INDEX

• A, 189, 271, 274, 280, 410–11
• A, Ancient & Modern, 195–196
• Abbott, Rev. Dr. T. K., 413
• Accidental words, 259, 384
• Acquiring a Formal Hand:
  • (1) Tools, 48
  • (2) Methods, 61
  • (3) Models, 70
  • (4) Practice, 85
• Addenda & Corrigenda, 23
• Addresses, Illuminated, 353
• Advertisements, &c., 340, 352, 389
• Alabaster & Marbles, 395
• Alcuin of York, 41
• Aldus, 311, 373
• Alphabet, derivation of the, 36
• Alphabets, useful kinds of, 267, 377, 390
• Aluminium leaf, 165
• Amperzand (&), 361, 416
• (Amperzand; Examples.—Figs. 50, 79, 148, 172, 173, 208 & Plates)
• Analysis of Versals, 115
• Analysis of Writing, 72
• Ancaster (stone), 393, 395
• Angles in Writing, 43, 46, 118, 253, 416
• Anglo-Saxon writing, 326
• Annotations, &c., 144, 315, 317, 344
• “Arabic Numerals,” 82, 426
• Arms or branches, 120 (v. Letters)
• Arrangement of Lettering, 88, 122, 239, 255–268, 389
• “Ascenders” and Ascending strokes, 79, 97, 119, 300, 314
• Asiso (gesso), 166
• Azzuro della magna, 179
• B, 189, 272, 273, 275–279, 280, 410–11
• Backgrounds, 184, 186, 188–193, 211–213
• Bands of lettering, 123, 136, 267
• “Barbaric” illumination, 194
• “Basket work,” 208, 209
• Bath (stone), 395
• Beauty, 237–240, (12)
• Beauty of
  • Arrangement, 255
  • Form, 252
  • Uniformity, 254
• Bibliography, &c., 385
• Binding books, 346, 103, 106, 110, 111, 171, 185, 197
• Black and Gold, 185, 202
• Black and Red, 127, 328
• “Black letter,” 118, 141, 263, 331, 364
• Black outlines, 182, 188, 212
• Blake, William, (footnote) 343
• “Block letter,” 384, 390
• Blue, 176–180, 181, 182
• Book-hands, 36
• Book Marks, 142
• Books, binding, 346, 103, 106, 110, 111, 171, 185, 197
• Books, Manuscript, 98, 341, &c.
• Books, size and shape of, 100–101
• Books, size of writing in, 101, 107
• Book typography, foundations of, 13, 98
• Borders, Illuminated, 98, 198–203, 211, 214, 427–430
• Borders, penwork, 25
• Bows & Curves, 121
• Brasses, 237, 340, 375
• Brazil-Wood, 175
• British Museum, MSS. in, 386, 409, &c.
• Broadsides, 338, 350
• Brushes, 172
• Brush-made (painted) letters, 376, 280, (118), 292, 384
• Bubbles, in size, 148
• “Built-up” letters, 291, 118–119, 254, 289, 331
• Burnished gold, 160, 184 (see also Gold)
• Burnisher, the, 158, 166, 171
• Burnishing slab, 146, 153
• C, 270, 281, 410–11
• Cake colours, 175
• Calligraphy, 14, 368
• Cane, or Reed pens, 52
• Capitals (see also Letters)
• Capitals, arrangement of, 256, 258; (in Lines, Headings & Pages) 125–126, 128–136, 299, 422
• Capitals, coloured, 113, 118, 122, 123, 134, 185
• Capitals & Small letters, 40, 112, 122, 302
• Capitals, severe type of, 294
• Capitals, simple-written, 123, 297, 302
• Capitals, sizes of, 108, 119, 122
• Carbonate of Copper (blue), 179
• Caroline (or Carlovingian) Writing, 41–43, 45, 305
• Caslon, William, 373, (26)
• Cennino Cennini, 165, 184, 386
• Chalk, 395, 402
• Chapters, beginnings of, 125, (footnote 1) 342, (2) 343
• Character, 237–240, 323
• “Characteristic Parts,” 247, 252, 280
• Characterization of letters, 278
• Charlemagne, 41
• Charter hands, 417
• Chequers, 191, 197, 215–217
• Chinese printing, 372
• Chinese Vermilion, 178
• Chinese White, 180
• Chisel-made letters, 36, 196, 278, 280, 292, 375, 391, 396, 410
• Chisel-shape of nib, 57, 63
• Chiswick Press, the, 374
• Chronograms, 363
• Church Services, &c., 140, 345, 387, 484
