic exploration, iii. 150;
his ill-treatment of Munk, 151
Christian, Fletcher: the mutiny of the Bounty, i. 239–247;
shot by an Otaheitan, 249
Christian, Thursday October, son of Fletcher Christian, discovered on Pitcairn Island, i. 247
Christmas in the Arctic regions, iii. 103, 222, 224, 263
“Cinco Chagas” (the Five Wounds) burnt by the Earl of Cumberland, i. 294
Cinque Ports, i. 267
“City of Berlin,” Atlantic steamer, iv. 3
“City of Brussels,” Atlantic steamer, iv. 3
“City of Richmond,” Atlantic steamer, iv. 3
Cleodora, a univalve shell, iv. 145
“Clermont,” steam vessel, built by Fulton and Livingston, ii. 93
Clocks: The “Mother Clock” at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, iv. 282
Clyde and its ship-building yards, The, ii. 97
Coal: early trade in “sea-coal,” i. 271
Coal in the Arctic regions, iii. 107;
in Vancouver Island, i. 168
Coast-guardsmen and their cottages, iv. 232, 234
Cobb, Captain: burning of the “Kent,” i. 69–74
Cobden, Richard: his support of M. de Lesseps and the Suez Canal, i. 107
Cochrane, Admiral: his description of Lieutenant Larmour and the naval service, i. 216
Cockles, iv. 204, 205
Cockroaches in ships, i. 221
Cocoa-nut oil manufactories at Sierra Leone, i. 203
Cocos, or Keeling Coral Island: Darwin’s description, iv. 75, 76
Cod: the Newfoundland and English fisheries, iv. 175, 176
Cod-liver oil a protection to swimmers, iv. 264
Cœlenterata: Hydrozoa and Actinozoa, iv. 115
Coffin-ships, i. 3; ii. 112
Cold in the Arctic regions, iii. 171, 225, 236, 237, 276.
(See Temperature.)
Colden, C. D.: his “Life of Fulton,” ii. 94, 150
Coles, Captain Cowper Phipps: his invention of revolving turrets, i. 54;
loss of the Captain, ib.
Collins, Wilkie: the pilchard fishery, iv. 173;
Botallack Mine, 207, 209;
Looe, 212;
Cornish hospitality, 216;
pedestrianism, 218
Collins line of steam-ships, ii. 106–108
Collinson, Captain: Search of Franklin in the Enterprise, iii. 211, 214
Collodon, Dr., on the diving-bell, iv. 83
Colorado: newspapers at George Town and Central City, iv. 27
Colour of the sea, i. 35, 87; iv. 96
Colpoys, Admiral: mutiny at Spithead, i. 251
Columbus, Bartholomew, brother of Christopher Columbus: iii. 285, 295;
his visit to England, 285;
imprisoned, 296
Columbus, Christopher: his landing at Trinidad, i. 177;
history of his life and discoveries, by his son, iii. 283;
his personal character and appearance, ib.;
voyage to Iceland, ib.;
first application to Ferdinand and Isabella, 285;
portrait, ib.;
first voyage, 286;
land discovered, 288, 289;
his caravels, 288;
at Cuba and Hispaniola, gold and tobacco, 290, 291;
is shipwrecked, 291;
return to Spain, royal reception, 289, 293;
second voyage, 294;
disaffection and mutiny in Hispaniola, ib.;
return and third voyage, 295;
general mutiny, ib.;
his arrest and subsequent ill-treatment, 296, 297;
fourth voyage, ib.;
his death, 297;
burial and final interment at Havana, 298;
his voyage to Greenland and Iceland, 118
Columbus, Diego, brother of Christopher Columbus: imprisoned by Bobadillo, iii. 296;
made Governor of San Domingo, 308
Columbus, Ferdinand, son of Christopher Columbus: his history of his father and his discoveries, iii. 283
Concerts on board ship, iv. 35
“Congress” burnt in action with the “Merrimac,” i. 20, 22, 23
Conrad, Chevalier: his co-operation with M. de Lesseps, i. 111
Conus, a univalve shell, iv. 141
Coode: construction of Portland Breakwater, ii. 194
Cook, Captain James: his discovery of Botany Bay, i. 151;
his Arctic voyage, iii. 155, 158;
voyage of the Resolution and Adventure, 277;
discoveries, 278;
his career, 318;
his tragical death, ib.
