Valencia. Grown by Munson from seed secured in South Spain, near Valencia. Described by the originator as vigorous, short-jointed; healthy, a light cropper; cluster small, shouldered, very compact; berry small, brownish-red; pulp melting, juicy, very sweet and fine. Munson gives the species as Bourquiniana.
Valentine. August Isabella. Mentioned by Prince in Gardener’s Monthly for 1863.
Valhallah. (Lab. Cand. Rip. Vin. Bourq.) From Munson, about 1902; a hybrid of Elvicand and Brilliant. Described by the originator as a very vigorous, drouth-enduring, prolific vine; cluster medium; berry large, bright clear red; skin thin, tough; pulp juicy, tender, nearly equaling Brilliant in quality; ripens about with Concord.
Valverde. (Champ. Lab. Vin. Bourq.) From Munson; a seedling of De Grasset fertilized with Brilliant. Stamens erect; bunch and berry large; ripens mid-season in Texas.
Van Deman. (Linc. Lab. Vin.) From Texas; a cross of Lincecumii and Triumph. Vigorous; stamens erect; bunch medium, compact; berry medium, black; poor to good; ripens about two weeks after Catawba.
Vanderburgh. Noted in Record of Horticulture for 1868 as a new and promising variety from Lansingburg, New York; not yet sent out.
Venango. (Lab.) Minor’s Seedling. According to Buchanan (Mss.), an old variety, said to have been cultivated by the French at Fort Venango, on Allegheny River, over a century ago. Very vigorous, hardy, healthy and usually productive; stamens erect; bunch medium, compact; sometimes shouldered; berries medium, round or sometimes flattened by compactness; skin thick and tough, pale red with white bloom; flesh sweet, aromatic; pulpy and foxy; ripens about with Concord.
Vermont. Listed by Prince in Gardener’s Monthly, 1863, as a worthless sort.
Vermont Giant. (Lab.) From C. G. Pringle of Charlotte, Vermont. Noted in the Western New York Horticultural Society Report, 1882, as a black, very pulpy grape with poor flavor.
Vermorel. (Champ.) A wild variety of Vitis champini from Williamson County, Texas; collected by Munson. Stamens reflexed; bunch small with medium-sized black berry; early.
Vesta. (Lab. Vin.) A seedling of Salem; from C. Engle, Paw Paw, Michigan. Vigorous, hardy, productive; stamens upright; bunches medium to large, long, shouldered, moderately compact; berries large, round, greenish-white; skin thin, tough; pulp tender, juicy, vinous, rich; very good; about a week later than Concord.
Viala. (Champ.) A wild variety of Vitis champini, from Coryell County, Texas; collected by Munson. Stamens reflexed; bunch small; berry medium, black; early.
Vialla. (Rip.) According to Bushberg Catalogue, 1883, “a Franco-American variety, recommended as a grafting stock; resembles the Franklin and is by some supposed to be the same variety; others contend that it is distinct from and superior to Franklin.”
Victoria. Origin unknown. Moderately vigorous, open, healthy; bunch very small, short and thick; berry large, round, dark purple, scarcely black, with thin bloom; skin tender; pulp tender but stringy, juicy, mild acid, without decided character; poor; about a week later than Concord.
Victoria. (Lab.) Ray’s Victoria. Introduced in 1872 by M. M. Samuels, of Clinton, Kentucky. Vigorous, healthy, and productive; bunch medium; berry medium, round, amber color; skin thin; pulp tender, sweet and of high flavor; very good; resembles Venango.
Vine Arbor. Mentioned in the United States Patent Office Report, 1845, as being grown at Brinkleyville, Halifax County, North Carolina, at that time. So called on account of its very large leaf and extended growth, consequently adapted for arbors.
Vinita. (Linc. Bourq.) A seedling of Post-oak crossed with Herbemont; from Munson, about 1885. Very vigorous, productive; stamens erect; bunch large, conical, shouldered, compact; berries small to medium, purple; skin thin, tough; pulp juicy, melting; “best”; very late.
Vinrouge. (Lab. Aest. Vin. Bourq. Rup. Linc.) From a cross between America and Laura; by Munson about 1894. Vigorous, healthy; stamens erect; bunch large; berry medium; black; early.
Virginia. Noted by Buchanan, 1852, as a grape raised and exhibited by N. Longworth in 1846.
Vivie Hybrid. Vivie’s Hartford. According to Bushberg Catalogue, 1883, “produced by M. Vivie in France, and by some called Vivie’s Hartford. Of very vigorous growth, very productive and its grape of good quality making a very good wine.”
Waddel. (Lab.) Noted in the United States Department of Agriculture Report for 1893. Found in the woods of Highland County, Ohio, about 1863, by John F. Waddel. Productive and hardy; cluster medium, heavily shouldered, moderately compact; berry oval, medium to large, persistent; skin thick, tender, dark purple or black with heavy blue bloom; pulp translucent, tender, melting, very juicy, mildly sweet, rich, pleasant with slightly musky aroma; good to very good; season September 20-30th in Ohio.
Waldo Seedling. (Lab.) A chance seedling found on the farm of J. B. Waldo, Johnsville, Dutchess County, New York, about 1881. Of medium vigor, healthy, hardy, productive; clusters as large or larger than Concord, often nearly double, somewhat loose; berries large, black with abundant blue bloom; skin variable in thickness, tender; pulp moderately sweet, juicy, slightly foxy with Concord flavor; good; ripens a little before Moore Early. Resembles Concord closely.
