Brecks, for Brake.

Brees. Vide Breese.

Breese, a form of Brice, being the Norman-French pronunciation.

Breeze. Vide Breese.

Bren, armorially identified with Brend.

Brennard, for Burnard.

Brery, or De Brereto, Breuery, near Vesoul, France.

Breton, from Bretagne. Baronial families in England (Devon, Bucks, Lincoln, etc.).

Bretell. Normandy, 1126.

Brett, from Brette in Maine, or, possibly, short for Breton. Geoffry le Bret was one of the Barons of Ireland.

Brettell, Lords of Gremonville, Normandy (Des Bois). Bretel, Kent, 1130. Bretel is near Alençon.

Brettle, for Bretel.

Breun, or Brewn, for Brun. Vide Brown.

Brew, one of the forms of Breux, Brews, or Braiose.

Brewer, (1) from Brovers, or Brueria, now Breviare, near Caen. Seated in Devon at the Conquest. (2) From the English translation of Braceator, or Braceor. Vide Brazier, Bracher.

Brewhouse, for Brewis, or De Braiose, a baronial family, from Braiose, near Argenton, Normandy. Branches in Ireland, Wales, Suffold, Sussex, Norfolk, Hants "and elsewhere." The name is frequently written Breose, Brewes, and is totally different from that of Bruce or Brus, with which it has often been confounded.

Brewn. Vide Breun.

Brian, armorially identified with Bryan.

Briant, for Breaunt, Breant, or Breante, near Havre. Fulco de Breante, or De Beent, England, temp. Henry VIII. (Roger Wendover.)

Brice, from St. Brice, near Avranches, Normandy. Robert de St. Brice, Normandy, 1180.

Brickdale, from Briquedale, Normandy. The derivation of the name from "Brickdele, Lancashire," is doubted, on the apparently sufficient ground that there is no such place.

Bride, or St. Bride, or St. Bridget. Vide Bridgett.

Bridge, or De Ponte, Normandy, 1180; England about the same time. Bridges, 1328, Middlesex.

Bridgett, for Brichet. Vide Briett.

Brient, for Brent or Briant.

Brier. Vide Bryer.

Briett. Occurs in Normandy, 1180. Ralph de Brecet, England, 1272.

Briley, from Broilly, near Valognes, Normandy. William de Broleio, 1180-95. Broily, Bedford, 1086. Bruilli, Lindores, Scotland, 1178.

Brind, armorially identified with Brend.

Brine, for Broyne, Brun, Browne.

Brinson, or De Briançon, Middlesex, 1189. Giles de Brianzon, 1324.

Britain, for Breton. (Lower.)

Brittain, for Britain.

Brittan, for Britain.

Britten, for Britain.

Brixey, from Brèze, Anjou; De Brexes, Lancashire, 1199.

Brize, for Brice.

Broach, for Brock.

Brock, from Broc, Anjou; Robert de Broc, England, 1189; also Nigel and Ranulph de Broc.

Brocke, for Brock or Broc. (Lower.)

Bronaker, from Broncort, near Langres, France. Roger Bruncort, Normandy, 1199. Probably same as Bruencort and Brucort. (1180-98, Normandy.)

Brond, for Brand.

Brontofl, from Bernetot, near Yvetol. John de Bernetot held lands in Normandy, temp. Philip Augustus. The name of Bernetôt in Normandy at length changed to Bernadotte—the name of one of Napoleon's marshals. Hence, the royal family of Sweden. Carew Isaac Taylor remarked at Newcastle in 1889 that the royal families of Europe were of Scandinavian origin. But for the Norman derivation of the Bernadottes, here explained, the royal family of Sweden might have appeared to be an exception.

Brook, for Broke. (Lower.) Brooks, for Brock; Brookes, for Broke. (Lower.)

Brosee. Brúsi, Brozi (old Norse). Brosee, now pronounced Brozee. William Brosee, the progenitor of the family in Kentucky, was a soldier in the Russian campaign under Napoleon. Among the interesting "documentary" proofs of this service (now in possession of the family) is a portrait of the old campaigner in his French uniform.

Broughton, a branch of Vernon; "Broeton," Stafford, Thirteenth Century. The arms concur with the descent from Vernon.

Brown. Vide Browne.

