[35] See an account of their martyrdom in Pagés, Hist. de la Religion Chrétienne an Japon, pp. 498, sqq.
[36] I.e., Andrea Dittis. This word is also written in other letters “Nokada” and “Nakauda”; and appears to be the Japanese word Nakōdo, a go-between or agent.
[37] India Office. MS.T.(b.), vol. i. Supplement to China Materials, p. 428. The abstract is referred to “Books received from India, no. 10-29.”
[38] See the Calendar of Colonial State Papers, 1622-1624, no. 415.
[39] I would also draw attention to a curious expression (ii. 293): “Comend me to all our frendes, both hees and howes”. Can this form of she be a survival of Anglo-Saxon heo?
[40] Probably The Mahumetane or Turkish Historie, by Ralph Carr, 1600.
[41] St. Augustine, of the Citie of God. With the learned comments of Jo. Lod. Vives. Englished by J. H. 1610.
[42] India Office. Court Minute Books, vol. ix, f. 203.
[43] India Office. Original Correspondence, vol. xxviii, no. 3041.
[44] Particulars relating to the different proposals and attempts to re-open trade with Japan are collected in the MS. Supplement to China Materials, already referred to.
[45] Purchas, i. 373.
[46] Ibid., i. 406.
[47] Cocks usually reckons in the Japanese currency of taels, mace, and candareens, or as he terms them taies, mas, and condrins. The tael is worth 10 mace, or 100 candareens; and is of the value of about six shillings, according to present computation. Cock puts it at five shillings.
[48] The real of eight, or Spanish dollar of exchange.
[49] The China captain and his brother Whow or Whaw are constantly met with. I have found it more convenient to give in the Preface what account I have been able to gather of the different persons mentioned in the course of the Diary.
[50] Nagasaki.
[51] The Loo-choo or Riukiu group of islands, S.W. of Japan.
[52] Dono, a title of respect.
[53] Ogosho Samme is Iyéyasu, the founder of the Tokugawa dynasty of Shoguns, which lasted down to the revolution of 1868. Samme, as Cock writes it, is Sama, a title of respect appended to the name. Fidaia Samme is Hideyori, son of the famous Hideyoshi, the great warrior, better known as Taiko Sama. Hideyoshi, although holding supreme power, never received the title of Shogun. On his death he named his son Hideyori, then a child of six years, his successor, appointing at the same time a council of regency, in which Iyéyasu held the chief place. Iyéyasu’s increasing power and popularity naturally roused the jealousy of others, the result being a struggle between an eastern army under Iyéyasu, and a western army led by his rivals and supporters of Hideyori. His great victory at Sekigahara, in 1600, confirmed the power of Iyéyasu for many years. In 1603, he was created Shogun by the Mikado. But Hideyori was not yet disposed of. He rose against Iyéyasu in 1614, but was besieged in Osaka; and a truce was patched up. But almost immediately Hideyori was again in arms with a following of 120,000 men, and intrenched himself at Osaka. The place was stormed, Hideyori’s troops were utterly defeated, and he and his mother perished. Rumours of his escape lived for a long time among the people, and are frequently noticed in the course of this Diary. Klaproth, Annales des Empereurs du Japon (London, 1734), p. 410, gives the following account: “Quelques officiers de l’armée de Fide yori mirent le feu au château d’Osaka, pour se concilier les bonnes grâces de Ye yasou, mais ils furent arrêtés dans leur fuite par les gens de Fide yori et mis à mort. Comme il n’était pas possible d’éteindre l’incendie, Fide yori se sauva dans le Fiougo, où il s’embarqua pour le Satsouma sur les bâtimens de cette province, qu’on y avait tenus à sa disposition en cas de besoin. On prétendit qu’il avait péri dans l’incendie de ce château, mais ce n’était qu’un bruit répandu pour favoriser sa fuite.”
[54] Karatsu, on the N.W. coast of the neighbouring island of Kiushiu.
[55] ? Allowaies=aloes, a cotton material.
[56] Satsuma, the province in the S.W. of the island of Kiushiu.
[57] Shimonoseki strait.
[58] Square posts. Kaku = square. More properly kaku-bashira = a square post.
[59] Nanking.
[60] Corge, an Indian measure of 20 pieces.
[61] The materials here mentioned appear to be Indian cotton goods.
[62] The Daimio of Satsuma had lately, in 1609, subdued the Loo-choo Islands.
[63] Fukuoka, in the north of Kiushiu.
[64] Shongo Samme is Cocks’ way of rendering Shogun. Iyéyasu held the Shogunate only two years, and in 1605 transferred that title to his son Hidetada, though still retaining much power. Hideyori (Fidaia Sama) had married Hidetada’s daughter, who, when Osaka was on the point of being captured, was sent out of that fortress to her father.
[65] Two Jesuit priests were present in Osaka.
[66] “The managoga contains 10,000 ickmagogs; the ickmagog, 1,000 icgogas; the latter, 100 gantas, or 300 cocas.”—Kelly, Universal Cambist.
[67] Bugiyo, a superintendent.
[68] 16 taels make a catti; 100 cattis, a picul. A picul weighs about 130 lbs. avoirdupois.
[69] The head of the Dutch factory.
[70] Plate once melted.
[71] Interpreter.
[72] Katabira, a thin summer garment.
[73] Petty kings, or daimios.
[74] Katana, a sword.
[75] Dishes fitting into each other.
[76] Wakizashi, a short sword. Saris compares it to a “Welsh hook”.
[77] In Omura, in Kiushiu.
[78] Danko, consultation.