Wales. (Lab.) A seedling having a medium-sized bunch, exhibited by E. W. Bull at the meeting of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society in 1874.
Waneta. (Lab. Vin. Bourq.) A seedling of Delago crossed with Brilliant; from Munson, about 1896. Stamens erect; bunch medium with large red berry; equal to Brighton in flavor; late.
Warmita. (Linc. Rup. Lab.) From a cross between America and Beacon; by Munson, about 1896. Healthy and vigorous; stamens erect; bunch and berry large, black; ripens mid-season.
Warren. Supposed by some to be identical with Herbemont but claimed to be distinct by others. The original vine grew near Warrenton in Warren County, Georgia.
Washington. Noted by Warder in 1867. From New York. Early, black.
Washita. (Lab. Vin. Bourq.) A seedling of Delago crossed with Governor Ireland; from Munson, about 1896. Stamens erect; bunch medium with large, black berry, equal to Concord in flavor; early.
Washita. A white grape from Arkansas; on trial in the government experimental gardens in 1859.
Waterloo. Rock House Indian. A native grape from Illinois, grown by F. Muench. Vigorous and a good bearer; cluster and berry small.
Watertown. From D. S. Marvin, Watertown, New York. According to Mitzky, 1893, a good grower; bunch medium, sometimes shouldered; berry medium, slightly oblong, white; sweet; fine quality.
Watova. (Lab. Rip. Vin. Aest.) A cross between Gold Coin and Rommel; from Munson, in 1899. Stamens erect; bunch and berry large, yellow; late.
Waubeck. (Linc. Lab. Aest.) A seedling of Jaeger No. 43 fertilized with Laussel; from Munson, about 1893. Stamens erect; bunch large; berry medium, black, equal to Concord in flavor; very late.
Waverly. (Vin. Rip. Lab.) A seedling of Clinton and one of the Muscats; from Jas. H. Ricketts, about 1870. Usually vigorous and productive, hardy, healthy; bunch medium, shouldered, compact; berry medium, round to oval, black with blue bloom; pulp tender, juicy, sweet, vinous; good; ripens with Brighton.
W. B. Munson. (Linc. Vin. Lab.) A seedling of Post-oak No. 3, crossed with Triumph; from Munson, about 1887. Vigorous, very productive, subject to mildew in the South; stamens erect; bunch medium or sometimes large, cylindrical, compact, sometimes shouldered; berry medium, round, black, persistent; pulp juicy, melting, sprightly; very good; late.
Webb Grape. Mentioned by Prince in 1830. Discovered by Samuel Webb, of Philadelphia, near Woodbury, Pennsylvania. Berries large, black.
Weeks Seedling. Mentioned in the American Horticultural Annual, 1871. Raised by Dr. Cyrus Weeks, of Bellville, New Jersey. Medium bunch and berry; very sweet; pleasant flavor.
Wells. (Lab.) Wells’ Seedling. Originated in Ohio where it was discovered by a Mr. Wells about 1882. Vigorous, healthy, very productive; clusters large, cylindrical, shouldered, moderately compact; berries large, bronze or wine-colored, oval; pulp tender, mild, very juicy with a peculiar musky flavor and foxy aroma; fair quality; ripens about two weeks after Concord.
Western Beauty. Grown from mixed seed by E. P. Fisher, Sterling, Kansas, about 1904. Described by the originator as a black or purple grape of superior quality, better than Concord, a stronger grower than that variety and perfectly hardy; ripens about with Catawba.
Wetumka. (Lab. Aest. Rip. Bourq.) From a cross by Munson between One Seed and Gold Coin, about 1893. Of medium vigor, healthy, productive; stamens erect; clusters medium, ovate, moderately compact, sometimes shouldered; berries large, globular, yellowish-green; pulp juicy, tender; good; ripens after Concord.
Wewoka. (Linc. Rup. Lab.) Produced by Munson, about 1893, by crossing America with Beacon. Stamens reflexed; bunch very large; berry large, black; late.
Wheaton. (Lab. Bourq. Vin.) A seedling of Delaware; from John C. Wheaton, of Dansville, New York, in 1873. Rather weak grower, hardy, variable in productiveness; tendrils irregularly continuous; foliage not very healthy; stamens upright; flowers nearly fertile; clusters medium to small, much like Delaware, cylindrical, nearly compact, sometimes shouldered; berries small, roundish, light green with yellow tinge, with thin gray bloom; pulp tender, nearly sweet; good; ripens about with Delaware.
White Ann Arbor. (Lab.) Ann Arbor. A seedling of Concord; raised by Chas. H. Woodruff, of Ann Arbor, Michigan, in 1870. Of medium vigor, very hardy, moderately productive; bunch and berry large, white with white bloom; pulp tough, sweet; good; ripens about two weeks before Concord.
White Beauty. (Lab. Vin. Bourq.) A seedling of Dutchess; from Stayman of Kansas. Very vigorous, hardy, healthy and very productive; bunch large, long, shouldered, compact; berries medium size, white; pulp tender, sprightly, rich, vinous, sweet; best; ripens with Concord and will hang until frost.