• Close spacing, 262–267
• CNUT, charter of, 416
• Cobden-Sanderson, T. J., (13), 368, 387
• Cockerell, Douglas, 171, (on limp vellum bindings) 346, 387
• Cockerell, S. C., 423, 430–483
• Collotype plates, the, 407, 431
• Colophons, 142, 342
• Coloured “Inks,” 172, 322
• Coloured Letters (see Capitals, & Contrasts)
• Colour, cake & powder, 175
• Colour, pan & tube, 176
• Colour,
  • preparations, 175–180
  • for Penwork, 176
  • proportions of, 182
  • Repetition & Limitation of, 181
• Colours, Tints few & constant, 177
• Colours, Use of, 195, 202, 203, 216, 422, 424, (389)
• Colour-work Illumination, 17, 194
• Columns, double, 104, 134, 136, 370
• Commonplace, the, 268
• Complex and simple forms, 195
• Construction of writings, 73, 83–85, 118, 292, 311 (see also the Notes on the Collotypes)
• Continental Writing, 41, 413
• Contrasts, Decorative, 327, 363
  • of Colour, 327, 336
  • of Form, 330, 336, 352
  • of Red & Black, 144
• “Conventionalism,” 220
• “Copy book” hands, 304, 305
• Copying a hand, 71, 82, 311, 323
• Copying early work, 83, 114, 195, 323, 414–417, 422–424, 482
• Correcting mistakes, 174, 344
• Countercharging, 188, 216, 424
• Coupling-strokes, joining letters, 73
• Cowlishaw, W. H., 485
• Cursive Writing, 37, 317, 483
• Cutting sheets, 99
• Cutting-slab, 61
• Cutting the Pen, 52–60
• “Cyphers” & Monograms, 361
• D, 270, 281, 410–11
• “Deckle” edge, 111
• Decoration of Print, 194, 364, 371, 374
• Decorative Contrasts, 327, 363
• Decorative use of Red, 144
• “Descenders,” and Descending strokes, 79, 97, 300, 314
• “Design,” Decorative, 177, (183), 201, 210, 214–222
• “Design” in illumination, 214
• Designing in type, 365, 371
• Desk, the, 49
  • Position of, 61
  • Writing level on, 62
  • Different slopes of, 68
  • Slope for colour, 118
• Development of g, 325
• Development of illumination, 16, 127, 204, 409
• Development of illuminated initial, 48, 114, 205, 423
• Development of Versals, 112
• Development of Writing, the, 35, 409, & Author’s Preface
• Devices in Letters, 362
• Diaper patterns, 192, 215–217
• “Display types,” 352
• Distinct lines of writing, 326
• Distinctiveness, 221, 247, 256
• Divisions of the text, 123, 138, 256
• Dividing Words, 258, 385
• Dots, groups of, 188, 213
• Drawing, 165, 203, 220, 227
• Drawing letters, 118, 126, 146, 292, 293
• “Durham Book,” 41, 71, 215, 415
• E, 272, 273, 281, 410–11
• Edges of Books, rough, or smooth and gilt, 111
• Egg, white of, 163, 165, 166, 175, 179, 183
• Egg, yolk of, 175, 179, 180
• Egypt, Hieratic writing of, 36
• Eleventh Century Writing, 46, 47, 305, 416
• Elzevirs, the, 373
• English Half-Uncials, 40
• English, Writing, 40, 46, 47, 303, 305, (335), 415–417, 419, 423, 426
• English, modern, writing in, 300, 326, 484, 485
• Engraving, Metal, 365, 375
• “Essential Forms,” 240, 275
• Even Spacing, 265, 219
• “Expression,” 240
• F, 272, 274, 282, 410–11
• “Face,” of type, 373, (26)
• Fifteenth Century Writing, 46, 47, (326), 331, 428–483
• “Filigree” Illumination, 197, 428
• Filling the Pen, 51, 69
• “Fine Writing” and “Massed Writing,” 260, 265, 299
• Fine Pen Writing, 59, 86, 311, 324, 482, 26
• Firth, C. M., 179
• Flemish MS., 421
• Floral Ornaments & Decoration, 182, 187, 191, 192, 198–203, 219
• Fly-leaves, 111, 346
• “Folder,” 64, 99, 348
• Folding sheets for books, 99, 101–103, 111
• Folio, 102
• Foot margin, 106, 352, &c.
