[168] Topographia Hiberniæ.
[169] Iter Cambriæ, c. 3.
[170] Philippidos, l. 5.
[171] Wilkinson, i. 356, ed. 1854.
[172] Of the Orkneys, says Hoveden; of Durham, according to Wendover.
[173] Panza, abdomen, alvus; whence Panzeria, lorica quæ ventrem tegit. Adelung. Pansière. Fr.
[174] Cited by Sir Frederic Madden in Archæologia, vol. xxiv. p. 259.
[175] Speculum Regale, p. 405.
[176] Germ. Iupe; Fr. Jupe.
[177] Noregs Konunga Sögor, iv. 298.
[178] Hoveden, sub anno 1175.
[179] Men of Poix, in Picardy.
[180] From ingruens.
[181] foulé.
[182] auprès de lui.
[183] Alexiad., bk. v.
[184] par ruse.
[185] charging impetuously.
[186] Henry of Huntingdon.
[187] Ordericus Vitalis, p. 769.
[188] Gaufridus Malaterra, lib. ii. c. 33.
[189] Wien's kaiserliches Zeughaus.
[190] Mem. de la Soc. Royale des Antiq. de France, iv. 277. Nouv. Série.
[191] Collections in British Museum, Add. MSS., No. 6731.
[192] Archæol. Journ., vol. ii. p. 409.
[193] Waller, Part xiii.
[194] Hollis, Part iv. Plate vii.
[195] Vocis etymon a veteri Germanico quidam accersunt, Wamba, venter; vel a Saxonico Wamb, quod idem sonat: ita ut Wambasium fuit Ventrale, ventris et pectoris tegmen, quod Germanni Wammes vocant.—Adelung sub v. Gambeso.
[196] Plac. Cor., 13 Edw. I.
[197] Ve. Livraison: Bible de St. Martial.
[198] Folio, 73 verso.
[199] Trachten, Part I., Plate xii.
[200] Alexiad, p. 397.
[201] Raumer's Hohenstauf: in Von Leber's Wien's kaiserliches Zeughaus, p. 507.
[202] Add. MSS., 14,789, fol. 10. The date appears in the colophon. The figures copied in our engraving form part of an illuminated letter: hence the constrained attitude of Goliath. David has in his left hand a sling; at his belt is the pouch for the sling-stones.
[204] Paléogr. Univ., Pl. clxxx.
[205] Alex., lib. xiii. p. 314.
[206] Will. of Malmesbury, Mod. Hist., bk. i.
[207] Eccl. Hist., lib. xi.
[208] Monum. Eff., p. 6.
[209] "Cujus genus avitum ob indignationem Normannorum, radere barbam contempsit."—Math. Paris, p. 127.
[210] "Recalcitrante Willelmo, cognomento
cum barbâ."—Math. Paris.
"Cognomento à la barbe."—Math. of
Westminster.
[211] shaft.
[212] briser.
[213] Hoveden, sub an. 1191.
[214] Blount's "Antient Tenures."
[215] Cap. 23.
[216] Sub an. 1348.
[217] Hist., p. 252.
[218] Waller, part ix.
[219] See Guiart, Chron. Mét., pt. ii. v. 10,518, and Froissart, vol. ii. p. 572, ed. Buchon.
[220] Sub an. 1194.
[221] Laws of Henry I., c. 88.
[222] Cap. 30.
[223] Philippidos, lib. ii.
[224] Philippidos, lib. 5.
[225] Arrow of the cross-bow.
[226] Chron., ed. Buchon, i. 237.
[227] Vol. iv. p. 264.
[228] Chron., i. 547.
[229] Malmesbury, lib. i. c. 4.
[230] Ordericus Vitalis, p. 501.
[231] Sub an. 1190.
[232] Henault, i. 179.
[233] Ord. Vitalis, lib. xi.
[234] His retainers; from mansio.
[235] les deux osts.
[236] Engraved in Boutell's Christian Monum., pt. i. p. 100.
[237] Sub anno 1099.
[238] Berfredus, belfredus, beffroi. See Ducange and Adelung.
[239] Compare Froissart, vol. ii. p. 444, ed. Buchon.
[240] Lib. viii. c. 12.
[241] Rigord.
[242] Lib. xii.
[243] Radevicus Frising., lib. ii. c. 59.
[244] Ibid., lib. ii. c. 47.
[245] Boncompagni Obsidio Anconæ, cap. iv. p. 931.
[246] Obsid. Anconæ, c. iv. p. 931.
[247] Lib. iv. c. 15.
[248] Hist. Albig., cap. xlii.
[249] Lib. iv. c. 63.
[250] See Adelung in v. Catus.
[251] De Gestis Frid., lib. ii. c. 17.
[252] Vol. i. p. 102.
[253] The timbers.
[254] Radevicus Frising., lib. ii.
[255] Charta Edw. I. apud Prynne, cited by Ducange.
[256] Concilium Albiense, cap. xv.
[257] Lib. iii. p. 27.
[258] See William of Newbury, lib. v. cap. 4.
[259] Newbury. This is confirmed by Hoveden.
[260] Harl. MS. 69.
[261] Milice fran., i. 124.