White Cape. (Lab. Vin.) According to Mitzky, 1893, similar to Alexander except that it is greenish-white in color.
White Catawba. (Lab. Vin.) A seedling of Catawba; raised by John E. Mottier, of Ohio, about 1849. Bunch medium, shouldered; berry large, round, greenish; pulpy, foxy.
White Clinton. White Delaware. Mentioned in the United States Department of Agriculture Report for 1864, as being a hardy and vigorous vine with a small white grape, insipid and worthless.
White Cloud. (Lab. Vin. Bourq.) A seedling of Dutchess; from Stayman, of Kansas. Vigorous, hardy, healthy and productive; clusters large, long, compact; berries large, white; skin thin, tough; pulp tender, juicy, rich, sprightly, vinous, sweet; best; ripens with Concord.
White Delaware. (Lab. Vin. Bourq.) From Geo. W. Campbell, of Delaware, Ohio. Lacking in size and productiveness as compared with its parent; resembles Delaware in form of bunch and berry, compact and shouldered; greenish-white with thin white bloom; early.
White Delaware. (Lab. Bourq. Vin.) According to Bushberg Catalogue, 1894, from Hermann Jaeger, of Neosho, Missouri; bunch and berries closely resemble the Delaware in shape and size but it has some Labrusca characteristics.
White Delaware. (Lab. Bourq. Vin.) Produced by Jacob Rommel of Morrison, Missouri. Described by Mitzky, 1893, as healthy, moderate grower, very productive; bunch medium, compact, shouldered; berry medium, white with white bloom; skin tough; without pulp, very sweet, pure flavor, delicious; ripens with Concord.
White Delaware. (Lab. Bourq. Vin.) From C. J. Copley, Stapleton, New York. Described in Massachusetts Horticultural Society Report, 1880, as having a small bunch, exceedingly compact; berries very small, round, green with an amber tint in the sun, thin bloom; skin very thick; sweet with not much pulp but pretty hard.
White Delaware seedlings have also been produced by John Burr, J. Sacksteder, Dr. J. Stayman, D. B. Woodbury and others.
White Elizabeth. Hart’s White; White Isabella. Listed by Prince in Gardener’s Monthly for 1863.
White English. Mentioned in the United States Patent Office Report for 1845 as being grown by Sidney Weller, Brinkleyville, North Carolina.
Whitehall. (Lab.) Supposed to be a chance seedling from Geo. Goodale, of Whitehall, Washington County, New York; first fruited in 1870. Of medium vigor, not very productive, comparatively healthy; stamens reflexed; clusters large, moderately compact, shouldered; berry medium, dark purple or nearly black with thin bloom; pulp tender, melting and sweet; ripens about with Hartford.
White Jewel. (Rip. Lab.) Burr’s No. 19. A seedling of Elvira; supposed to be from John Burr, of Leavenworth, Kansas. Vigorous, hardy and very productive; stamens upright; bunch medium, long, compact; berry medium, round, white with abundant bloom; skin thin, rather tender; pulp very juicy, tender, sweet, sprightly, very good; ripens about with Moore Early.
White Mountain. From Connecticut; very early.
White Muscadine. Mentioned in the United States Patent Office Report, 1862, in a list of grapes that do well as far north as Burlington, Vermont.
White Musk. (Lab. Vin.) According to Fuller, 1867, a hybrid from Jacob Moore, of Rochester, New York. Vine resembles Sweetwater but does not require protection; of medium size with insipid flavor.
White Northern Muscat. (Vin. Lab.) Culinary Grape; White’s Northern Muscadine. A seedling of Brighton fertilized with Muscat; from W. T. White, Troy, Ohio, about 1889. Vigorous, tender, moderately productive; stamens upright; bunch medium size, compact; berries large, nearly round, brownish-green or amber color; skin thick, tough; pulp large, tender, juicy, sweet; high flavor; about ten days earlier than Concord.
White Norton. (Aest. Lab.) A seedling of Norton; from F. Langendoerfer, Hermann, Missouri. Noted in Missouri Horticultural Society Report, 1883, as a slow grower, moderately productive, very hardy; smaller than its parent, of a golden yellow color and a few days earlier.
White Norton. (Aest. Lab.) White Virginia Seedling. Another Norton seedling, probably crossed with some Labrusca; produced by J. Balziger, Highland, Illinois. Strong, hardy; healthy and vigorous; fruit similar to Elvira but better in quality; very late; shows some Labrusca blood.
White Rose. Received at this Station for testing in 1906 from Miss R. R. Short, Clifton Springs, New York.
White Sugar. W. R. Prince in Gardener’s Monthly for 1863, mentions this variety as a worthless Labrusca.
White Tennessee. According to Grape Culturist, 1871, grown by W. Valiant, of Clarksville, Tennessee, and known by him for about fifty years. Hardy, productive and free from disease.
White Ulster. (Lab. Vin.) According to Bushberg Catalogue, 1894, an amateur variety, raised by A. J. Caywood from a seedling of Ulster crossed with White Concord.
Wilcox. Mentioned in the United States Patent Office Report, 1845, as being grown by Sidney Weller, Brinkleyville, North Carolina.