• Formal Hand, acquiring a—
  • (1) Tools, 48
  • (2) Methods, 61
  • (3) Models, 70
  • (4) Practice, 85
• Formal Writing, 36, 317, 323
• Formal Writing, Modern, 71, 86, 114, 310, 315, 323, 414–417, 481
• Foundation Stones, 393
• Fourteenth Century Writing, 46, (114), 423, (427)
• Framed parchments, 356
• Framing borders, 25, 213, 371
• Freedom, 122, 126, 239, 258, 264, 324, 327, 342, 369, 21
• “French chalk,” 167, 174
• French Writing, 41, 305, 428
• Froben, (footnote) 365, 373
• G, 270, 282, 410–11
• g, Development of, 325
• “Geometrical” patterns, 205
• Gesso Sottile, 166
• Gilding (see Gold)
• Gill, A. E. R., 383, 486, (on Inscriptions in Stone) 389
• Gilt edges, 111
• Gold-leaf, 151, 165, 169
• Gold-leaf, Laying & Burnishing, 145–171, 184
• “Gold Ink,” 165
• Gold letters, 148, 166, 168, 186, 188, 299, 416, (405)
• Gold powder, “paint,” or matt gold, 163, 183, 187
• Gold, spots, bars, frames, 183
• Gold, use of, 183–193 (see also Other Colour Schemes, 127–145)
• Gold Writing, 164, 299
• “Golden Psalter,” the, 218
• “Gothic lettering,” 46, 118, 282, 331, 336, 373
• Greek Writing, 36, 320
• Green, 176–178, 181, 182, (202)
• Gum arabic, 147, 175
• Gutenberg, 372
• H, 271, 273, 282, 411
• Half-Uncials, 37, 40, 71, 238, 302, 413–415
• Ham-Hill (stone), 393, 395
• Hand-made paper, 111, 51
• Handwriting, ordinary, 14, 15, 77, 280, 315, 323, 374
• Headings in Capitals and Colour, 125, 132, 134, 297, (footnote 2) 343, 353
• Heads, feet, serifs, 84, 244, 311, 414, 416, 418, 482
• Heraldry, 216, 360, 361, 336
• Herbal, A, 221, 369
• Herringham, Christiana J., 165, 386
• Hewitt, Graily, 386, (Appendix: On Gilding) 167
• Historiated Initial, 423
• Holding the Pen, 64–68
• Holding the Horizontal shaft, 61, 67
• Hollow letters, 119, 208
• Holy Trinity Church, Hastings, Office Book, 484
• Hooks, or beaks, 244, 280, 289
• Hoptonwood (Stone), 395, 486
• Horizontal thin strokes, 65, 66, 72, 73, (footnote) 304
• Hübner’s Exempla, 378–380, 388
• I, 189, 283
• I for J., use of, 283
• Illuminated Addresses, 353
• Illuminated borders, 199, 211, 214
• Illuminated Initials, 214 (see Initial, also Collotype Notes)
• Illumination, 14, 486, 98
• Illumination, a definition of, 193, 194
• Illumination, a theory of, 193
• Illumination, heavy, 263
• Illumination, origin & development of, 48, 127, 204, 409, 16
• Illumination, tools for, 172
• Illustrations in MS. books, 13, 14, 221, (374)
• Incised Letters, 377–384, 403–405, 392
• Indented (set in) lines, 113, 264
• Initial, illuminated, development of, 48, 114, (134), 205, 330, 333, 423
• Initials, round or square, 210
• Initial Pages, &c., 112, 128, 365
• Initial word (IN), 128
• Inks, 51, 70 (see also Coloured “inks” and Gold)
• Inner margin, 106
• Inscription, modern, 487
• Inscriptions, size & arrangement of, 88, 265, 351, 392
• Inscriptions in stone, 389
• Inscriptions on metal, stone, wood, &c., 375, 377, 264
• “Inside Shapes,” 253, 281 (C)
• Irish Half-Uncials, 40
• Irish Writing, 34, 40, 302, 413-(415)
• Italian Writing, 47, 305, 312, 317, 412, 417–419, 429–484