[79] Higo, the western province of Kiushiu.
[80] Ruptured.
[81] In the south of the province of Hizen.
[82] Suruga.
[83] Omura, near Nagasaki, in Hizen.
[84] ? Awomori sake, a strong spirit, used chiefly in the southern provinces.
[85] Span. bonito, tunny.
[86] I.e., after the fashion of Japan. Katachi, figure, form.
[87] Small junks.
[88] Dollars.
[89] Koromo, a robe.
[90] Span. recado, a present.
[91] Copesmate, a partner, fellow-buyer.
[92] Decemviri, meaning, no doubt, his followers.
[93] It does not appear who was this John Devin, whose “entertainment” was so proverbial.
[94] In April 1614.
[95] Henry Frederic, born 2nd January 1614.
[96] Margaret, daughter of Charles Emmanuel, Duke of Savoy, had married Francis III, Duke of Mantua. She was now a widow, but did not marry the King of Spain.
[97] Probably a slip for “Manillia”.
[98] Sing wine.
[99] Furo, literally a bath. Here used apparently for a dwelling house.
[100] The Dairi, or Mikado.
[101] “The highest subject generally received at the Emperor’s hands the title of Kwanbakku (lit., the white boundary line), first given A.D. 880.”—Dickson’s Japan, p. 71.
[102] A tattamy = about 6¼ feet.
[103] Temples.
[104] Span. trampa, trap.
[105] Bars. Hence the term gad-steel.
[106] Slippers. Fr. pantoufles.
[107] Perhaps a slip of the pen for “fixed across”.
[108] Chowtars, a kind of calico.
[109] Allegeas or allegias, an Indian stuff, made from cotton or grass.
[110] Naginata, a large-headed lance, or halberd.
[111] A slurbow, a kind of crossbow.
[112] Portug., capitão mór, captain-in-chief.
[113] Borel, coarse woollen cloth.
[114] Biyō-bu, a screen.
[115] ? Maki, a roll.
[116] Rudder.
[117] The neighbouring island of Iki or Ikshiu.
[118] Formosa.
[119] Span. recado, message.
[120] The wheels of pulleys.
[121] To would, to bind ropes about a mast to strengthen it.—Admiral Smith’s Seaman’s Grammar, 1692.
[122] Touse, or toze: to unravel.
[123] Fune, a boat.
[124] Tabi, stockings or socks.
[125] Tatami, a mat; used also for a measure of about 6 × 3 ft.
[126] Mochi, a cake.
[127] ? Cringe, in the sense of to constrain; and so to stickle, or haggle.
[128] Watchet, pale blue.
[129] I.e., duplicate copies.
[130] Span. andar en dares y tomares, to quarrel.
[131] Span. patache, a tender, or small vessel.
[132] Bōdsu, a bonze, or Buddhist priest.
[133] Boards.
[134] In the margin is a note—“A letter to Mr. Eaton”. Cocks has here retained the words of his letter.
[135] Dire = tera, in composition dera, a temple. Yamabushi, an order of travelling priests.
[136] Sipres, or cipress: a kind of gauze or crape.
[137] Span. recado, message.
[138] Fukae, on the north coast of Kiushiu.
[139] Hindustani, pickles.
[140] Cha, tea.
[141] Cummerbands.
[142] The metal piece protecting the end of the scabbard.
[143] Perhaps implements and fittings for hawking.
[144] A bezoar, formerly thought an antidote.
[145] Raspberries.
[146] Yuthia.
[147] I.e., rich.
[148] Nagoya.
[149] Shimonoseki.
[150] Kaminoseki.
[151] “Caminogari,” in Kæmpfer’s map.
[152] “Utaymado,” in Kæmpfer’s map.
[153] Fushimi.
[154] Hirakata.
[155] Otsu.
[156] Kusatsu.
[157] Minakuchi.
[158] Tsuchiyama.
[159] Kameyama.
[160] Shirako.
[161] Miya.
[162] Okazaki.
[163] Yoshida.
[164] Arai.
[165] Hamamatsu.
[166] Mitske.
[167] An income of ten thousand koku of rice. A koku==5·13 bushels.
[168] Kakegawa.
[169] Norimono, sedan-chair.
[170] Missaka.
[171] Fujieta.
[172] Suruga.
[173] Kambara.
[174] Hara.
[175] Mishima.
[176] Hakone.
[177] Odawara.
[178] Oiso.
[179] Fujisawa.
[180] Totska.
[181] ? Ubai, plums.
[182] The Koban was intrinsically worth £1 : 3 : 1; the Ichibu, 1s. 5¼d. But the proportionate value of gold to silver in Japan was as four to one, instead of the common valuation of fifteen to one.
[183] ? Tyamong, in Sumatra.
[184] Misaki, at the extreme south of the peninsula on the west of the entrance into Yedo Bay.
[185] Kawasaki.
[186] Blank in MS.
[187] ? Span., tuerto, blind of one eye.
[188] Samisen, a guitar of three strings.
[189] A marginal note in contradiction of some of the details is as follows: “This man did not kill his sonne, nether will the Empror let him nor the other have the land, for that the sonne of so unworthie a father is not fit to inherit, as he saieth.”
[190] Kanagawa.
[191] Kamakura.
[192] Blank in MS. He refers to Yoritomo.
[193] Side note.—“The littell doughter of Fidaia Samma is shorne non in this monestary, only to save her life, for it is a sanctuary and no justis may take her out.”
[194] The great copper figure of Buddha or Daiboods.
[195] Fujisawa.
[196] Oiso.