Wilding. (Rip. Lab.) A seedling found by Jacob Rommel, Morrison, Missouri. Vigorous, hardy and healthy, moderately productive; stamens reflexed; bunch medium, loose, shouldered; berry medium, round, pale green, almost transparent; skin very thin, and tender; no pulp, juicy, very sweet; very good; ripens with Concord.
Wilkins Seedling. (Lab.) From O. Fitzalwyn Wilkins, Bridgeburgh, Ontario, about 1895. Described in the Canadian Horticulturist, 1898, as follows: Bunch of good size and form; berries white, round, of medium size; skin thin and tender; pulp tender and separates readily from the seeds; flavor agreeable, somewhat foxy, but much sweeter and pleasanter than Concord; early.
Willard. (Lab.) From E. P. Fisher, Sterling, Kansas; received at this Station for testing in 1905. Described by originator as a vigorous, short-jointed grower, perfectly hardy, sometimes mildews; bunch a little smaller than Concord, compact; berry nearly large, round, red; sweet, without any foxiness; lacks vigor here; tendrils continuous or sometimes intermittent.
Williamson. (Cand.) A wild variety of Candicans from Williamson County, Texas; collected by T. V. Munson. Stamens reflexed; small bunch with very large, black berry; early.
Williamsport. Noted in the Magazine of Horticulture, 1860, as a new variety originated on the mountain near Williamsport, Pennsylvania. Perfectly hardy, and very prolific.
William Wine. (Lab. Aest.) Mentioned by S. J. Parker in the United States Department of Agriculture Report for 1864. Cluster small with long peduncle; berry large, round, having “the fox grape perfume mingled with that of a rose.”
Willie. (Lab.) Said to be a seedling of Northern Muscadine crossed with Concord; from L. C. Chisholm, Spring Hill, Tennessee. Vigorous, rampant grower, healthy and very productive; fruit larger than Concord, shouldered, very showy; black with white bloom; pulp vinous and sprightly, no foxiness; excellent wine grape; ripens with or a few days later than Concord.
Willis. (Lab. Bourq. Vin.) A seedling of Delaware; from Willis W. Jones, Camargo, Illinois, about 1865. Usually vigorous, as hardy as Concord, healthy, generally quite productive; bunch medium, compact, shouldered, in shape like the Delaware; berry medium, round, pale green or amber-yellow with a slight bloom; pulp tender, very juicy, slightly vinous, sweet, foxy; good; early.
Willis Fredonia. Guernsey Grape; Jersey Grape. Origin unknown; grown by John Willis, of Maryland. According to Prince, 1830, a vigorous rampant grower, healthy, very productive; fruit black and pleasant for the table.
Willis Large Black. Great Black Muscadine. An old variety mentioned by Prince in 1830, who says, “according to a traditional account of the Southern Indians, this vine and the White Scuppernong have been in bearing among them for more than five hundred years.” Very vigorous; berries very large; foxy.
Wilmington. (Lab. Vin.) Wilmington White. Originated with a Mr. Jeffries, near Wilmington, Delaware, about 1856. Very vigorous, hardy, productive; bunches large, loose, shouldered; berries large, roundish or inclining to oval, greenish-white; tender and not pulpy, sweet and pleasant when properly ripened but requires a long southern season; late.
Winchester. (Lab. Vin.) Brackett’s Seedling; Brackett’s Winchester. A seedling of Union Village; from E. A. Brackett, Winchester, Massachusetts, first fruited in 1858. Vigorous, hardy; bunch large; berry large, round, black, heavy bloom; juicy, sweet, vinous; resembles parent but ripens a week earlier.
Windsor. Noted by Prince in 1830. Found growing wild twelve miles north of Baltimore, at Windsor, on the plantation of George Fitzhugh. Very luxuriant and productive; clusters large and long; berries round, blue, juicy.
Winedrop. (Linc. Bourq.) A cross between Post-oak No. 1 and Herbemont by Munson, in 1884. Stamens reflexed; bunch large with small, dark red berry; late.
Wine House. Noted in United States Patent Office Report, 1854. Found growing spontaneously in the vineyard of Frederick Muench. Sweet and aromatic; not very juicy.
Wine King. (Aest. Linc. Rup. Lab.) A seedling of Winona crossed with America; from Munson, in 1898. Very vigorous, prolific, healthy; stamens erect; cluster large, compact; berry medium, black with blue bloom; very little pulp, tender, very juicy, vinous, rich and sprightly; good.
Winona. (Aest. Lab.) A seedling of Norton; from Munson, about 1895. Vigorous, productive; stamens upright; cluster large, loose, conical; berries small to medium, black; skin thin, tough; pulp juicy, tender, good; about a week earlier than Norton.
Winslow. (Rip.?) A seedling raised by Charles Winslow, of Cleveland, Ohio, about 1857. Hardy and productive; bunch medium, long, compact; berries small, round, black; pulp vinous and juicy; resembles Clinton but is less acid; very early.
Winter Wine. (Simp. Linc. Bourq.) A cross between Vitis simpsoni and Marguerite by Munson in 1898. Stamens reflexed; bunch large with medium-sized black berry; “extra late.”
Witt. (Lab.) A white seedling of Concord; from Michael Witt, of Columbus, Ohio, about 1880. Not very vigorous, hardy, moderately healthy, very productive; clusters medium to large, conical, moderately compact, sometimes shouldered; berries variable in size, usually large, roundish, greenish-white or pale yellow with thin whitish bloom; pulp tender, juicy, vinous, sweet; good; ripens with Concord or a little before.