• Italics, 311, 48, 130, 263
• Italic Capitals, 315
• “Italic” Writing, 138, 483
• J, 283, 411
• Joachinus de Gigantibus, 430
• Jonah & fish, 195, 421
• K, 273, 284, 401, 411
• Ketton (stone), 395
• Kells, Book of, 413, 40
• Kelmscott Press, the, 364
• Knife for pen cutting, 60
• L, 273, 284, 410–11
• Lamb’s skin, 167, 173–74
• Lapis Lazuli, 178
• Learning to Write, 48
• Legibility, 86, 390 (see Readableness)
• Lettering, arrangement of, 88, 122, 239, 255–268, 389
• Lettering, construction & arrangement of, 237, 17–19
• Lettering, contrasts of size, weight, &c., 327–328, 353
• Lettering, divers uses of, 337
• Lettering for Reproduction, 365
• Letters in Bands, 123, 136, 267
• Letters, Brush-made, (118), 292, 376
• Letters, “Built-up,” 291, 254, 289, 331, 118–119
• Letters, Characterization of, 278
  • “Arms & Branches,” 281 (C), 288, 331
  • Stems, 288 (drawn out), 282, 324, 331
  • Bows & Curves, 288
  • Serifs, 288
  • Tails, 289, 251, 331
• Letters, drawn, 292–93, 146, 118
• Letters, gold (see Gold)
• Letters, “Hollow,” 119, 208, 333
• Letters, incised & raised, 377–384, 403
• Letters in inscriptions, size of, 351, 393
• Letters, “Lombardic,” 119
• Letters, monogrammatic, 260
• Letters in outline, (294), 378–380
• Letters, round (see Round or Square types)
• Letters, Upper & Lower Parts, 273
• Letters, Varied types of, 114, 119, 209, 377; (on one page), 352
• Letters, Wide & narrow, 270, 278
• “Library gilt,” 111
• Lighting, 62
• Limitation in decoration, 177, 181, 198, 215, 220, 352
• “Limner’s” Illumination, 202
• Line-Finishings, 205, 123, 134, 193, 263, 425, 486
• Lines of Writing, 262, 326, 343
• Lines, red, 144
• Line-spaces in text, 123, 138, 256
• Linked letters, 260, 361
• “Lombardic” Capitals, 119, 210
• Loumyer, G., 147
• M, 271, 284, 410–11
• Magnifying glass, use of, 57, 61, 84
• Majuscules, (footnote) 300
• Marbles & Alabasters, 395
• Marginal lines, 109, 111, 136, 343
• Margin, the Foot, 352, (106)
• Margins, proportions of, 256, 89, 94, 95, 97, 103, 265, 394
• Margins, wide, 89, 103, 213, 222, 265, 299, 317, 351, 483
• “Massed writing,” 79, 260
• Matt gold, 183, 187
• Methods and Proportions, 100, 221, 256, 267
• Middle Ages, the, 196
• Miniatures, 98, 127, 165, 203, 220
• Minuscule, 37, 302
• Models of lettering, 70, 114, 237
• Modern Handwriting, 315–323 (see also Formal Writing & Handwriting, Ordinary)
• Monograms & Devices, 361, 260
• Morris, William, 368, 386-7
• MS. Books, 98, 256, 341
• Music with red staves, 140, 345
• N, 271, 285, 410–11
• Narrow letters, 269–273, 278
• “Natural” illumination, 202
• Nib (see Pen)
• Notes in red, &c., 130, 144
• Numbering pages, 110, 142, 144, 342
• Numerals, “Arabic,” 82
• O, 270, 285, 411
• “Oblong” shaped book, 103
• Obsolete letters, &c., 86, 323
• Octavo, 102
• Openings, 101, 106, 213, 365
• “Originality,” 268, 20
• Ornament
  • of backgrounds, 191
  • use of, 123, 222, 254, 330
• Ornament, “woven,” 208
• Ornaments (see also Design & Decoration)
• Ornamental Letters, 330, 48, 114, 208, 276, 298, 364, 25
• Outlines, 186, &c.