Cook, captain of the “Cambria:” his assistance at the burning of the “Kent,” i. 74
Cook, Eliza, her verses on the Sea, iv. 299
“Comet,” Bell’s passenger steamer, ii. 95, 96
Comet, naval steam-tug, ii. 98
Compass on iron ships, ii. 102
Comrie, Dr. Peter, R.N.: on the discipline in training-ships, i. 46
Copenhagen, Nelson at, ii. 65, 75
Coracles, or basket-boats, i. 258
Coral-islands and coral-fishing, iv. 72, 73
Coral-reefs in the Red Sea, i. 117
Corals of Singapore, i. 150
Coralline, iv. 201
Cordouan, Tower of, lighthouse, ii. 157
Cordova, Spanish admiral: battle of St. Vincent, i. 7, 10
Cork Harbour, ii. 308
Cornelison: his voyage of discovery, iii. 129, 133, 142
Cornwall: view on the coast of, i. 297;
sketches of the coast, iv. 207–225;
population, 215;
mines and fisheries, 215, 216;
religion, 223
Corsairs, Gibraltar attacked by, i. 92
Cost of ironclad ships of war, i. 14, 231; ii. 146
Costa Rica: towns and villages pillaged by pirates, iii. 30
Coudin, midshipman of the “Medusa,” i. 78, 80
Coupang Bay, Lieutenant Bligh at; mutiny of the Bounty, i. 244
“Coupland” wrecked at Scarborough, iv. 254
“Courageux” taken by the Bellona, i. 229
Cowries, iv. 140, 141
Crabs, iv. 129, 151, 154
Crayfish, iv. 158
Cricket-match on board ship, iv. 33
Crimean War, its lessons, i. 15, 19
Crimson snow, iii. 164
Croatoan Island, Virginia, ii. 2
Croker Mountains, an imaginary discovery by Sir John Ross, iii. 166, 170
Cromwell’s Navy, i. 232
Cromwell’s Navigation Act, ii. 30
Crossing the Line: old ceremonies, i. 229
Crozier, Captain: Arctic exploration, iii. 179, 230
Crusaders: their ships, i. 267, 269
Crusoe, Robinson: Alexander Selkirk; Defoe and the island of Juan Fernandez, i. 33, 36
Crusoe’s Island (Tobago), i. 179; ii. 50
Crustaceans, iv. 150
Crystal Palace Aquarium, iv. 114
Cuba, i. 183;
Havana, 184;
the pirate Morgan, iii. 30, 31;
discovered by Columbus, 290
Culloden, i. 8
Cumberland, Earl of, as a pirate, i. 291, 295, ii. 16;
rich prizes, 292;
action with the “Madre de Dios,” 293;
Scourge of Malice, i. 295;
voyage with Sir William Morison, ii. 17, 18
“Cumberland” sunk in action with the “Merrimac,” i. 20, 21, 22
Cunard steamers: the first, ii. 105, 106;
“Scotia,” “Bothnia,” 109;
success of the Cunard Company, 110
Cushing, Lieutenant: his attack on the “Albemarle,” ii. 149
Cust, Hon. Sir Edward, D.C.L.: his “Annals of the Wars of the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries,” i. 11, 16
Cuttle-fish, Gigantic, i. 31; iv. 147
Dædalus: Captain McQuhæ’s account of the sea-serpent, iv. 186
Da Gama, Vasco: the Cape of Good Hope doubled by him, i. 203;
discovery of Natal, i. 211
Dahlgren guns on the first “Monitor,” i. 23
Dampier: on the bread-fruit, i. 238;
his re-discovery of Australia, i. 151
Dana’s “Seaman’s Manual,” i. 51;
“Two Years Before the Mast,” i. 48, 158
Dancing on board ship, iv. 34
Danes, Dr. Kane’s meeting with, iii. 253
Danish ships, i. 263, 265
Danites at Utah and Salt Lake City, iv. 25
Darien, the Indians of: Lolonois, the pirate, killed by them, iii. 28