Woodbury. (Lab. Bourq. Vin.) Woodbury White. A seedling of Delaware from D. B. Woodbury, Paris, Maine, about 1891. Described in Bushberg Catalogue, 1894, as resembling Delaware in growth and foliage; bunch medium, compact; berry larger than Delaware, slightly oblong, greenish-white with fine bloom; skin thin, yet tough, almost transparent; juicy, sweet, good; ripens two weeks before Concord; a very good keeper.
Woodbury. Mentioned in the United States Department of Agriculture Report for 1863, as being on trial in the government experimental garden.
Woodcock Seedling. Exhibited by H. Woodcock at the Western New York Horticultural Society meeting in 1887. A large red grape, of very good quality; ripens with Delaware.
Woodford. On trial in the United States Department of Agriculture experimental vineyard in 1860. Vigorous; purple; pulpy, juicy, sweet.
Woodriver. According to Bushberg Catalogue, 1883, originated near Woodriver, Washington County, Rhode Island, by a Mr. Brown. White, very early, fine quality.
Woodson. From Prince Edward County, Virginia, previous to 1830. Bunch medium, very compact; berry medium red; no pulp, rich; good for table and wine; later than Cunningham.
Wyman. (Lab. Vin.) Wyman’s Seedling. Exhibited by Joseph Breck in 1854 at a session of the fruit committee of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society. Said to be a seedling of Catawba; berries large, sweet and free of pulp; ripens with or before Isabella.
Wynant. (Lab. Vin.) According to Mitzky, 1893, a chance seedling grown by D. W. Babcock, Dansville, New York; almost identical with Dutchess.
Wyoming. Noted in the United States Patent Office Report, 1860. Vigorous; black; juicy, somewhat pulpy.
Wylie’s Seedlings. Unnamed seedlings of Dr. A. P. Wylie, of Chester, South Carolina:
No. 4. A cross between two hybrids. Described by originator in Bushberg Catalogue, 1883, as bunch somewhat larger than Lenoir; berry medium, of a clear transparent golden color; finest texture and flavor, resembles White Frontignan; ripens as early as Concord.
Concord and Foreign No. 8. (Vin. Lab.) Seedling of Concord and Bowood Muscat. Strong grower; foliage Labrusca; cluster very large, loose; berry very large, black, of foreign texture; skin thick; ripens with Catawba.
Delaware and Concord No. 1. (Lab. Vin. Bourq.) Very hardy with Labrusca foliage; a great bearer; bunch and berry medium; skin thick, dark red; juicy, rich and sweet, slightly musky.
Halifax and Delaware No. 30. (Lab. Bourq. Vin.) The same color as Delaware with bunch of same size and berries one half larger; texture and flavor also much like Delaware; generally more healthy than that variety; a great bearer.
Halifax and Delaware No. 38. (Lab. Bourq. Vin.) Hardy and healthy with Labrusca foliage, not so strong a grower as No. 30; dark red in color with purple bloom and superior to No. 30 in flavor.
Halifax and Delaware No. 49. (Lab. Bourq. Vin.) A black grape of high vinous flavor.
Halifax and Delaware No. 55. (Lab. Bourq. Vin.) Bunch medium, long, shouldered; berries large, dark blue or purple with a purple bloom; flesh tender, juicy, very sweet, sprightly, high flavored; best.
Halifax and Hamburg No. 11. (Vin. Lab.) Very productive and healthy; bunch medium; berry medium, black, with thick skin.
Hybrid Scuppernong No. 4. (Rot.) Exhibited at the American Pomological Society in 1877. Healthy, very productive; bunches medium, compact; berry round, greenish-white; pulp nearly melting, very juicy, sprightly, vinous, with a musky aroma; good.
Hybrid Scuppernong No. 5. (Rot. Vin.) Parentage, Bland Madeira and Foreign No. 1, crossed with a staminate hybrid Scuppernong produced by impregnating Black Hamburg with Scuppernong. Healthy and hardy; bunch medium; berries large, white, transparent with thin tough skin; almost pulpless, rich, sweet, with a peculiar flavor; as early as Concord.
Xenia. (Lab. Vin. Bourq.) Parentage, Delaware, Goethe and Triumph; from Munson. Vigorous; cluster medium, compact; berry very large, white; skin thin and tough; pulp meaty, tender, sprightly, high flavor; best; very late, with Fern Munson or just before.
Xlnta. (Linc. Rup. Vin. Lab.). One of Munson’s seedlings; America fertilized with R. W. Munson. Vigorous, hardy in Southern States; stamens reflexed; cluster large, cylindrical, shouldered, fairly compact; berries medium to large, globular, black, with little bloom; skin thin; pulp meaty, tender, sprightly; season with or later than Concord.
Yoakum. (Bourq.) According to Bushberg Catalogue, 1894, “resembling the Herbemont, its juice is of deeper color, its foliage is more deeply lobed, but otherwise much inferior; ripening unevenly and being less productive.”