Brown. Gilbert le Brun, Normandy, 1180. The name Brunus or Le Brun frequently occurs in Normandy, 1180-98. Many Normans were Brun, or Browne; but, in England, all Brownes were not Norman. The line of Hanno le Brun, Cheshire, temp. Henry II, is armorially connected with an Irish line. William Brone witnessed the charter of Dunbrody, 1178; Nigel le Brun had a writ of military summons, 1309, and Fremond Bruyn was one of the barons of Ireland, 1315-17. Richard de la Ferte accompanied Robert of Normandy to Palestine in 1096. He had eight sons, the youngest of whom, surnamed Le Brun, settled in Cumberland, where he had baronial grants, temp. Henry I. The family of De la Ferte, also called Le Brun, long flourished in Cumberland. The name Le Brun gradually changed to Broyne, Brown, and Browne. Robert le Browne, M. P. for Cumberland, 1317-1339, was grandfather of Robert, from whom descended the Viscounts Montague, the Marquises of Sligo, and the Barons Kilmaine.

Brownett. Robert Brunet, Normandy, 1209.

Brownlow. The Brownlows, Lords Lurgan, bear the arms of the De Tankervilles, Chamberlains of Normandy. Vide Chamberlain.

Bruce, from the Castle of Brus, or Bruis, now Brix, near Cherbourg, where are the ruins of an extensive fortress built by Adam de Brus in the Eleventh Century. Hence the Kings of Scotland, the Earls of Elgin, the Baronets Bruce.

Brudenell, or De Bretignolles, from Bretignolles near Alençon, Normandy. William de Bretignolles, in 1263, had a writ of summons to attend with his military array at Oxford. From this family descended Sire Robert Brudenell, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, 1520. The orthographic modifications of this Norman patronymic (from Bretignolles to Bredenell, to Bredenhill, and Brudenel) are clearly traceable upon the records.

Bruen, armorially identified with Bruin, with Brun, Le Brun, or Browne, of Cheshire.

Brunes, for Brun, now Brown.

Brunker, armorially identified with Brounker.

Brus. Vide Bruce.

Brush. Richard Broche, Normandy, 1198.

Brushett. Chapon Broste, Normandy, 1198. William Bruast, England, 1199.

Bryan, or Briowne, from Brionne, Normandy. A branch of the Counts of Brionne and the Earls of Clare and Hertford, descended from Gilbert, Count of Brionne, son of Richard I of Normandy. Wido Brionne of the Welsh line had a military court of summons, 1259. About this time the name was changed to Bryan, and the Barons of Bryan inherited it. William Jennings Bryan seems to have been, prenatally, a Kentuckian.

Bryant, for Briant.

Bryson. Vide Brison.

Buckle, or Buckell. Identified by the arms (a chevron) with Bushnell. Hence the able writer Buckle.

Budgell, for Bushell.

Budgett, for Buckett.

Buggins. Bogin, Normandy, 1180. Bogun, Derby, 1270.

Buist. Roger Baiste, or Buiste, Normandy, 1198.

Buley, or Bewley, from Beaulieu.

Bullard. A form of Pullard or Pollard.

Bullett. Beringer Bulete, Normandy, 1180. Iorceline Bolet, 1207. Normandy. In Kentucky, the Bullitts justify their Norman descent. They have achieved distinction in many lines.

Bullivant, or Bonenfant. Normandy, temp. Henry V; Cambridge, 1253. Bonenfant.

Bullon, or Bullen. A form of Boleyn. There is Bullen (or Boleyn) blood in Kentucky.

Bully, for Builly. Vide Bingham.

Bulwer. Vide Wiggett.

Bumpus, from Boneboz, Normandy.

Bunce, for Bence.

Bunker, for Boncœur. (Lower.)

Bunn, from Le Bon. (Lower.)

Burchell.

Burd, for Burt.

Burden, a familiar name.

Burden. Vide Burdon. "Burdens' Grant" (Virginia).

Burdett. French Bourdet. Vide Battle Abbey Roll.

Burdett. From the Bordets, Lords of Cuilly, Normandy. Seated in England at the Conquest. Baronets Burdett-Coutts.

Burdon. Bordon 1180, Normandy. Robert Bordon, Yorkshire, 1255.

Burfield. De Bereville, De Bareville, England, 1789. Sometimes Berewell.

Burges, Burgess. Simon de Borgeis, Normandy, 1195. Ralph Burgensis, 1198.

Burgess is an old way of spelling Burges.

Burgoyne, Burgon, Burgin. De Bourgoyne, probably Gothic, from Burgundy. In 1083 Walter Burgundiensis, or Borgoin, held lands in Devon.

Burke. Vide Burgh.

Burley. Roger de Burlie, Normandy, 1198. "White Burley," Kentucky.

