622 Ibid., p. 478.

623 United States Statutes at Large, Vol. IX, p. 871.

624 United States Statutes at Large, Vol. IX, p. 446.

625 United States Statutes at Large, Vol. X, p. 283.

626 Indian Office records.

627 December 6, 1867.

628 July 31, 1868.

629 Letter of Cherokee delegation to Commissioner of Indian Affairs, April 23, 1868.

630 Treaty of November 7, 1825, in United States Statutes at Large, Vol. VII, p. 284.

631 Treaty of May 10, 1854, in United States Statutes at Large, Vol. X, p. 1053.

632 United States Statutes at Large, Vol. XVI, p. 53.

633 August 14, 1871.

634 United States Statutes at Large, Vol. XIV, p. 687.

635 April 10, 1868.

636 May 27, 1868.

637 United States Statutes at Large, Vol. XVI, p. 362.

638 Letter of Cherokee delegation to Commissioner of Indian Affairs, February 15, 1871.

639 May 27, 1871.

640 Letter of Cherokee delegation to Commissioner of Indian Affairs, June 10, 1871.

641 United States Statutes at Large, Vol. XVII, p. 228.

642 April 8, 1872.

643 See surveyors' plats on file in Indian Office.

644 See report of Commissioner of Indian Affairs to Secretary of the Interior, March 6, 1875.

645 United States Statutes at Large, Vol. XIX, p. 28.

646 United States Statutes at Large, Vol. XVII, p. 190.

647 United States Statutes at Large, Vol. XIV, p. 717.

648 Treaty of October 21, 1867, United States Statutes at Large, Vol. XV, p. 581.

649 United States Statutes at Large, Vol. XV, p. 593.

650 August 10, 1869.

651 United States Statutes at Large, Vol. XVII, p. 190.

652 October 24, 1872.

653 November 18, 1873.

654 United States Statutes at Large, Vol. XIX, p. 120.

655 January 30, 1877.

656 September 8, 1877.

657 Letter of the Secretary of the Interior to the President, June 21, 1879.

658 June 23, 1879.

659 United States Statutes at Large, Vol. XIX, p. 187.

660 January 27, 1877.

661 Report of Commissioner of Indian Affairs for 1877, pp. 21—23.

662 Report of Commissioner of Indian Affairs for 1878, p. xxxvi.

663 United States Statutes at Large, Vol. XXI, p. 380.

664 Act of May 27, 1878, United States Statutes at Large, Vol. XX, p. 63.

665 Report of Commissioner of Indian Affairs for 1879, p. xl.

666 Report of Commissioner of Indian Affairs for 1881, p. lxiii. The removal was accomplished between October 5 and October 23.

667 Deeds were executed June 14, 1883, by the Cherokee Nation to the United States in trust for each of the tribes located upon Cherokee country west of 96°, such deeds being in each case for the quantity of land comprised within the tracts respectively selected by or for them for their future use and occupation. See Report of Commissioner of Indian Affairs, for 1883, p. lii.

668 February 27, 1871.

669 April 14, 1871.

670 May 4, 1871.

671 The survey was approved by the commissioners December 11, 1871.

672 Acts of July 25, 26, and 27, 1866.

673 May 13, 1870.

674 May 21, 1870.

675 May 23, 1870.

676 June 13, 1870.

677 The persons affected by this action were comprised within four classes, viz:

1. White persons who had married into the tribe.

2. Persons with an admixture of Indian blood, through either father or mother.

3. Adopted persons.

4. Persons of African descent who claimed rights under the treaty of 1866.

678 February 15, 1876.

679 October ——, 1876.

680 April 4, 1879.

681 December 12, 1879.

682 A bill to this effect was introduced into the Senate by Senator Ingalls, of Kansas, June 3, 1879, and reported from the Committee on Indian Affairs, with amendments, June 4, 1880, by Senator Williams, of Kentucky.

683 December 6, 1879.

684 October 16, 1880.

685 November 23, 1880.

686 January 26, 1882.

687 May 9, 1883.

688 William Bartram, who traveled through their country in 1776, says (Travels in North America, p. 483): "The Cherokees in their dispositions and manners are grave and steady, dignified and circumspect in their deportment; rather slow and reserved in conversation, yet frank, cheerful, and humane; tenacious of the liberties and natural rights of man; secret, deliberate, and determined in their councils; honest, just, and liberal, and always ready to sacrifice every pleasure and gratification, even their blood and life itself, to defend their territory and maintain their rights."

689 Hon. J. C. Calhoun, Secretary of War, under date of March 29, 1824, in a communication addressed to the President to be laid before the United States Senate, alludes to the provision contained in the treaty of 1791 and says: "In conformity to the provisions of this article the various utensils of husbandry have been abundantly and constantly distributed to the Cherokee Nation, which has resulted in creating a taste for farming and the comforts of civilized life."

690 May 30, 1820.

691 Letter of Hon. J. C. Calhoun Secretary of War, March 29, 1824. In this letter Mr. Calhoun says: "Certain benevolent societies in the year 1816 applied for permission to make establishments among the Cherokees and other southern tribes, for the purpose of educating and instructing them in the arts of civilized life. Their application was favorably received. The experiment proved so favorable, that Congress, by act of March 3, 1819, appropriated $10,000 annually as a civilization fund, which has been applied in such a manner as very considerably to increase the extent and usefulness of the efforts of benevolent individuals and to advance the work of Indian civilization."

692 The eight districts into which the nation was at this time divided were, Chickamauga, Chatooga, Coosawatee, Amohee, Hickory Log, Etowah, Taquoe, and Aquohee.

693 The census of the nation east of the Mississippi, taken in 1835, exhibited the following facts:

694 In addition there was ceded by this treaty for the location of other Indian tribes all the Cherokee domain in Indian Territory lying west of 96°, containing by actual survey 8,144,772.35 acres or 12,726 square miles.

695 And a fractional square mile comprising 374 acres.