Yomago. (Lab. Vin. Bourq.) A cross between Delago and Brilliant, by Munson, about 1894. As grown at this Station, a weak grower, not hardy, variable in productiveness; flowers fertile, bloom late; stamens upright; clusters large, usually single-shouldered, compact; berries large, roundish, black, glossy, covered with heavy blue bloom; skin thin and tender; flesh pale green, tender, spicy, sweet with Post-oak flavor; fair to good; it is doubtful if it will ripen in this locality.
Yonkers. (Lab.) A Concord seedling; from J. W. Gray, Atwood, Illinois. Hardy, not a strong grower; bunch medium, shouldered, compact; berries large, round, light green; sweet; good; ripens a little before Concord.
York Claret. (Lab.) According to Prince, 1830, a native cultivated near York, Pennsylvania, where it is much esteemed for wine. Bunches and berries smaller than those of Alexander; without pulp, very juicy, sweet.
York Lisbon. (Lab. Vin.) Noted by Prince in 1830. Grown around York, Pennsylvania. Resembles Alexander but larger and a little elongated and the pulp is more acid; coarse, pulpy and foxy; some consider it identical with Alexander.
York Madeira. (Lab. Vin.?) Baldwin’s Early; Black German; Canby’s August; German Wine; Large German; Marion Port; Monteith; Shepherd’s Port Wine; Small German; Tryon; Wolfe. An old variety of Isabella type, originated at York, Pennsylvania. Vigorous, generally hardy, productive; cluster medium, compact, shouldered; berries medium, roundish, inclining to oval, black; pulp juicy, sweet, somewhat vinous, pleasant; ripens with Isabella or before. Some consider Marion (II) identical with this variety.
Young America. (Lab.) Raised by Samuel Miller, of Calmdale, Pennsylvania, about 1860. A seedling of Concord and resembling its parent in color and shape but three weeks later.
Zane. From a Mr. Zane, Wheeling, West Virginia; found by him growing wild on Wheeling Island. Berry medium, red.
Zelia. (Lab. Vin.) Parentage, Telegraph crossed with Black Hamburg; from C. J. Copley, Stapleton, New York. Medium in vigor, productive, quite hardy; leaves five-lobed, some indistinctly so, dull green; cluster large, compact; berry very large, black; skin thin, fine bloom; pulp tender, rich, sweet, aromatic; season earlier than Concord.
Zinnia. (Lab.) Origin unknown. Cluster large, loose, shouldered; berry medium, round, black with a rich bloom.
Zita. (Lab. Bourq. Vin.) A seedling of Delaware; from John Sacksteder, Leavenworth, Crawford County, Indiana. Vigorous, productive, healthy; cluster above medium; berry medium, round, yellow.
Zoe. Mentioned by Campbell in Garden and Forest, 1890, as a northern grape attaining its best quality in long seasons.
In the standard works listed below, the date of copyright has been preferred to that of the title page although where there are several editions from the same copyright they are given, so far as our knowledge permits. This is thought to be more just to the writers as the copyright date is usually a better indication of the time when the book was written than the date of publication. An effort has been made to present a complete bibliography of grape literature in the United States including many books which, owing to their nature, have been of no use in the preparation of this work. In addition there are given all agricultural works and periodicals to which references will be found in the preceding pages. Reports and bulletins of experiment stations and reports of horticultural societies are not included as in each case the abbreviation used is standard and sufficiently full for ready recognition. Only such European works have been included as were found useful in preparing the volume.
Adlum——A Memoir on the Cultivation of the Vine in America and the Best Mode of Making Wine. By John Adlum. Washington: 1823. Second edition, 1828.
Allen——Practical Treatise on the Culture and Treatment of the Grape Vine, etc. By J. Fisk Allen. Second edition, Boston: 1848. Third edition, 1853.
Amer. Farmer——The American Farmer. Baltimore: 1819-1832.
Amer. Gard.——The American Garden. 1888-1891. American Gardening, New York: 1892-1904. (The American Garden and Popular Gardening were combined in 1892 to form American Gardening.)
Am. Hort.——An. American Horticultural Annual. A Year Book of Horticultural Progress, etc. New York: 1867-1871.
Am. Jour. Hort.——The American Journal of Horticulture and Florist’s Companion. Name changed in 1869 to Tilton’s Journal of Horticulture and Florist’s Companion. Boston: 1867-1871.
Am. Pom. Soc. Rpt.——American Pomological Society Report. Issued usually biennially from 1852 to date.
Andrae——A Guide to the Cultivation of the Grape Vine in Texas, and Instructions for Wine-Making. By E. H. Andrae. Dallas, Texas: 1890.
An. Hort.——Annals of Horticulture in North America. A Witness of Passing Events and a Record of Progress. By L. H. Bailey. New York: 1889-1893. (Appearing annually.)
Antill——An Essay on the Cultivation of the Vine, etc. By Edward Antill. (Appearing in Transactions American Philosophical Society.) Philadelphia: 1771.
Bailey——American Grape Training; An Account of the Leading Forms Now in Use of Training the American Grapes. By L. H. Bailey. New York: 1893.
Barry——The Fruit Garden; A Treatise, etc. By P. Barry. New York: 1851. Revised edition (Barry’s Fruit Garden), New York: 1872. Revised edition (Barry’s Fruit Garden), New York: 1883.
Bolling——Sketch of Vine Culture. By Robert Bolling. (Never printed but several manuscript copies were circulated during the latter half of the 18th century. Extracts were published in several periodicals.)