• Outlines, in black, 182
• Oxgall, 175
• P, 273–274, 285, 411
• Page, proportions of a, 317
• Pages in Capitals, 125, 128, 132, 299, 363–365
• Pages, thickness of, 99
• Painted (brush-made) letters, 376, 280, (118), 292, 384
• Palæographical Society’s Publications, The, 388, 412, 413
• Pan colours, 176
• Paper, hand-made, 51, 111
• Paper Sheets, sizes of, 103
• Paragraphs & Paragraph marks, 112, 113, 123, 141, 144
• Parchment & “Vellum,” 173, 38, 107, 110, 167
• Parchment, framing of, 356
• Patterns, elementary, 215, 205
• Patterns, indented in gold, 191
• Pens,
  • for colour, 172, 180
  • metal, 60 (footnote, 20)
  • Quill, 52, 54, 59, 172, 20 23
  • Reed or Cane, 51, 52, 63, 84
• Pen, cutting the, 52–60
• Pen, holding the, 64–68
• Pen, Nibs
  • shape of, 56, 118
  • width of, 84, 118, 292, 324
• Pen, Pressure on, 63, 23
• Pen-knife, 60
• Pen-wiper, 61
• Pen-work illumination, 197
• Penmanship (or use of the pen), 35–38, 84–85, 118, 197, 198, 204, 218, 238, 239, 241–247, 254, 262, 278, 291, 311, 317, 375, 414, 418, & Author’s Preface
• Personality, 239, 323
• Phrasing, 384
• “Plain song,” 140
• Planning MS., Spacing, &c., 97, 100, 358 (see also Scribes’ Methods)
• Planning sections & pages, 342
• Plaster of Paris, 166
• Platinum leaf, 165
• Poetry, long lines in, 95, 97, 138, 484
• Poetry, general treatment of, 95, 123, 138, 263, 337, 338, 371
• “Pointed” Writing, 40, 41
• Pounce, 145, 146, 167, 174
• Portland Stone, 395
• Powder Colours, 175
• Powder gold or “gold paint,” 146, 163, 170, (see Matt Gold, 183, 187)
• Practice (in Lettering), 21–22, 385
• Practice, acquiring a formal hand, 85, 327
• Practice & theory, 267
• Prayer Book, 345
• Prefaces in colour, &c., 130, 315
• “Primary Colour Sensations,” 182
• Printed books, Decoration of, 194, 369–372, 374
• Printers’ marks, 142
• Printers’ methods, 101, 113, 258, 264, 267, 363–374
• Printing, 367
• Proportion, 221, 251
• Proportions and Methods, 100, 221, 256, 267, 358
• Pumice, powdered, 146
• Punctuation marks, 82, 384
• Purple, 175, 177, 180
• Purple Vellum, 299
• Q, 270, 286, 411
• Qualities of good Writing, 239
• Quarto, 102
• Quill pens, 52, 54, 59, 172, 20, 23
• R, 272, 274, 286, 401, 411
• Raised Letters in stone, &c., 377, 384, 403
• Raising preparation (or “Size”), 145, 146, 166, 168
• Readableness, 237–240, 254, 259, 260, 264, 265
• Recto (right-hand page), 105, 112, 181, 365
• Red (paint), 176–78, 181, 182
• Red & Black, 127, 328, 364, 372
• Red lines, 144
• Red writing, 130, 144, 194, 315, 328, 345
• Reed or Cane pens, 51, 52, 63, 84
• Renaissance, the, and writing, 47, 419
• Repetition in decoration, 181, 215, 185, & see Limitation
• “Rivers,” (footnote) 262
• Roman Alphabet, the, 36, 114, 268, 390
• Roman Capitals, 189, 210, 238, 294, 297, 299, 302, 377, 390–391, 409–412
• Roman Capitals, Written, 297, 302
• “Roman” characters, 118, 241, 263, 278
• Roman Small Letters, 310, 47
• Roman Uncials, 38
• “Roman Vellum,” 173
• Roman Writing, 36–40, 297, 412
• Rooke, Noel, 227, 5
• “Round” and “Square” letters, 269
• Round or Square types of D, E, H, M, U, &c., 40, 119, 132, 210, 282, 300