Darling, Grace: wreck of the “Forfarshire,” iv. 64
Darling, Maggie and Jessie: their rescue of sailors in the St. Lawrence River, iv. 64
Dartmouth, iv. 224
Dartmouth in Boston Harbour, ii. 65–69;
tea thrown overboard, 69, 72
Darwin: on coral reefs, iv. 74, 76;
on Infusoria, 113
D’Avila, Alvares: his defence of Gibraltar, i. 92
Dawkins, Captain, of the Vanguard: loss of the ship, i. 63, 65
De Veer, Gerrit: map of Nova Zembla, iii. 131
Davis, John, the pirate, iii. 16
Davis, John: his Arctic explorations, iii. 127, 128
Davy, Sir Humphry: fecundity of the salmon, iv. 164
Davy Jones’s Locker and its Treasures: pearls, corals, sponges, diving, iv. 66–90
“Dead-heads” on American railways, iv. 26
Deal: view on the coast; life-boats, ii. 229, 232
Deal, iv. 242;
life-boat, ib.
Deal hovellers, ii. 247, 248
Decisive voyages in history: Diaz, Columbus, Vasco da Gama, companions and followers of Columbus; Captain Cook, iii. 281
Deep-sea soundings: cruise of the Challenger, i. 28, 30;
the accumulator and other apparatus, 29, 30, 35
“Defensor de Pedro,” the ship of De Soto, the pirate, iii. 79
Defoe’s “Robinson Crusoe:” the island of Juan Fernandez, i. 33
De Gusman: Gibraltar besieged by him, i. 91, 92
Delorme, Dupuy: “Napoleon” constructed by, i. 226
Deptford: old Deptford dockyard, i. 280; ii. 37;
Peter the Great, 38;
Saye’s Court, 39
De Quiros, Pedro Fernandez: discovery of the New Hebrides, i. 151;
his discoveries in the southern hemisphere, iii. 277
De Ruyter, Admiral, on the Medway, ii. 31
Desertion: from the navy; mutiny of the Bounty, i. 235, 239;
mutiny of the Nore, 254;
the Wager, ii. 53
Desolation Island, iii. 279
De Soto Benito, the pirate: his cruelty, iii. 78–84;
executed, 83
“Deutschland,” Wreck of the, ii. 114, 273
De Veer: narrative of Barents’s voyage of discovery, iii. 134, 138
Devil-fish, iv. 146
Devil’s Frying-pan, Cornwall, iv. 225
Devonshire coast scenery, iv. 199
Devonshire boys on training-ships, i. 46
Diamond fields of South Africa, i. 210
Diamond Rock, Martinique: the Centaur, i. 161, 187
Diaz, Bartholomew de: his discovery of the Cape of Good Hope, i. 203; iii. 282, 284;
sea passage from Portugal to India, iii. 281
Dibdin, Charles, and his two sons; their sea-songs, iv. 298
Dickens, Charles: his first trip to America, iv. 3–12
Dip of the magnetic needle, iii. 187
Discipline, Value of; the Vanguard, i. 65;
“Kent,” East Indiaman, 64, 68, 69, 71, 74;
wreck of the Alceste, i. 82, 83;
loss of the “Birkenhead,” i. 74, 75;
want of discipline in the wreck of the “Medusa,” i. 75–82
Disco, Alert and Discovery at, iii. 92, 93;
“Pandora” at, iii. 95;
entrance to music-hall, 96
Discovery, Henry Hudson’s ship, iii. 146
Discovery, Captain Cook’s ship, iii. 155, 318
Discovery: departure from Portsmouth with the Alert, iii. 84;
narrative of the expedition, 99–114
Divers at work, iv. 85
Divers attacked by a sword-fish, iv. 84
Diving for pearls, iv. 69
Diving for wreckage: the diving-bell, iv. 79
Diving dress, iv. 86.