Bright Bright’s Single Stem Dwarf and Renewal System of Grape Culture, etc. By William Bright. New York: 1860. Second edition, New York: 1861. (Same copyright date as first edition.)
Buchanan——The Culture of the Grape and Wine-Making. By Robert Buchanan. Cincinnati: 1852-1860 or later. (Eight editions or more.)
Budd-Hansen——American Horticultural Manual, etc. By J. L. Budd and N. E. Hansen. New York and London: 1903.
Busby——Journal of a Recent Visit to the Principal Vineyards of Spain and France, etc. By James Busby, Esq. New York and Boston: 1835.
Bush. Cat.——Illustrated Descriptive Catalogue of American Grape Vines, etc. By Bush and Son and Meissner. Third edition, St. Louis: 1883. Fourth edition same, St. Louis: 1894.
Can. Hort.——Canadian Horticulturist. Toronto: 1878 to date.
Chorlton——The Cold Grapery, from Direct American Practice, etc. By Wm. Chorlton. New York: 1853.
Chorlton——The American Grape Growers’ Guide, etc. By Wm. Chorlton. Many editions. With the exception of a final chapter added to the later editions there are no revisions. New York: 1852-1883.
Cole——The American Fruit Book, etc. By S. W. Cole. Boston and New York: 1849.
Cope——Physiography in its Application to Grape Culture. An essay in Saunders’ “Both Sides of the Grape Question”.
De Berneaud——The Vine-Dresser’s Theoretical and Practical Manual, etc. By Thiebaut de Berneaud. (Translated from the French.) New York: 1829.
Denniston——Grape Culture in Steuben County, New York. By G. Denniston. Albany: 1865. (In New York Agricultural Society Report, and also as a separate.)
Dom. Enc.——The Domestic Encyclopedia; or a Dictionary of Facts, etc. By A. F. M. Willich. First American edition with additions by James Mease. In five volumes. (The fifth volume contains an article on grapes by William Bartram and James Mease.) Philadelphia: 1804.
Downing——The Fruits and Fruit Trees of America. By A. J. Downing, 1845. Second edition, same text, with colored plates, 1847. First revision, by Charles Downing, 1857. Second revision, 1869. First appendix, 1872. Second appendix, 1876. Third appendix, 1881.
Du Breuil——The Thomery System of Grape Culture. (A translation from the French.) New York: No date.
Du Breuil——Vineyard Culture, etc. By A. Du Breuil. Translated (from the French) by E. & C. Parker, with notes and adaptations by John A. Warder. Cincinnati: 1867.
Dufour——The American Vine-Dresser’s Guide, etc. By John James Dufour. Cincinnati: 1826.
Eisen——The Raisin Industry, etc. By Gustav Eisen. San Francisco: 1890.
Elliott——Elliott’s Fruit Book, or the American Fruit Growers’ Guide, etc. By F. R. Elliott. New York: 1854. Revised edition (same), 1859.
Ev. of Nat. Fruits——Sketch of the Evolution of our Native Fruits. By L. H. Bailey. New York: 1898.
Fisher——Observations on the Character and Culture of the European Vine, etc. By S. I. Fisher. Philadelphia: 1834.
Flagg——Three Seasons in European Vineyards, etc. By Wm. J. Flagg. New York: 1869.
Floy-Lind.——Guide to the Orchard and Fruit Garden, etc. By George Lindley; edited by John Lindley. American edition with notes and additions by Michael Floy. New York: 1833.
Fuller——The Grape Culturist; a Treatise, etc. By Andrew S. Fuller. New York: 1864. Same, new and enlarged edition, New York: 1867. Same, new revised and enlarged edition, New York: 1894.
Gard. Chron.——Gardener’s Chronicle, etc. London: 1841 to date.
Gar. Mon.——Gardener’s Monthly, etc. Thomas Meehan, editor. Philadelphia: 1859-1887.
Goessman——Contribution to the Chemistry of the American Grape Vine. By C. A. Goessman. In Proceedings American Chemical Society, volume 2, and also as separate.
Grape Cult.——The Grape Culturist, a Monthly Journal, etc. George Husmann, editor. St. Louis: 1869-1871.
Grant——Manual of the Vine. By C. W. Grant, Iona, N. Y.: 1864.
Haraszthy——Grape Culture, Wines and Wine-Making, etc. By A. Haraszthy. New York: 1862.
Haskell——An Account of Various Experiments for the Production of New and Desirable Grapes. Ipswich, Mass.: 1877.
Hoare——A Practical Treatise on the Cultivation of the Grape Vine on Open Walls. By Clement Hoare. Boston: 1837. Same, Boston: 1840. Same, Boston: 1845. Same, New York: 1847.
Hofer——Grape Growing. A Simple Treatise on the Single Pole System, etc. By A. F. Hofer. New York: 1878.
Hooper——Hooper’s Western Fruit Book, etc. By E. J. Hooper. Cincinnati: 1857.
Horticola——The pseudonym of Dr. Charles Siedhof who translated and added notes to Mohr’s “The Grape Vine,” etc.
Horticulturist——The Horticulturist and Journal of Rural Art and Rural Taste. Albany, Philadelphia and New York: 1846-1875.
Husmann——The Cultivation of the Native Grape and Manufacture of American Wines. By George Husmann. New York: 1866.
