1. The Golden Eagle (Aquila fulva). Rare, Upper and Lower Egypt.

2. The Imperial Eagle (Aquila imperialis). Lower Egypt.

3. White-tailed Eagle (Haliaetus albicilla). Lower Egypt.

4. Tawny Eagle (Aquila naevoides). Rare, Upper and Lower Egypt.

5. Spotted Eagle (Aquila naevia). Not very uncommon in both.

6. Bonelli’s Eagle (Aquila bonelli). Very rare.

7. Booted Eagle (Aquila tennata). A summer visitor.

8. Short-toed Eagle (Circaetus gallicus). Rare.

9. Osprey (Pandion haliaetus). Fairly common in Nile Valley.

10. Southern Bearded Vulture (Gypaetus nudipes). Said to breed in Mokattam mountains.

11. Black Vulture (Vultur monachus). Fairly common in Nile Valley.

12. Sociable Vulture (Vultur auricularis). Fairly common.

13. Griffon Vulture (Gyps fulvus). Common.

14. Egyptian Vulture (Neophron percnopterus). Common.

15. Marsh-Harrier (Circus aeruginosus). Not uncommon in Lower Egypt.

16. Hen Harrier (Circus cyaneus). Rare.

17. Pale-chested Harrier (Circus pallidus). Not uncommon throughout country.

18. Montagu’s Harrier (Circus cineraceus). Rare.

19. Little Red-billed Hawk (Accipiter gabar). Very rare.

20. Peregrine Falcon (Falco peregrinus). Not uncommon through country.

21. Barbary Falcon (Falco barbarus). Rare.

22. Lanner Falcon (Falco lanarius). Rare.

23. Red-naped Falcon (Falco Babylonicus). Rare.

24. Saker Falcon (Falco saker). Rare.

25. Merlin (Falco aesalon). Common throughout.

26. Hobby (Falco subbuteo). Fairly common.

27. Sooty Falcon (Falco eleonorae). Rare.

28. Red-legged Falcon (Falco vespertinus). Fairly common in Lower Egypt.

29. Kestrel (Falco tinnunculus). Very abundant everywhere.

30. Lesser Kestrel (Falco cenchris). Fairly abundant.

31. Common Kite (Milvus regalis). Very rare.

32. Parasitic Kite (Milvus aegyptius). Very abundant throughout Egypt.

33. Black Kite (Milvus migrans). Rare.

34. Black-shouldered Hawk (Elanus coeruleus). Fairly common south of Thebes.

35. Honey Buzzard (Pernis apivorus). Exceedingly rare.

36. Common Buzzard (Buteo vulgaris). Not common.

37. African Buzzard (Buteo desertorum). Exceedingly rare.

38. Long-legged Buzzard (Buteo ferox). Fairly common.

39. Barn Owl (Aluco flammea). Common.

40. Tawny Owl (Strix aluco). Not common.

41. Tengmalm’s Owl (Nyctala tengmalmi). Very rare.

42. Little Owl (Athene noctua). Exceedingly abundant.

43. Scops Owl (Scops giu). Rare north of Cairo.

44. Long-eared Owl (Asio otus). Very rare.

45. Short-eared Owl (Asio accipitrinus). Rare.

46. Eagle Owl (Bubo ignavus). Very rare.

47. Egyptian Eagle Owl (Bubo ascalaphus). Fairly common in Upper Egypt.

48. Cuckoo (Cuculus canorus). A regular visitor in August and returning again in March.

49. Great-spotted Cuckoo (Coccystes glandarius). Not uncommon.

50. Lark-heeled Cuckoo (Centropus aegyptius). Not uncommon in Fayûm.

51. Wryneck (Yunx torquilla). Common on migration.

52. Hoopoe (Upupa epops). Abundant everywhere.

53. Common Kingfisher (Alcedo ispida). Abundant in Delta and common in many parts.

54. Little Indian Kingfisher (Alcedo bengalensis). Rare.

55. Black and White Kingfisher (Ceryle rudis). Very common.

56. Blue Roller (Coracias garrula). Not common.

57. Common Bee-eater (Merops apiaster). Common only in April and August.

58. Blue-checked Bee-eater (Merops aegyptius). Very common in April and again in autumn.

59. Little Green Bee-eater (Merops viridis). Very common in Upper Egypt.

60. Alpine Swift (Cypselus melba). Rare.