• Round, Upright, Formal Hands, 65, 302
• Roundness in Writing, 38, 44, 45, 47, 304, 414
• Rubricating, 127, 98, 130, 144, 180, 194, 344, 345, 372
• “Rules,” 144, 364
• Ruling, double, 88, 304, 414
• Ruling pages, &c., 89, 99, 108, 258, 299, 343
• Ruling stylus, 89, 100, 108, 110, 343
• Rustic Capitals, 38, 297
• Rustic Capital in Stone, 378
• Rye, Slate at, 363, 382
• S, 273, 274, 286, 411
• “St. Albans Psalter,” the, 419
• Sandarach (resin), 174
• Scale for ruling, 99, 25
• Scalpel for pen-knife, 60
• Scribes’, methods, 65, 88, 101, 103, 113, 128, 130, 221, 258, 268
• Scriptorium, 4, 368
• Scroll work, 203
• “Section,” “Gathering”, (or “Quire”), 102, 110, 346
• Sections of Letters in stone, 405, 403
• Semi-formal Writing, 317
• Semi-Uncials, see Half-Uncials
• Serifs, 73, 84, 120, 241, 244–247, 288, 311, 314, 392
• Service Books, 140, 345, 387, 484
• Set Inscriptions, 350
• Setting out & spacing, 126, 128, 221, 258, 351, 384–5, 396
• Sgraffito, lettering in, 339
• Sharpening stones, 61, 399
• Sheets, cutting, folding & ruling, 99
• Sign Writing & Brush-Work, 376
• Silver leaf, 165, 299
• Simple and complex forms, 195, 323
• Simple Written Capitals, 123, 297, 302
• Simple-Written Letters, 291
• Simplicity, 240, 255
• “Size” or Raising preparation, 145, 146, 166, 168
• Size & arrangement of inscriptions, 88, 265, 351, 392
• Size & Shape of book, 100–101
• Sizes of Capitals, 119, 122, 256
• Sizes of paper sheets, 103
• Skeleton forms, 240, 247, 275
• “Sketching,” 126, 218, 258, 292
• “Slanted-Pen” or Tilted Writing, 43, 73, 241, 247, 304, 310, 415
• Slate, 382, 395
• Sleight of hand, 23, 85, 311, 322
• Small-letters and Capitals, 40, 112, 122, 302
• Small or Fine-pen Writing, 59, 86, 311, 324, 482, 26
• Spacing close, 262–67
• Spacing evenly, 265, 219
• Spacing letters, words & lines, 77, 128, 256, 394: see also—
• Spacing & planning MS., 89, 97
• Spacing & setting out, 126, 128, 221–22, 258, 351, 385, 396
• Spacing wide, 262–67, 314, 327
• Special Books, 300, 304, 344–346, 412, 485, 299
• Special words and letters, 123, 352
• Speed in writing, 84, 305, 311, 315, 322, 324, 483
• Spots, in “design,” 187–88
• “Spring” for pens, 54, 59
• “Square Capitals,” 37, 412
• “Square and Round” letters, 269
• Square or round types of D, E, H, M, U, &c., 40, 119, 132, 210, 282, 300
• Stanzas or Verses, 123, 138 (see also Poetry)
• Stones, best kinds of, for inscriptions, 395
• Stones, Foundation, 393
• Stonyhurst College, Gospel of S. John, in Uncials, 413
• Straightforwardness, 97, 101, 221–22, 258, 264, 267, 327, 342, 344, 351, 396
• “Straight pen,” 44, 241, 304
• Stylographic writing, 317
• “Swash Letters,” 315
• Symbolical devices, 142
• “Symmetrical” arrangement, 264, 389
• T, 272, 286, 411
• Tail-pieces, 142, 342
• “Tailiness,” 300
• Tenison Psalter, the, 426
• Tenth Century Writing, 46, 130, 295, 305, 325, (326), 415, 482, 485
• Theory & practice, 267
• Thicks & Thins, 43, 63, 83–85, 118, 292, 317, 375, 377, 392
• Thin strokes, horizontal, 65, 66, 72, 304
• Thirteenth Century Illumination, 185, 114, 195, 203, 210, 423–427
• Thirteenth Century Writing, 46, 114, (116), 331, 423, 425, 426