Burnett. The Scottish form of Burnard. From Roger de Burnard. The name became Burnet in 1409. Bishop Burnet of Salisbury, celebrated writer, is of this gens.

Burney, a form of Berney. Vide Berney. The name of a well-known family in Kentucky. James G. Birney was the first Free-Soil candidate for the Presidency.

Burr. Robert, Roger, and Peter Burre occur in Normandy, 1180. Gilbert le Bor, England, 1227. Aaron Burr was a conspicuous and dramatic figure in the early history of Kentucky. Professor Shaler, the eminent Harvard professor, writing of Aaron Burr's expeditionary project, says that the Kentuckians "had inherited the spirit of the Elizabethan English"; and that the mass of the Kentucky people were always "filibusterish." There is not a decade in their history—he adds—that we do not find some evidence of this motive, to wit, "a natural hunger for adventure."

Burrell, or Borel. Normandy, 1180. Burrells, Burrill.

Burrough. (1) for Burgh; (2) for Burys, Burroughs, Burrowes.

Burroughs. Vide Burrough or Burgh.

Burt. William Berte, Mortanie, Normandy, 1203. John Berte, England, 1272.

Burton, or De Richmond. One of the family bore the feudal dignity of Constable of Richmond. The founder was Viscount of Nantes, Bretagne. The Baronets Burton.

Bury, from Bourry, near Gisors, Normandy. Armorially identified with the family of Bury, Earls of Charleville.

Busain, from Buisson, in the Cotentin.

Bushe. Hugh de Bucis, Normandy, 1180.

Bushwell, for Boswell.

Busse. Armorially identified with Bushe.

Butcher, for Bourchier.

Butler, or De Glanville. This family derives its name from Theobold Walter, the first butler of Ireland, to whom that dignity and vast estates were granted by Henry II. The Butlers bore the arms of De Glanville, a family of Glanville, near Caen.

Butler. A name of peculiar distinction in the heraldic genealogies. The Butler or De Glanville family derives its name from Theobald Balton, temp. Henry II. The name has lost none of its distinction in the New World. The Butlers of Kentucky are thoroughly Anglo-Norman in their fighting instincts. All the male members (5) of this branch were officers in the Revolution; all their sons but one were in the War of 1812; nine Butlers of this branch were in the War with Mexico; and in the Civil War every male descendant of Captain Pierce Butler (of Kentucky) was in the Confederate Army (vide Historic Families).

Butt, for Bott. A name made conspicuous in recent times by Sir Isaac Butt. Vide Butts, Boot.

Butter. Earls of Larnsborough, descended from Hugo Pincerna, who, in 1086, was a baron in Bedford. Hereditary butlers of the Earls of Leicester and Mellent. Several other families of distinction bore the name Butler: (1) the Butlers of Cornwall and Kent; (2) the Butlers of Essex; (3) the Butlers, Barons of Warrington, feudal butlers of Chester; (4) the Butlers of Bramfield, and others.

Butterfield, for Botevyle.

Buzar, for Buzzard.

Buzzard. Hugo and William Buscart, Normandy, 1198. Henry Boscard, Salop, 1199.

Byars, Byers, De Biars. (Lower.) In Kentucky, a familiar name. The Byars family of Mason was connected with the famous Johnston family.

Byles. Armorially identified with Boyle. A distinguished judge bore the name.

Byng, from Binge, Gerault, Normandy. Reginald Binge was one of the gentry of Essex, 1433. No one is likely to forget the Byng, who was shot pour encourager les autres.

Byron, or De Beuron, near Nantes, Normandy. Sir Richard Byron married, temp. Henry IV, the daughter and heiress of Colwick of Notts; and from him descended Lord Byron, the poet.

Cabban, or Cadban, from Cabanne or Chabannes in Perigord. Bartholomew Caban of Berkes, living 1322.

Cabbell. Walter Cabel is on record as having witnessed a charter in Wiltshire, in the Eleventh Century. This Walter Cabel came over with the Conqueror. The Normans used the word caballus, instead of equus, for horse. It was so used in Domesday Book, and it seems certain, says Doctor Brown, that the family derived its surname from that word. Hence, also, caballero. Doctor Brown gives at least forty-six different ways of spelling the name. Geoffrey Cabell owned land in Caux, Normandy, in 1180. The Cabells of Virginia are descended from the Cabells of France, in Somersetshire. In 1726 we find Doctor William Cabell in St. James Parish, Henrico, then deputy sheriff to Captain John Redford, High Sheriff of Henrico (Shire-Reeve), officially the first man in the county.

In June, 1785, "Polly" Cabel was married to John Breckinridge.