61. Common Swift (Cypselus apus). Not uncommon.

62. Egyptian Swift (Cypselus pallidus). Very common.

63. Nightjar (Caprimulgus europaeus). Common in spring and autumn months.

64. Egyptian Nightjar (Caprimulgus aegyptius). Not uncommon in spring and autumn.

65. Swallow (Hirundo rustica). Common in spring and autumn only.

66. Egyptian Swallow (Hirundo savignii). A very common resident.

67. House Martin (Chelidon urbica). Seen in small numbers in spring and autumn.

68. Shelley’s Sand-Martin (Cotile riparia shelleyii). Summer visitor.

69. Sand-Martin (Cotile riparia). Abundant in Nile Valley.

70. Lesser Sand-Martin (Cotile minor). Common.

71. Rufous Swallow (Hirundo rufula). Rare.

72. Crag Swallow (Cotile rupestris). Rare.

73. Pale Crag Swallow (Cotile obsoleta). Common in parts.

74. White Wagtail (Motacilla alba). Exceedingly common.

75. White-winged Wagtail (Motacilla vidua). Common at Assoan.

76. Grey Wagtail (Motacilla boarula). Not uncommon.

77. Blue-headed Wagtail (Motacilla flava). Not uncommon.

78. Tree-Pipit (Anthus trivialis). Occasionally seen in September and April.

79. Meadow Pipit (Anthus pratensis). Rare.

80. Red-throated Pipit (Anthus cervinus). Abundant everywhere.

81. Water Pipit (Anthus spinoletus). Rare.

82. Richard’s Pipit (Anthus Richardi). Rare.

83. African Tawny Pipit (Anthus raalterri). Rare.

84. Tawny Pipit (Anthus campestris). Common.

85. Bifasciated Lark (Certhilauda desertorum). Rare.

86. Desert Lark (Ammomanes lusitana). Not uncommon in Upper Egypt.

87. Tristram’s Desert Lark (Ammomanes fraterculus). Not uncommon in Upper Egypt.

88. Sandy-coloured Desert Lark (Ammomanes arenicolor). Rare.

89. Crested Lark (Galerita cristata). Nearly the commonest bird.

90. Wood Lark (Alauda arborea). Exceedingly rare.

91. Sky Lark (Alauda arvensis). Occurs regularly in Lower Egypt.

92. Short-toed Lark (Calandrella brachydactyla). Abundant.

93. Algerian Short-toed Lark (Calandrella reboudia). Rare.

94. Lesser Lark (Calandrella minor). Rare.

95. Calandra Lark (Melanocorypha calandra). Rare.

96. Thick-billed Calandra (Rhamphocoris clot-bey). Very rare.

97. Missel Thrush (Turdus viscivorus). Of very rare occurrence.

98. Fieldfare (Turdus pilaris). A visitant to Lower Egypt.

99. Song Thrush (Turdus musicus). Not uncommon.

100. Blackbird (Turdus merula). Not uncommon.

101. Ring-Ouzel (Turdus torquatus). Rare.

102. White-vented Bulbul (Pycnonotus arsinoë). Common, Fayûm.

103. Yellow-vented Bulbul (Pycnonotus xanthopygius). Rare.

104. Egyptian Bush-Babbler (Crateropus acaciae). Only rare visitor to Upper Egypt.

105. Rock-Thrush (Monticola saxatilis). Common, Upper Egypt.

106. Blue-rock Thrush (Monticola cyanea). Fairly common resident in Upper Egypt.

107. Common Wheatear (Saxicola oenanthe). Very common.

108. Ménétries’s Wheatear (Saxicola saltatrix). Common resident.

109. Eastern Black-eared Wheatear (Saxicola amphileuca). Fairly common in March and September.

110. Egyptian Black-throated Wheatear (Saxicola eurymelana). Common.

111. Black-throated Wheatear (Saxicola xanthomeloena). Common migrant.

112. Desert Chat (Saxicola deserti). Common on the desert.

113. White-throated Desert Chat (Saxicola homochroa). Not common.

114. Rosy-vented Chat (Saxicola moesta). Rare.

115. Mourning Chat (Saxicola lugens). Common on the desert throughout.

116. Pied Chat (Saxicola leucomela). Exceedingly rare.