(See Swimming.)
Dobb’s Galley: its expedition to the Arctic regions, iii. 154
Dogs in M‘Clintock’s Arctic expedition, iii. 219, 225
Dogs, Edible, iii. 220
Dogs, Wild, at Tortuga, iii. 7
Dog-fish, iv. 162, 164, 262
Dominica, i. 187
Dorothea in the ice, iii. 165, 166, 167
Doughtie, Master, executed by Drake for mutiny, i. 307
Douglas Pines of British Columbia used for canoes, i. 167
Dover, iv. 239, 240
Drake, Sir Francis: the Spanish Armada, i. 284, 286, 288;
his first view of the Pacific, 289, 302;
his ships, Judith, Pascha, Swan; his attack on Nombre de Dios, 302;
at the Isthmus of Panama, 303;
passes the Straits of Magellan, 305;
his circumnavigation of the globe, ib.;
natives of Seal Bay, 306;
execution of a mutineer, 307;
his ship, the Golden Hinde, 308;
portrait, 309;
treasure ship, “Cacafuego” taken by him, 311;
arrival at Ternate, 312;
at San Francisco, ib.;
at Celebes, 313;
death, funeral, and character, 314
Drake taken by Paul Jones, iii. 75
Draper, Rev. Mr., lost in the “London,” ii. 294
Dreadnought, i. 5
Dreadnought, hospital ship, ii. 120; iv. 285
Dredges at work on the Suez Canal, i. 112, 113
Dredging in the deep sea, i. 30, 31
Dredging instruments on board the Challenger, i. 38
Drinkwater’s “Siege of Gibraltar,” i. 16, 91, 97
Drowning. (See Swimming.)
Duel of English and French ships, i. 271
Duncan, Admiral, addressing his crew on the Venerable, mutiny of the Nore, i. 253
Dundas, Lord: Symington’s steam vessel, “Charlotte Dundas,” ii. 84
Dundonald, Earl of: his “Autobiography of a Seaman,” i. 216
Dunmore, Lord: life saved by him from shipwreck, iv. 243
D’Urville, Admiral: discovery of South Polar Land, iii. 279
D’Urville, Dumont: Trepang fishery at Raffles’ Bay, iv. 127
Dust falling at Shanghai, i. 125
Dutch East India Company, ii. 13
Dutch fisheries, ii. 23
Dutch naval war, ii. 30;
Martin Tromp, ib.;
Admiral Van Tromp, 31
Dutch shipping and English compared by Raleigh, ii. 10
Dutch voyages of discovery, iii. 129
Dyke Sand: the Goodwins, ii. 255
Dynamite, its explosive power, ii. 152
“Earl of Balcarras,” East Indiaman, ii. 15
Earthquakes: at Shanghai, i. 123;
California, 162;
West Indies, 186
Eastbourne, iv. 235
East India Company; its history, ii. 11
East India Station, i. 119
Echinoderms, iv. 126
Edinburgh, His Royal Highness the Duke of: the Galatea at the Cape, i. 205, 209
Edward III.: his fleet, i. 271, 272
Edwards, Captain Edward: expedition of the Pandora to find the mutineers of the Bounty, i. 244–246
Eddystone Lighthouse, ii. 156;
its history, 159;
Winstanley’s lighthouse, ib.;
Rudyerd’s, 161–163;
Smeaton’s, 164–171;