The records show that Mary H. Cabell and John Breckinridge had issue:

(1) Letitia Preston.
(2) Joseph Cabell.
(3) Mary H. (died in infancy).
(4) Robert H.
(5) Mary Ann.
(6) John.
(7) Robert Jefferson.
(8) William Lewis.

The political and social history of these families and their annexions are quite familiar to the people of Kentucky and the South.

Cadd, or Cade. Arnulf Cades, Normandy, 1184. Eustace Cade, Lincolnshire, 1189.

Caffin. A form of Caufyn, or Calvin. Cavin, or Calvin, occurs in Normandy, 1180.

Cain, from Cahaignes, Normandy.

Cain. Sometimes of Hiberno-Celtic origin; generally, however, of Caen, or De Cadomo, Devonshire, 1083.

Caines, from the lordship of Cahaignes.

Caldecote. A Norman family bearing an English surname.

Cale. A form of Kael. A Breton name. Vide Call.

Calf. An English form of the Norman name Calxus, or Le Chauve. William Calf, Ireland, 1322.

Call, or De Kael, from Bretagne or Poiton. Walter Cael, envoy to England, Thirteenth Century.

Callis. Callass, Cales, the usual forms of Calais in Sixteenth Century.

Calver. An abbreviation of Calvert.

Calvert, from Calbert, or Cauburt, near Abbeville. The "b" being changed into "v," as usual, 1318. Henry Calverd was Member of Parliament for York. The Calverts of Maryland (Lords Baltimore). A familiar name in Kentucky. Formerly (in mid-century days and earlier) pronounced Colbert; now, we only hear Calvert.

Cambray, from the Lordship of Chambrai, Normandy. Sire de Cambrai was at the Battle of Hastings, De Chambrai, Leicestershire, 1086. Corrupted to Chambreys, or Chambreis.

Camel, from Campelles, or Campell, in Normandy. Geoffry Campelles, Normandy, Twelfth Century.

Cameron. Scoto-Celtic. But there is one English family of the name derived from Champroud, near Coutances. Ausger de Cambrun, Essex, 1157. Robert Cambron and John de Cambron, Scotland, 1200 and 1234. Cambronne, of the Guard, of fragrant memory.

Camfield, or Camfyled, a corruption of Camville, from Camville, near Coutances.

Camidge.

Camp, from Campe, or Campes, Normandy. John de Campes, England, 1199.

Campbell. Vide Beauchamp. Norman-French, de Camville (de Campo-Bello), vide British Surnames, Barber (London, 1903). As early as 1812, Doctor John Poage Campbell, of Kentucky, in a series of "Letters to a Gentleman at the Bar" (Colonel Joseph Hamilton Daveiss), gave a striking illustration of the high quality of his scholarship in his anticipation of Sir Benjamin Brodie and Professor Tyndall of our day in the detection of the germinal ideas from which the Darwinian theory of evolution is derived (vide Green's Historic Families). An interesting illustration of the intellectual life of the pioneer period in Kentucky.

Campion. William Campion, Normandy, 1184. Geoffry Campion, England, 1194. "Campian," American Colonel (Lothair).

Campton.

Candy, from Cande, near Blois. Nicholas Candy, Normandy, 1195.

Cane, for Caen. (Vide Cain.) Cany. Richard Cane, Normandy 1180. Walter Cane, England, 1272.

Canfell, for Camville.

Cann, from Cane, Normandy. Geoffry de Can, Normandy, 1195. Richard de Canne, England, 1272. (Cone, from bosne: loc n. France.) In Kentucky, Conn.

Cannel, from Chanel, now Chenean, near Lille.

Cannon. Radulfus Canonicus, or Le Chanoin, of Normandy. Robert Canonicus, England, 1189.

Cant.

Cant, for Gant.

Cantis, for Candish, or Cavendish. A Norman baronial family.

Cantor (translated Singer). Gauridus Cantor, Normandy, 1180. Christian le Chaunter, England, 1272.

Cantrell. William and Roger Cantarel of Normandy, 1188. Alberid Chanterhill, England, 1199. Richard Chaunterel, 1272. Kentucky, U. S. A., Cantrill, 1906. Judge Cantrill, Court of Appeals, Kentucky.

Cantwell. Cantelo. Chanteloup.

Cape, or Capes, from Cappes. Vide Cope.

Capel. A Breton family from La Chapelle, Nantes. Rainald de Capella, Essex, 1066. (Domesday.) William de C., Suffolk, from whom the Lords Capel, Earls of Essex. Capel, from La Chapelle, near Alençon. Seated in the West of England. Capell, for Capel. Monsignore Capel figures vividly in Lothair.