117. Hooded Chat (Saxicola monacha). Not uncommon on the desert.

118. White-rumped Chat (Saxicola leucopygia). Common in deserts of Upper Egypt.

119. Abyssinian Chat (Saxicola syenitica). Exceedingly rare.

120. Whin Chat (Pratincola rubetra). Not uncommon.

121. Stone Chat (Pratincola rubicola). Common in Lower Egypt.

122. Hemprich’s Stonechat (Pratincola hemprichii). Rare.

123. Redstart (Ruticilla phoenicura). Common in September and April.

124. Black Redstart (Ruticilla titys). Rare.

125. Palestine Redstart (Ruticilla semirufa). Rare.

126. Blue-throated Warbler (Cyanecula suecica). Very common.

127. Robin (Erithacus rubecula). Common in Lower Egypt in winter.

128. Hedge Sparrow (Accentor modularis). Rare.

129. Nightingale (Philomela luscinia). Not uncommon.

130. Thrush Nightingale (Philomela major). Very rare.

131. Cetti’s Warbler (Bradypterus cettii). Very rare.

132. Rufous Warbler (Aëdon galactodes). Common in summer, breeds in Egypt.

133. Savi’s Warbler (Locustella luscinioides). Fairly common.

134. River Warbler (Locustella fluviatalis). Very rare.

135. Sedge Warbler (Acrocephalus streperus). Common.

136. Aquatic Warbler (Calamodyta aquatica). Fairly common.

137. Moustached Warbler (Calamodyta). Common in Delta.

138. Reed Warbler (Acrocephalus arundinacea). Common in Delta.

139. Marsh Warbler (Acrocephalus palustris). Rare in Lower Egypt.

140. Clamorous Sedge Warbler (Acrocephalus stentorius). Common in Delta.

141. Great Sedge Warbler (Acrocephalus turdoides). Rare.

142. Arabian Sedge Warbler (Acrocephalus arabicus). Rare.

143. Fan-tailed Warbler (Cisticola schoenicola). Abundant everywhere.

144. Graceful Warbler (Drymoeca gracilis). Common.

145. Olive-tree Warbler (Hypolais olivetorum). Rare.

146. Olivaceous Warbler (Hypolais elaeica). Common, breeds.

147. Wood Warbler (Phylloscopus sybillator). Rather rare.

148. Bonelli’s Warbler (Phyllopneuste Bonelli). Common in Upper Egypt.

149. Chiffchaff Warbler (Phylloscopus minor). Common.

150. Willow Warbler (Phylloscopus trochilus). Common.

151. Melodious Willow Warbler (Hypolais hypolais). Rare.

152. Vieillot’s Willow Warbler (Phyllopneuste eversmanni). Rare.

153. Garden Warbler (Sylvia hortensis). Not uncommon.

154. Orphean Warbler (Sylvia orpheus). Rare.

155. Black-cap Warbler (Sylvia atricapilla). Rare.

156. Ruppell’s Warbler (Curruca rueppellii). Fairly common.

157. Black-headed Warbler (Sylvia momus). Common.

158. Sardinian Warbler (Melizophilus sardus). Rare.

159. Dartford Warbler (Melizophilus undatus). Rare.

160. Subalpine Warbler (Sylvia subalpina). Rare.

161. Spectacled Warbler (Sylvia conspicillata). Rare.

162. Lesser Whitethroat (Sylvia curruca). Common.

163. Whitethroat (Sylvia cinerea). Not uncommon.

164. Yellow-breasted Sun-Bird (Nectarinia metallica). Occurs only near Assoan.

165. Wall Creeper (Tichodroma murari). Very rare.

166. Great Grey Shrike (Lanius excubitor). Very rare.

167. Pallid Shrike (Lanius lahtora). Not uncommon.

168. Lesser Grey Shrike (Lanius minor). Rare.

169. Masked Shrike (Lanius nubicus). Common in February and March and in autumn.

170. Woodchat Shrike (Lanius auriculatus). Fairly common in March.

171. Red-backed Shrike (Lanius collurio). Not common.

172. Spotted Flycatcher (Muscicapa grisola). Rare.

173. Pied Flycatcher (Muscicapa atricapilla). Rare.

174. White-collared Flycatcher (Muscicapa collaris). Rare.

175. Red-breasted Flycatcher (Muscicapa parva).