views of former and present lighthouses, 160, 161, 168;
interior of the light chamber, 171;
portrait of Smeaton, 170
“Effort” on the Goodwin Sands, ii. 247
Egerton, Sub-lieutenant, in Arctic exploration, iii. 105, 106
Egyptian galleys, i. 259
Eider ducks and their eggs, iii. 167, 251, 252
El Dorado, The search for, ii. 4
Electrical phenomenon at Cape Horn, i. 176
Electricity employed to remove the Royal George, i. 62
Ekenhead, Lieutenant: his swim with Byron across the Hellespont, iv. 257
Electric light for lighthouses, ii. 187
Elephant-hunting in South Africa, i. 208
Elizabeth, Queen: her navy, i. 232, 282;
the Spanish Armada, 283–291;
Drake’s circumnavigation of the globe, 314;
her patronage of Gilbert and Raleigh; present to Gilbert, 316;
encouragement of Frobisher, iii. 123, 124
Elliott, General: his defence of Gibraltar, i. 16–18
El Puerto del Santa Maria, Cuba: taken by the pirate Morgan, iii. 30
“Ely”: rescue of the “Woolpacket,” Bideford Bay, ii. 251, 252
Emigration of Chinese to California, i. 162
Emigration: to Australia, i. 154;
Cape of Good Hope, 210;
America, ii. 62, 69;
Melbourne, iv. 54, 55
Engineers on board ship, i. 224–226;
engine room of the Warrior, 225;
rank and pay of engineers, ib.
English sailors, i. 226
Enisco, M. F. de: his generosity to Nicuesa, iii. 309;
his expeditions, capture of gold, iii. 314
Enterprise: search for Franklin, iii. 211, 214
Erebus, Franklin’s ship in his last voyage, iii. 207
Erebus and Terror among the icebergs, iii. 193;
discovery of relics, 227
Ericsson, Captain John: his battery in the first “Monitor,” i. 23;
portrait, ii. 97;
introduction of the screw-propeller, 102
Espinosa, Spanish admiral: his letter to the pirate Morgan, iii. 39
Esquemeling, Joseph, a bucanier: his account of them, iii. 3, 6
Esquimalt, Vancouver Island, i. 163, 165
Esquimaux, The, iii. 117;
described by Frobisher, 123;
portraits, 172;
snow village, 173, 174;
Franklin’s fight with Esquimaux, 195;
kaiyacks and boat, 196;
Dr. Kane at Etah, 238, 251;
relics of Franklin, 225;
plot against Dr. [pg 310]Hayes in Dr. Kane’s expedition, 241;
a laudanum stew, 243;
snow-houses, 244;
portrait of Kalutunah, 245;
sledges and team of dogs, 163, 225
Esquiros, Alphonse: on “English Seamen and Divers,” i. 42;
on street arabs, 47;
on Lloyd’s, ii. 125–128;
on the diving-bell, iv. 81, 83
Etah, Esquimaux at, iii. 251
Eugénie, Empress of the French, at the inauguration of the Suez Canal, i. 115
Euplectella (Venus’s flower-basket,), i. 30, 32
Eurydice training-ship: lost off the Isle of Wight, iv. 227, 228
Falconer, James; his poem “The Shipwreck,” iv. 297;
his Marine Dictionary, ib.