Capern, for Capron. Richard Cepron, Normandy, 1180. Robert Capron, England, 1194. Mrs. Laura Lee Capron, of Baltimore, Md., was a daughter of Richard Henry Lee, of Kentucky.

Caplin, Capelen, or Chaplain. William Capellanus, Normandy, 1180. Richard C., England, 1190. John Chaplyn, Lincoln, 1443.

Capun. Vide Capern.

Carabine, for Corbin. Robert Corbin, Normandy, 1180. Geoffry Corbin, England, 1194. Walter Corbin, England, 1127.

Carbonell, Normandy, 1180. Carbonel, Hereford, 1086. The family long flourished in Hereford, Bucks, and Oxford.

Carden. An English local name. Also a form of Cordon, Cordun: Normandy, 1180; Essex, 1086.

Cardwell, for Cardeville, or Cardunville, from Cardunville, near Caen.

Cares, from Chars, Normandy.

Carew. A branch of Fitzgerald. Cary, Carey.

Carle, for Carel, or Carrell.

Carles. Vide Carless, or Charles, from St. Karles de Percy, in the Cotentin. Charles family, in Thirteenth Century, seated in many parts of England. Carlish, for Carless.

Carne. Geoffry le Caron, Normandy, 1180. Wischard de Charun, England, 1272.

Carnell, from Carnelles, near Evreux. Geoffry de Carneilles, Normandy, 1180. Armorially identified with Charnell. In England, usually styled Charnel or Charnels. Carneal, a distinguished name in Kentucky; Thomas D. Carneal, one of the founders of Covington, in that State.

Carpenter. Bernard Carpentarius, Normandy, 1180. William Carpentarius, father of Henry Biset, baron, temp. Henry II.

Carr, or Kerr, q. v.

Carrell, or Caril, from Caril, near Ligieux. James II, after the loss of his throne, created a Baron Caryl.

Carrey, for Carey.

Carrington, for Carenton; from Carenton, in the Cotentin. Robert de Carenton granted the mill of Stratton, Wilts, to Farley Abbey, 1125.

Carritt, or Caret, for Garet.

Carrol. In England, a form of Carrell. In Ireland it is Celtic.

Carson. Probably from Corson, Normandy. Carcun, Thirteenth Century, Suffolk.

Carter. William Cartier of Normandy, 1195; 1203, William of Warwick. Thirteenth Century Ralph C. Worcester. Colonel Carter, of Cartersville, Va.

Carterfield, or Quaterville, Normandy, 1205.

Cartwright. Armorially identified with Cateryke, or Catherick. A branch was seated in Notts; another in Cambridge, and the name there changed from Cateryke to Cartwright. Of the former branch was the celebrated reformer, and of the latter, Thomas Cartwright, the great Puritan leader, under Elizabeth. Peter Cartwright, an able revivalist, was equally famous in the States of the Southwest.

Carvell. Ranulph de Carville, 1180; Robert Carvel, 1195, Normandy. England, 1199. Richard de Carville. The English derivation of this patronymic has given a name to a popular American novel.

Cary, or Pipart. Waldin Pipart held Kari, 1086. (Domesday.) William Pipart held Kari, whence the name of De Kari, or Cary. Hence, the Earls of Monmouth and Viscounts Falkland.

Case, for Chace. Armorially related to Chancy, or Canci. Vide Chace.

Casey, or Cassy. When English, it is a branch of Canci, with which it bears armorial relations. Robert de Canecio, 1180, Normandy; Geoffry de Chancy, England, 1194. Chace, Chase, or Chousey, armorially identified to Casey. In various forms appears in all parts of England; also, Hiberno-Celtic.

Cash, for Cass.

Cass. A form of Case, or Chace.

Cassell, from Cassel, Flanders. Hugo de Cassel, London and Middlesex, 1130. Vide Cecil.

Casson, for Gasson.

Castang, for Casteyn.

Castell. William Castel, Normandy, 1198. Alexander de Castro, Castel, England, 1199.

Castleman. The castellan of a castle. Ancient name; distinguished in Kentucky.

Castro, for Castell. Casto?

Cate, or Catt. William Catus, Normandy, 1180. Rudulphus Cattus, 1189. Alexander le Kat, England, 1272.

Catherick. Vide Cartwright.