[262] All that may be desired on this subject will be found in St. Palaye's Mémoires sur l'ancienne Chevalerie, the treatises of Ménestrier, La Colombière, Honoré de Sainte-Marie, Favin, the Thurnierbuch of Rüxner and Feyerabend, and of Schlichtegroll, Champollion's Tournois du roi René, Maximilian's Triumph, Ducange's notes to Joinville and article in Glossary, Adelung in v. Torneamentum, and Strutt's Sports.
[263] Hasted's Kent.
[265] An instructive series of English sculptured figures has been finely engraved in Stothard's Monumental Effigies, and in the continuation of this work by the brothers Hollis. The continental examples, especially those of Germany, are ably figured in Hefner's Costumes du Moyen-Age. The sculptured effigies preserved in the Church of St. Denis are well described in the Monographie de l'Eglise de St. Denis of the Baron De Guilhermy. The monumental brasses of England have been engraved excellently and in large numbers by Messrs. Waller, and in the subsequent works of the Rev. Mr. Boutell. The knightly statues given in Blore's Monuments, though not numerous, are of the highest order of art, and perfect in their truthfulness.
[266] This manuscript is perhaps a little later than the year 1300, but the armour represented in it is essentially that of the thirteenth century.
[267] Matthew Paris, p. 853. ed. Wats.
[268] Collection des Ordonnances, i. 383.
[269] Abstracts of both are given at a later page of this division.
[270] Vol. iii. p. 403.
[271] Eyton's Antiq. of Shropshire, i. 160, sq.
[272] Blount's Anc. Tenures, and Eyton's Antiq. of Shropshire, i. 180.
[273] Page 248.
[274] Paris, p. 374.
[275] Ibid., p. 467.
[276] Paris, p. 514.
[277] Paris, p. 518, ad an. 1242.
[278] Rot. Claus. 6 John, m. 66.
[279] Rot. Claus. 7 John, m. 18.
[280] Vol. v. c. 42.
[281] Froissart, bk. i. c. 287.
[282] Hist., p. 591.
[283] Vol. i. p. 198.
[284] pike.
[285] Ann. 1214.
[286] Rigord.
[287] Brito, ad ann. 1202.
[288] The abbot of St. Medard.
[289] The Bishop Elect of Beauvais.
[291] Ibid.
[292] chattels.
[293] "Hauber, chapel de feer, espe, cutel e cheval." Stat. of Winchester.
[294] "Haubergeon." Ibid.
[295] "Parpoint, chapel de feer, espe e cutel." Ib.
[296] "Espe, ark, setes e cutel." Ib.
[297] "Fans, gisarmes, e cotaus, e autres menues armes." Ib.
[298] These are the same equipments as before, only calculated by a money qualification instead of a landed property. The Winchester Statute has a similar provision.
[299] Here the Stat. of Winchester has an additional class: "Qui meins ad de chateux de vynt marcs, espees, cuteus e autres menues armes."
[300] "Arcs et setes hors de forestes, e dedenz forestes arcs et piles (var. pilets)." Stat. Win.
[301] "Deus foiz par an." Stat. Win.
[302] Cap. 23.
[303] Blount's Ancient Tenures.
[304] Rot. Pat. 55.
[305] "Culvertage means in plain English the penalty of being a turn-tail. The culprit was liable by law to the forfeiture of all property, and perpetual servitude." Lingard, Hist, of Eng. See also Ducange, v. Culvertagium.
[306] New Rymer, 444. See also Hallam's Middle Ages, vol. i. p. 170. ed. 1855.
[307] M. Paris. Additamenta.
[308] Ibid., p. 1145.
[309] Page 568.
[310] This circular formation, however, was no new invention. We have it in Cæsar: "Quum illi, orbe facto, sese defenderent, celeriter ad clamorem hominum circiter millia VI. convenerunt." Bell. Gall., L. 4.
[312] p. 631.
[313] Hist. sub an. 1256. See also the account of the Tartar warriors. M. Paris, ad ann. 1238, 1241, 1243.
[314] M. Paris, sub an. 1238. p. 399.
[315] Ibid., p. 467.
[316] Ibid., p. 574.
[317] Paris, 651.
[318] Lingard, vol. iii. p. 280.
[319] Kriegsbuch, b. 2. fol. 66.
[320] MS. Chronicle, cited by the Emperor of the French in the Etudes sur l'Artillerie, vol. i. p. 39.
[321] Sismondi, Repub. Ital., iii. 105.
[322] Giov. Villani, L. 7. c. 8.
[323] Trivet, Annales, fol. 282.
[325] Page 687.
[326] Page 537.
[327] Rolandini: De factis in March. Tarvis., L. iv. c. 13.
[328] M. Paris, p. 669.
[329] Page 74.
[330] Brasses and Slabs.
[331] Tho. Archid. in Hist. Salonit., c. 28. Ducange, v. Collarium.
[332] Plac. Coron., 8 Ed. I., Rot. 41.
[333] a. 1296.
[334] Archæologia, vol. xvii. pp. 302, 304 and 305.
[335] Copied from the figure by Blore and Le Keux in Surtees' Durham, iij. 155.
[336] Add. MS. 6728. Kerrich Collections.
[337] Archæologia, vol. xvii. p. 302, seq.