Vipera, 221

Vipera ammodytes, 249

Vipera aspis, 239

Vipera berus, 230

Vipera latastii, 247

Vipera lebetina, 257

Vipera macrops, 224

Vipera prester, 235

Vipera renardi, 227

Vipera ursinii, 221

Viperidæ, 5, 220

Viperinæ, 5, 220

Viperine Water-Snake, 165

viperinus (Tropidonotus), 165

viridiflavus (Coluber), 170

Viscera, 77

vivax (Ailurophis), 217

vosseleri (Tropidonotus tessellatus, var.), 162

vulgaris (Natrix), 152

Warning coloration, 35, 36

Water-Snakes, 92, 94, 160

Whip-Snake, 170

Worms, 110

Xenopeltidæ, 5

Zamenis, 170

Zamenis carbonarius, 172

Zamenis dahlii, 177

Zamenis gemonensis, 170

Zamenis hippocrepis, 179

Zamenis sardus, 172

Zoogeographical Regions, 119

PRINTED BY
BILLING AND SONS, LTD.,
GUILDFORD

For a key to the identification of the species, see above, p. 22.

The only specimen with twenty-one rows I have examined is a male from Albano, near Rome (Genoa Museum).