Husmann——American Grape Growing and Wine Making. By George Husmann. Fourth edition, New York: 1895.
Hyatt——Hyatt’s Handbook of Grape Culture, etc. By T. Hart Hyatt. San Francisco: 1867.
Johnson——Rural Economy, etc. By S. W. Johnson. New York: 1806.
Keech——The Grape Growers’ Guide. By J. Keech. Waterloo, N. Y.: 1869.
Lond. Hort. Soc. Cat.——A Catalog of the Fruits Cultivated in the Garden of the Horticultural Society of London. First edition, London: 1826. Same, second edition, 1831.
Longworth——The Cultivation of the Grape and Manufacture of Wine. By N. Longworth. Cincinnati: 1846.
Loubat——The American Vine Dresser’s Guide. By Alphonse Loubat. New York: 1827. Same, 1872.
McMahon——The American Gardener’s Calendar, etc. By Bernard McMahon. Philadelphia: 1806.
McMinn——A Contribution to the Classification of the Species and Varieties of the Grape Vine. By J. M. McMinn. (An essay appearing in Saunders’ “Both Sides of the Grape Question.”)
McMurtrie——Report upon Statistics of Grape Culture and Wine Production in the United States for 1880. By Wm. McMurtrie, United States Department of Agriculture. Washington: 1881.
Mag. Hort.——Magazine of Horticulture. Published first two years under name American Gardener’s Magazine. C. M. Hovey, editor. Boston: 1835-1868.
Mead——An Elementary Treatise on American Grape Culture and Wine Making. By Peter B. Mead. New York: 1867.
Mitzky——Our Native Grape, etc. Published by C. Mitzky & Co. Rochester: 1893.
Mohr——The Grape Vine. A Practically Scientific Treatise on its Management, etc. By Frederick Mohr. Translated from the German by Horticola (Charles Siedhof). New York: 1867.
Muench——School for American Grape Culture, etc. By Frederick Muench. Translated from the German by Elizabeth H. Cutter. St. Louis: 1865.
Munson——Classification and Generic Synopsis of the Wild Grapes of North America. By T. V. Munson. United States Department of Agriculture, Division of Pomology, Bulletin 3. Washington: 1890.
My Vineyard——My Vineyard at Lakeview. By a western grape-grower (A. N. Prentiss). New York: 1866.
Persoz——New Process for the Culture of the Vine. By Persoz. Translated by J. O. C. Barclay. New York: 1856.
Phelps——The Vine: Its Culture in the United States, etc. By R. H. Phelps. Hartford: 1855.
Phin——Open Air Grape Culture, etc. By John Phin. New York: 1862. Same, 1876.
Prince——A Treatise on the Vine, etc. By William Robert Prince, aided by William Prince. New York: 1830.
Rafinesque——American Manual of the Grape Vines, etc. By C. S. Rafinesque. Philadelphia: 1830.
Rec. of Hort.——Woodward’s Record of Horticulture. Edited by A. S. Fuller. (An annual). New York: 1866-1868.
Reemelin——The Vine-Dresser’s Manual; An Illustrated Treatise, etc. By Charles Reemelin. New York: 1856.
Rural N. Y.——Rural New Yorker. Rochester and New York: 1850 to date.
Saunders——Both Sides of the Grape Question, etc.: Three essays on grape culture by Wm. Saunders, F. J. Cope and J. M. McMinn. Philadelphia: 1860.
Siedhof, Charles——(See Mohr.)
Sou. Agr.——Southern Agriculturist, Horticulturist, etc. Charleston: 1828-1846.
Speechly——A Treatise on the Culture of the Vine, etc. By William Speechly. Dublin: 1791.
Spooner——The Cultivation of American Grape Vines, etc. By Alden Spooner. Brooklyn: 1846.
Story of the Vine——The Story of the Vine. By Edward R. Emerson. New York and London: 1901.
Strong——Culture of the Grape. By W. C. Strong. Boston: 1866.
Thomas——The American Fruit Culturist. By J. J. Thomas. Published at various places. First edition, 1846; twenty-first edition, 1903.
Tomes——The Champagne Country. By Robert Tomes. New York: 1867.
Traité gen. de vit.——Traité general de viticulture, etc. Published under the direction of P. Viala and V. Vermorel assisted by many others. In six volumes. Paris: 1903.
Tryon——A Practical Treatise on Grape Culture, etc. By J. H. Tryon. Willoughby, Ohio: 1887. Same, second edition, Willoughby, Ohio: 1893.
U. S. D. A.——. Reports of the United States Department of Agriculture: 1862 to date.
U. S. Pat. Off.——Rpt. Reports of the Agricultural Section of the United States Patent Office: 1837 to 1861.
Vineyardist——The Vineyardist. Penn Yan, N. Y.
Wait——Wines and Vines of California, etc. By Frona Eunice Wait. San Francisco: 1889.
Warder——See Du Breuil.
West. Hort. Rev.——Western Horticultural Review. J. A. Warder, editor. Cincinnati: 1850-1853.
Woodward——Woodward’s Graperies and Horticultural Buildings. By Geo. E. & F. W. Woodward. New York: 1865.
A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V, W, X, Y, Z
(Names of varieties in this index, if accepted names, appear in roman type; if synonyms, in italics.)