176. Common Bunting (Emberiza milaria). Common in Lower Egypt.

177. Ortolan Bunting (Emberiza hortulana). Rare.

178. Cretzschmar’s Bunting (Emberiza caesia). Common in Delta.

179. Smaller Reed Bunting (Emberiza intermedia). Rare.

180. Common Sparrow (Passer domesticus). Common everywhere.

181. Italian Sparrow (Passer Italiae). Rare.

182. Spanish Sparrow (Passer salicicola). Common.

183. Tree Sparrow (Passer montanus). Rare.

184. The Hawfinch (Coccothraustes vulgaris). Rare.

185. Chaffinch (Fringilla coelebs). Rare, Lower Egypt.

186. Goldfinch (Carduelis elegans). Common in Delta.

187. Black-billed Finch (Estrelda melanorhynoba). Very rare.

188. Lesser Redpole (Aegiothus rufescens). Very rare.

189. Siskin (Carduelis spinus). Very rare.

190. Serin (Serinus hortulanus). Rare.

191. Linnet (Linota cannabina). Common in Lower Egypt.

192. Desert Bullfinch (Erythrospiza githaginea). Common on deserts of Upper Egypt.

193. Golden Oriole (Oriolus galbula). Common only in April.

194. Starling (Sturnus vulgaris). Fairly common throughout.

195. Purple Starling (Sturnus unicolor). Exceedingly rare.

196. Rose-coloured Pastor (Pastor roseus). Rare.

197. Brown-necked Raven (Corvus umbrinus). Common in the deserts.

198. Abyssinian Raven (Corvus affinis). Not common in towns.

199. Crow (Hooded) (Corvus cornix). Exceedingly common in towns.

200. Rook (Corvus fruglegus). Common in Delta.

201. Jackdaw (Corvus monedula). Not common anywhere.

202. Magpie (Pica caudata). Rare.

203. Chough (Pyrrhocorax alpinus). Exceedingly rare.

204. Rock Dove (Columba livia). Very common.

205. Schimper’s Pigeon (Columba schimperi). Common.

206. Stock Dove (Columba oenas). Very rare.

207. Turtledove (Turtur auritus). Very common.

208. Sharpe’s Turtledove (Turtur sharpii). Common.

209. Isabelline Turtledove (Turtur isabelinus). Rare.

210. White-bellied Turtledove (Turtur albiventris). Rare.

211. Egyptian Turtledove (Turtur senegalensis). Very common everywhere.

212. Singed Sand-Grouse (Pterocles exustus). Common in deserts only.

213. Senegal Sand-Grouse (Pterocles senegallus). Not common.

214. Coroneted Sand-Grouse (Pterocles coronatus). Rare.

215. Francolin (Francolinus vulgaris). Very rare.

216. Hey’s Sand-Partridge (Ammoperdix heyi). Only met on deserts.

217. Cholmley’s Sand-Partridge (Ammoperdix cholmleyi). Only met with on the desert.

218. Quail (Coturnix communis). Very common in March and November.

219. Andalusian Hemipode (Turnix sylvatica). Very rare.

220. Houbara Bustard (Otis houbara). Met only on desert west of Nile.

221. Little Bustard (Otis tetrax). Rare.

222. Arabian Bustard (Eupodotis arabs). Rare.

223. Collared Pratincole (Glareola pratincola). Common in April and October.

224. Black-winged Pratincole (Glareola nordmanni). Rare.

225. Cream-coloured Courser (Cursorius gallicus). Common on deserts.

226. Thick-knee (Oedicnemus crepitans). Very common.

227. Lapwing (Vanellus cristatus). Very common.

228. Spur-winged Plover (Hoplopterus spinosus). Common.

229. Social Plover (Chettusia gregaria). Rare.

230. White-tailed Plover (Chettusia villotaei). Not common.

231. Black-headed Plover (Pluvianus aegyptius). Not common, Upper Egypt.

232. Golden Plover (Charadrius pluvialis). Not common.

233. Grey Plover (Squatarola helvetica). Rare.

234. Dotterel (Eudromias morinellus). Very rare.

235. Asiatic Dotterel (Eudromias asiaticus). Very rare.