Catlin, Catline, Castelline, from Castellan, bearing three castles (armorial). De Casleltan, Normandy, 1180. Sire Reginald de Casleltan, England, 1272. An eminent Chief Justice of England bore the name of Cattine. Catling, for Catlin; also, Catlyn, Catlin, a famous American painter—an illustrator of our aboriginal life.

Cato, from Catot, or Escatol, in Normandy. Hugh de Escatol, Salop, 1189.

Caton. Katune, Normandy, 1198. England, De Catton.

Cattel, or Chatel. Foreign origin—Du Chastel, or De Castello.

Cattermole, from Quatremealles or De Quatuor Molis (locality not ascertained); also, Cattermoul, Cattermull.

Cattle, for Cattel.

Cattlin, for Catlin.

Catton. Vide Caton.

Caudel, for Caudle. Roger Caldel, or Caudel, Normandy, 1180. Anistina and William Caudel (Mr. and Mrs. Caudle?), Cambridgeshire, 1272.

Caulcott. Vide Calcott.

Caulfield, Calvil, Calfhill, or Caville. Vide Cavell. Seated in Normandy, 1180. In England, Gilbert de Calvel, Northumberland, and Richard, of Kent, 1202. Sir Toby Caulfield, a renowned commander in Ireland, descended from Bishop of Worcester, temp. Elizabeth. Hence, collaterally, Earls of Charlemont.

Cave. John Cave, Adelina de Cava, Normandy, 1180. Sire Alexander de Cave, commissioner of array and justiciary. Name of Norman origin. From Cave, in Yorkshire.

Cavendish. The Gernons were a branch of the Barons of Montfichet (or Montfiquet, or Montfiket), in Normandy; so named after their Scandinavian ancestor. The Montfichets were hereditary standard-bearers, or military chiefs of London. The younger branches retained the name of Gernon. Alured Gernon, brother of William de Montfichet, had estates in Essex and Middlesex, 1130. Geoffry Gernon, of this line, was surnamed De Cavendish, from his residence at Cavendish, Suffolk, 1302. He was grandfather of Sir John Cavendish, Chief Justice to Richard II. Cavendish and Gernon bear indiscriminately the same arms. The Dukes of Newcastle, Devonshire and other great families bearing the name of Cavendish (pronounced Candish), descended from the Gernons and Montfichet. The genealogists differ on these points, but the old heralds seem to agree.

Caville, or Cavill, identified by its arms (a calf) with Calvel, or Cauvel. Robert Cauvel, Normandy, 1198. William Cavell of Oxfordshire, 1292.

Cawdery, or Coudray, Cawdray. A branch of the Beaumonts, Viscounts of Maine. (Vide Beaumont.)

Cawley, for Colley.

Cawse, Calz, or Caux, from Caux, near Abbeville. Hence the English surname, Cox or Coxe.

Cayley, from Cailly, near Rouen.

Cecil, Cicelle, or Seyssel, from Kessel, or Cassel, east of Bruges, Flanders. Its arms (escutcheon charged with the lion rampant of Flanders) are still borne in Flanders by a family of the same name. Walter de Alterens, descended from Robert Fitz-Hamon, living 1165, is derived the noble house of Cecil. The great English statesman, Lord Burleigh (William Cecil) was of this family.

Ceeley, or Seily, from Silly, Normandy.

Chabot, or Cabot. Robert Kabot, 1198. Roger Cabot, of England, 1272.

Chace, Chase, or Chausey. Armorially identified, also, with Chancy or De Canci. The name appears in all parts of England as Chancey, Chancy, etc.

Chad, for Cadd.

Chaff, from Chause. Vide Cafe.

Chaffer, Chaffen, from Chevricres, Normandy, 1195.

Chaffey, or Chaffy, a form of Chafe, or Chaff.

Chaffin, for Caffin. (Lower.)

Chalie, for Cayley.

Challands, for Chalas. Vide Challen.

Challen. A branch of the Counts of Chalons.

Challenger, or Challenge, from Chalenge, Normandy.

Challoner. Probably from Chalons.

Chamberlain, Robert, Herbert, William Henry Camerarius, or Le Chamberlain, Normandy, 1180-98. England, 1194-1200. Henry, Hugh, Ralph, Robert, Thomas, Walter, Richard Turbert Camerarius. The principal family of these was descended from the Barons of Tancarville, Chamberlains of Normandy; also, Chamberlaine, Chamberlin, Chamberlayne.

Chambers, or De Camera. William de Camera, England, 1189, Oxford, Essex, Sussex. The family appear early in York, Wilts and Norfolk. Chambre, or Camera, was in Brabant, the family seeming to have come thence at the Conquest. Governor John Chambers, of Kentucky, was one of the aides of General Harrison at the battle of the Thames;—was appointed Territorial Governor of Iowa by President Harrison.