• Thompson, H. Yates-, 227, 429
• Thompson, Sir E. M., 385 (quotations from), 36, 37, 41, 127, 418, 426
• “Tilted” letters (O, &c.), 285, 44, 290
• Title pages, 128, 142, 258, 363
• Tombstones, 237, 394
• Tool-forms, 278, 292, 323, 392
• Tools and Materials for acquiring a formal hand, 48
• Tools & Materials for illumination, 172, 20
• Tools & Materials for laying & burnishing gold, 145
• Tools for inscriptions in stone—
  • Chisels, 396–403
  • Mallets, &c., 399–402
• Top margin (or Head), 106, 111, 343
• Trajan Column, Inscription on, 409–411
• Turkey’s Quill, a, 54
• Twelfth Century Illumination, 195, 205, 218, 420–422
• Twelfth Century Writing, 46, 47, (116), 305, 331, 417–422
• “Tying up,” 260
• Typography, book, foundations of, 13, 98
• U, 271, 287, 411
• Ultramarine Ash, 178
• Uncials (Examples, &c.), 300
• Uncials, Roman, 38
• Uncials, Script II., 79
• Uniformity, 244, 254, 311, 324, 181
• Upright Round-hand, 44, 65, 70, 302–304, 412, 413–415
• “Upright” shaped book, 103
• V, 271, 287, 411
• V for U, use of, 283
• Variety, 177, 255, 352
• Variety in initials, 209
• Varied types of letters, 114, 119, 209, 377; (on one page) 352
• “Vellum” & Parchment, 173, 38, 107, 110, 167: framing of, 356
• Vellum for bindings, 348
• Verdigris, 178
• Vermilion, 177
• Versal Letters, 34, 112–126, 205, 208, 218, 294, 296, 331, 420, 423 (see also Chapter VIII.)
• Versal Letters, Examples of, 114 (and Plates)
• Verses, see Versals, Paragraphs, Stanzas, &c.
• Vicenza, Mark of, 481
• W, 287, 411
• Walker, Emery, 372, 387
• Wall Inscriptions, 350, 406
• Waterproof Ink, 51, 172
• “Weight” of lettering, 327–328, 353, 377
• Whall, C. W., 17
• White, Chinese, 180
• White, use of, 180, 182, 183, 212
• “Whiting,” 147, 174
• Whitelead (biacca), 166
• White-of-egg, 163, 165, 166, 175, 179, 183
• “White vine pattern,” 202, 430, 481
• Wide Margins, 89, 103, 213, 222, 265, 299, 317, 351, 483
• Wide spacing, 262–67, 314, 327
• Wood Engraving, 364, 365, 371, (221)
• Words in Capitals, 126, 136, 297 (see also Headings & Spacing)
• Words to the line, number of, 85, 107
• Working in situ, 405
• Writing,
  • 1st to 5th century, 36–39, 412
  • 6th to 9th century, 40–45, 303, 305, (326), 412–415
  • 10th century, 46, 130, (295), 305, 325, (326), 415, 482, 485
  • 11th century, 46, 47, 305, 416
  • 12th century, 46, 47, (116), 305, 331, 417–422
  • 13th century, 46, 114, (116), 331, 423, 425, 426
  • 14th century, 46, (114), 423, (427)
  • 15th century, 46, 47, (326), 331, 428–483
  • 16th century, 310–323, (326), 483
• Writing, Analysis of, 72, (115)
• Writing, Anglo-Saxon, 326
• Writing, Fine & Massed, 260, 299
• Writing, ordinary Hand, 14, 15, 77, 280, 315, 323, 374
• Writing, size of, &c., 101, 107
• Writing, the Development of, 35, 409, & Author’s Preface
• Writings, construction of, 73, 83–85, 118, 292, 311 (see also Collotype Notes)
• Writing-Level, the, 62
• Writing-line, length of, 105, 107, 109, 262, 343
• “Writing-Pad,” 50, (fur or cloth for) 51
• X, 273, 287, 411
• Y, 273, 275, 287, 411
• Yolk of egg, 175, 179, 180
• Z, 272, 288, 411
• Zincotype process, the, 367