236. Large Sand-Plover (Aegialitis geoffroyi). Met with only on sea-coast.

237. Mongolian Sand-Plover (Aegialitis mongolicus). Very rare.

238. African Sand-Plover (Aegialitis pecuarius). Not common.

239. Kentish Plover (Aegialitis cantianus). Very common everywhere.

240. Greater Ringed Plover (Aegialitis hiaticula). Rare.

241. Middle Ringed Plover (Aegialitis intermedius). Common in Delta.

242. Little Ringed Plover (Aegialitis minor). Very common everywhere.

243. Oyster-Catcher (Haematopus ostralegus). Common on sea-coast.

244. Curlew (Numenius arquata). Common in Delta.

245. Whimbrel (Numenius phaeopus). Met with sparingly in Nile Valley.

246. Slender-billed Curlew (Numenius tenuirostris). Rare.

247. Black-tailed Godwit (Limosa aegocephala). Not uncommon.

248. Ruff (Machetes pugnax). Common throughout Egypt.

249. Woodcock (Scolopax rusticola). Now more frequently recorded than formerly.

250. Solitary Snipe (Gallinago major). Rare.

251. Common Snipe (Gallinago media). Common everywhere.

252. Jack Snipe (Gallinago gallinula). Common.

253. Painted Snipe (Rhynchaea capensis). Fairly common throughout.

254. Little Stint (Tringa minuta). Very abundant.

255. Temminck’s Stint (Tringa temminckii). Rather rare.

256. Sanderling (Tringa arenaria). Not common.

257. Dunlin (Tringa alpinus). Not common, and only on coast.

258. Knot (Tringa canutus). Not common.

259. Curlew Sandpiper (Tringa subarquata). Not common.

260. Redshank (Totanus calidris). Common in Delta, rare elsewhere.

261. Dusky Redshank (Totanus fuscus). Rare.

262. Greenshank (Totanus canescens). Common.

263. Marsh Sandpiper (Totanus stagnatalis). Not common.

264. Green Sandpiper (Totanus ochropus). Very common everywhere.

265. Wood Sandpiper (Totanus glareola). Common in Lower Egypt.

266. Common Sandpiper (Actitis hypoleucos). Common.

267. Black-winged Stilt (Himantopus candidus). Not uncommon.

268. Avocet (Recurvirostra avocetta). Common only in Delta.

269. Sacred Ibis (Ibis aethiopica). Very rare indeed.

270. Glossy Ibis (Ibis falcinellus). Rare.

271. African Wood Ibis (Tantalus ibis). Rare.

272. Common Crane (Grus communis). Not uncommon in October and March.

273. Demoiselle Crane (Grus virgo). Not common.

274. Spoonbill (Platalea leucorodia). Common in all parts.

275. White Stork (Ciconia alba). Common during migration months, October and March.

276. Black Stork (Ciconia nigra). Not common.

277. Shoebill or Whale-headed Stork (Balaeniceps rex).

278. Common Heron (Ardea cinerea). Very common.

279. Purple Heron (Ardea purpurea). Only common in Lower Egypt.

280. Great White Heron (Herodias alba). Only common in Delta.

281. Little Egret (Herodias garzetta). Not common.

282. Buff-backed Heron (Ardeola russata). Commonest in Delta.

283. Squacco Heron (Ardeola comata). Rare.

284. Night Heron (Nycticorax griseus). Fairly common everywhere.

285. Bittern (Botaurus stellaris). Not uncommon in Lower Egypt.

286. Little Bittern (Botaurus minutus). Common.

287. Flamingo (Phoenicopterus antiquorum). Common in Delta.

288. Water Rail (Rallus aquaticus). Common in Lower Egypt.

289. Land Rail (Ortygometra crex). Not common.

290. Spotted Crake (Porzana maruetta). Common.

291. Baillon’s Crake (Porzana pygmaea). Very rare.

292. Moorhen (Gallinula chloropus). Common in Lower Egypt.

293. Allen’s Gallinule (Porphyrio Alleni). Very rare.

294. Violet Gallinule (Porphyrio hyacinthinus). Common in Lower Egypt.