Champ. Vide Camp.

Champin, for Campion, or Campian.

Champney, from De Champigne, Normandy.

Chancellor, Canceller, Chanslor. Chancillor, a Norman name. Ranulph Cancellarius.

Chaney, for Cheyney.

Channell. Armorially identified with Charnell. An eminent judge bore this name.

Channon. Vide Cannon.

Chant.

Chantry, from Chaintre, near Macon.

Chappel. Vide Capel.

Chappius. Calvus, Normandy, 1195. England, Cabous, 1311.

Charge, from Gaurges, in the Cotentin.

Charles. Vide Carless.

Charnell, for Carnell.

Charniter.

Charter, for Chartres.

Charteris. The Scottish form of Chartres.

Chartres. Ralph Carnotensis (De Chartres) held estates in Leicester, 1086. Ébrard de Carnot, 1148, Winchester.

Chase. Vide Chace.

Chattell. Vide Cattell.

Chatwin, for Chetwynd.

Chaucer. Geoffrey Chaucer, the poet, married a daughter of Sir Paine Roet, sister of John of Gaunt's wife, and was valectus, or esquire, to Edward III. The family of Chaucer, Chaucier, Chaucers, or Chaseor, had been seated in the eastern counties, and some members were in trade in London. The name, Le Chaucier (Calcearius) may have arisen from some sergeantry connected with the tenure of land. Probably a branch of the family of Malesoures.

Cheek. William Cecus occurs in Normandy, 1198; and in Gloucester, 1189. Walter Chike of England, 1272.

Cheiley, or Ceiley, a form of Cilly. Vide Ceely.

Cheney. Vide Cheyney.

Chenoweth. The history of this name is of peculiar interest. John Trevelesick, according to an old London record, married Elizabeth Terrel. Their son, John, received from his father a tract of land upon which he built a house, and called the place "Chenoweth," doubtless from an oak grove or woods upon the land. The initial syllable of the name is not uncommon in the genealogical nomenclature of Normandy; and Cornwall is notably a land of Norman castles and druidical groves of oak. The Trevelesick family, as was a custom of the period, took the name of the place, and was henceforth known as "Chenoweth." This change may have been partly induced by the circumstances that there was a law which required the people to take names that were "easy" to the English. There seems to have been an early etymological connection between the familiar Virginian names "Chenoweth" and "Chinn." Vide Chinn, Cheyne, Chêne, Chenoie, and the Scandinavian suffix with. In a list of names from Domesday Book we note the following: Cheneuvard, Chenuard, Cheuvin, Chenut. The Chenoweths of Kentucky are from Berkeley County, Virginia, the progenitor of the family being a "fighting pioneer."

Cherey. (1) De Ceresio. The early form, Cerisy. (2) Also from Cheeri, William Cheeri of Normandy, 1180.

Chesney, from Quesnay, near Coutances; De Chesnete in England.

Chevalier (i. e. Miles), Normandy, 1180. Reginald Miles, England, 1272.

Chew. William de Cayu, Normandy, 1180. Walter C. Kew, England.

Cheyne. Cheyney, Chinn, from Quesnay, near Coutances. Robert de Chesneto, Bishop of Lincoln, 1147. The Lords Cheyny were of this stock. Chinn is an old family name in Kentucky, and seems to be genealogically connected with the Chenoweth gens. (Vide Chenoweth.) The progenitor of the Chinn family in England and America was one Thomas de Cheyne, of Norman-French descent. Rawleigh Chinn, gent., married Esther Ball, a connection of the Washington family, and came to America about 1713 and settled in Lancaster County, Virginia. (See the "Register" for 1907, page 63.)

Chick, or Chike, a form of Cheak (Robson). A prominent Kentucky family (Boyle).

Child, the English form of Enfant. William and Roger le Enfant, Normandy, 1180. William and John Child, England, 1180.

Childers. A corruption of Challen or Challers. Vide Smithson.

Chinn. Vide Cheyney, Cheyne.

Chitty. In 1272 was Cette. Roger Cette, Norfolk.

Chivers, or Cheevers, from La Chievre, or Capra, Normandy.

Choicy, a form of Chausy.

Chollett. Collett.

Cholmelsey, or Cholmondely. William de Belwar, or Belvar, or Belvoir, married Mabilia, a daughter of Robert Fitzhugh. From this William de Belwar descended the House of Cholmondely.