Falkland Islands, i. 176
Falmouth: its history, iv. 222;
lighthouse, ib.;
harbour, i. 72
Farmer Peck’s Inn, Simon’s Bay, i. 206
Fat: its influence on longevity, iv. 168
Faulkner, Captain R., in the Bellona takes the “Courageux,” i. 228
Fearney, William, Nelson’s bargeman at the battle of St. Vincent, i. 8
Fearon, Colonel: burning of the “Kent,” i. 69
Female pirates: Mary Read and Anne Bonney, iii. 67, 68
Ferdinand and Isabella: surrender of Gibraltar to, i. 92;
their negotiations with and support of Columbus, ii. 286;
reception of him after his first voyage, 289, 293;
his second and third voyages, 295;
his arrest and subsequent treatment, 296, 297;
their conduct to Ojèda and Nicuesa, 307
Fernandez, Juan: his supposed Antarctic voyage, iii. 276
Ferry-boats at New York, i. 196, 197
Field, Cyrus W.: his promotion of submarine telegraphy, iv. 98–100
Figuier: on sea-monsters, i. 31;
foraminifera, iv. 112;
mussels, 130;
oysters, 131;
pteropoda, 142
Fiji Islands, iv. 47
Filey, iv. 252
Fins of fish as organs of locomotion, iv. 159
Fire: The Ship on Fire; burning of the “Amazon,” ii. 256, 278–290
Fires in Californian forests, i. 166
Fire-ships attacking the Spanish Armada, i. 288
Fish-life: voices of fish; Do fish sleep? iv. 178
Fish, Anatomy of, iv. 159
Fish-bladder, iv. 159
Fish: salmon in British Columbia, i. 164, 168, 170, 171;
cod in Behring Sea, 170
Fish: Dutch fisheries, ii. 23
Fisheries of Cornwall, iv. 215, 216
Fish at Juan Fernandez, i. 34
Fiskernæs, South Greenland, iii. 164
Fitch’s improvements in steam vessels, ii. 85, 89
Fitzjames, Captain, of the Erebus, iii. 230
Flags of the World, Naval, ii. 1
Flamborough Head, iv. 251
Floating ice, iii. 125, 130
Floating light-ships, iv. 244
Flogging in the Navy, i. 51–53
Flying-fish, i. 80; iv. 162, 164
Fogs: loss of the Vanguard, i. 63–67
Fog in the Polar regions, iii. 111, 166, 182, 183, 259
Fog-horns, or Siren signals, iv. 280
Foraminifera, iv. 111
Forecastle pest-houses, ii. 121
Forest, Submerged, iv. 199
“Forfarshire,” Wreck of the, iv. 64
Fortifications of Cherbourg, ii. 189;
of Portland, 195
Fort Enterprise, Franklin at, iii. 188, 190, 193
Forts and ships of war at Sebastopol, i. 14, 15
Fossil ivory, iii. 162
“Fougueux” taken at Trafalgar, i. 11
“Fox”: the search for Franklin, iii. 215
Franklin, Sir John: his tombstone, iii. 98;
Arctic voyages, 166, 168, 178, 189, 190, 191, 193, 195;
his last voyage, 204;
portrait, 205;
memoir, 206;
the search for, 207–232;
relics found by Dr. Rae, 215;
other relics, 227, 229, 231
Franklin, Lady: her advocacy and support of Polar exploration, iii. 92, 93, 98;
search for Sir John Franklin, 207, 215, 222
Franz Josef Land, discovered by Lieutenant Payer, iii. 272
Frederick William, Emperor of Germany: Arctic expedition of the “Germania” and “Hansa,” iii. 259
Free-board of the Captain, i. 54
Free Town, Sierra Leone, i. 202, 204
Freezing, The sleepy comfort of: Dr. Kane’s experience, iii. 237
French ironclads, i. 83
French sailors, i. 226
Frobisher, Sir Martin: the Spanish Armada, i. 284, 287;
his voyages of discovery, iii. 123, 124, 126;
portrait, 128
Frobisher’s Strait, iii. 146
Frost-bite, iii. 171
Fruit at Shanghai, i. 123;
in South Australia, 154
Fulton, Robert: steam navigation, ii. 87–95;
submarine boat, 88;
“Clermont,” 93;
portrait, 95;
his torpedoes and torpedo boat, ii. 149, 153
Funeral at sea, ii. 153
Fur-sealing: Alaska and San Francisco, i. 170, 171
Fury: Arctic voyage, iii. 172, 176
Fusaro, Lake: its oysters, iv. 136