295. Green-backed Gallinule (Porphyrio madagascariensis). Very rare.

296. Common Coot (Fulica atra). Common everywhere.

297. Crested Coot (Fulica cristata). Rare.

298. Mute Swan (Cygnus olor). Rare.

299. Hooper Swan (Cygnus musicus). Very rare.

300. Egyptian Goose (Chenalopex aegyptiacus). Not common.

301. White-fronted Goose (Anser albifrons). Not uncommon.

302. Lesser White-fronted Goose (Anser erythropus). Rare.

303. Bean Goose (Anser fabalis). Very rare.

304. Brent Goose (Bernicla brenta). Rare.

305. Sheldrake (Tadorna vulpanser). Rare.

306. Ruddy Sheldrake (Tadorna rutila). Not uncommon in Lower Egypt.

307. Common Wild Duck (Anas boschas). Fairly common everywhere.

308. Gadwall (Anas strepera). Not very common.

309. Pintail (Dafila acuta). Very common throughout country.

310. Shoveller (Spatula clypeata). Exceedingly common.

311. Teal (Querquedula crecca). Very common.

312. Garganey Teal (Querquedula circia). Not common.

313. Widgeon (Mareca penelope). Very common indeed.

314. Ferruginous Duck (Nyroca leucophtalma). Rare.

315. Pochard (Fuligula ferina). Very common indeed.

316. Red-crested Pochard (Netta rufina). Lower Egypt.

317. Scaup Duck (Fuligula marila). Not common.

318. Tufted Duck (Fuligula cristata). Exceedingly common.

319. White-headed Duck (Erismatura leucocephala). Rare.

320. Velvet Scoter (Oedemia fusca). Rare.

321. Dalmatian Pelican (Pelecanus crispus). Fairly common.

322. White Pelican (Pelecanus onocrotalus). Fairly common.

323. Lesser Pelican (Pelecanus minor). Fairly common.

324. Masked Gannet (Sula cyanops). Very rare.

325. Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo). Common in Lower Egypt, rare elsewhere.

326. Little Cormorant (Phalacrocorax pygmaens). Rare.

327. Caspian Tern (Sterna caspia). Fairly common near sea.

328. Gull-billed Tern (Sterna anglica). Common in Lower Egypt.

329. Sandwich Tern (Sterna cantiaca). Rare.

330. Allied Tern (Sterna media). Common in Lower Egypt.

331. Swift Tern (Sterna bergii). Not uncommon in Lower Egypt.

332. Common Tern (Sterna fluviatilis). Rare.

333. Arctic Tern (Sterna hirundo). Rare.

334. Lesser Tern (Sterna minuta). Very rare.

335. Black Tern (Hydrochelidon fissipes). Rare.

336. White-winged Black Tern (Hydrochelidon nigra). Rare.

337. Whiskered Tern (Hydrochelidon leucopareia). Common on Nile.

338. Scissor-billed Tern (Rhynchops flavirostris). Rare.

339. Greater Black-backed Gull (Larus marinus). Rare on coast only.

340. Lesser Black-backed Gull (Larus fuscus). Fairly common.

341. Mediterranean Herring Gull (Larus leucophaeus). Not uncommon.

342. Herring Gull (Larus argentatus). Fairly common on coast.

343. Common Gull (Larus canus). Not common.

344. Slender-billed Gull (Larus gelastes). Rare.

345. Great Black-headed Gull (Larus ichthyaetus). Rare.

346. White-eyed Gull (Larus leucopthalmus). Very rare.

347. Mediterranean Black-headed Gull (Larus melanocephalus). Not common.

348. Black-headed Gull (Larus ridibundus). Common in Lower Egypt.

349. Little Gull (Larus minutus). Rare.

350. Cinereous Shearwater (Puffinus kuhlii). Not rare on coast.

351. Manx Shearwater (Puffinus anglorum). Rare on coast.

352. Great-crested Grebe (Podicipides cristatus). Rare.

353. Eared Grebe (Podicipides nigricollis). Rare.

354. Red-necked Grebe (Podicipides griseigena). Rare.

355. Little Grebe (Podicipides minor). Common.

356. Red-throated Diver (Colymbus septentrionalis). Rare.