Christian. Thomas and William Christianus, Normandy, 1180. Walter Christianus, England, 1199. Crestien, Cristian, Crestin, England, 1272.

Christmas. A translation of the Norman-French Noël.

Chucks, a form of Chokes, or Chioches, from Choquet, Flanders.

Church. Vide Search.

Churchill, or De Courcelle. The Churchills of Dorset, ancestors of the great Duke of Marlborough, are traceable by the ordinary heralds' pedigrees to the reign of Henry VII. The family of Wallace (Walensis) was a branch of the Corcelles. From this family came the Great Duke. One of the later Dukes of Marlborough published a charming account of his visit to Kentucky, just after the war. He was entertained at "Ashland" by Major Henry C. McDowell.

Clare. Two families. (1) De Clare of Browne. (2) The Norman House of De Clere.

Claret. Walter Clarté, Normandy, 1180. John Clarrot, England, 1272.

Clark. George Rogers Clark.

Clay, from Claye, near Méaux. The name is borne by the Baronets Clay. The Clays of Bourbon and the Clays of Fayette, says General Cassius M. Clay, are descended from the same remote ancestor.

Cliff, or Clift, Clive.

Cochrane, Cochran. The family were resident in County Renfrew (says Lower) for many centuries. Vide Peerage, Earl of Dundonal. Renfrew has strong associations with John Knox, and according to Doctor MacIntosh, the vigorous race he represented had a strong infusion of Norman or Scandinavian blood. A recent legal decision connects the name of Cochrane with one of the most important cases ever brought before a Kentucky judge.

Cockerell.

Collins.

Collins. William de Colince or Colimes held lands at Chadlington near Oxford. Coulimes was near Alençon. Hugh de Coulimes, 1165, held a barony of four fees.

(1) The Collins family or families of Kentucky have been notably distinguished. General Richard H. Collins was a lawyer of great ability. His sons, also lawyers, were brilliant and cultivated men. John A. Collins was a member of the Cincinnati bar, and a partner of Senator Pugh. Charles and William were writers of ability and distinction. Richard was a gallant Confederate soldier and the artillerist of Shelby's command. Their father welcomed John Quincy Adams to Kentucky when he made his famous speech in vindication of Mr. Clay.

(2) Judge Lewis Collins was a native of Kentucky and derived from pure Virginian stock. He was a man of the highest character. His history of Kentucky, a valuable work, was officially recognized by the Legislature of the State. His son, Doctor Richard H. Collins, a man of marked and varied ability, continued his father's historic labors; revised the volume first published, added another volume, and increased the quantity of matter fourfold. No one has bestowed higher commendation upon this work than Professor Shaler, himself an historian of the State.

Combs.

Cooke.

Corbett.

Corbin.

Corker. De Corcres, Normandy, 1180-95.

Costello, from Mac Ostello, descendants of Hostilio de Angelo, settled in Ireland, temp. Henry. In this instance the new settler took the prefix Mac, not an uncommon occurrence in those days. The native "Macs" and "O's" of Ireland were never at peace, and the Galwagians repudiated both. When the Normans came they gave the Celts "Fitz," and characteristically enough the Celts, who were dissatisfied with "O" and "Mac," have been having "Fitz" ever since. Lower says that English settlers sometimes assume the prefix "Mac," apparently from a desire of assimilation to the Celtic race. In Ireland "O" was held in higher esteem than "Mac" In Scotland, it was just the reverse.

Courtenay.

Cowan.

Cox, or Coxe; Cocks, Le Coq; Coke; Cocus; also, De Caux.

Creasy.

Cripps. Armorially identified with Crisp.

Crittenden. A fine old name from Kent. The Crittendens of Kentucky have nobly illustrated the name. The founder of the family, John Crittenden, was an officer in the Revolutionary War. He came to Kentucky at the close of that struggle, and settled in Woodford, the heart of this State. His sons, John, Thomas, and Robert, were eminent at the bar, and Henry, who devoted his life to agriculture, was equally conspicuous for talent. John J. Crittenden received his elementary education at the local schools; afterwards attended Washington Academy (now Washington-Lee University), and completed his studies at William and Mary. The effect of his classical training is shown in the clearness, finish, and felicity of his published speeches; his peculiar power in forensic oratory must always be a matter of tradition.

The name "Crittenden" is imperishably associated with that of Kentucky. It is peculiarly a family of soldiers, lawyers, and political leaders. One soldier of the name was immortalized by his tragic fate—William Crittenden, the proto-martyr of Cuba Libre.

The history of the family is the history of the State.

Crockett.

Crook, or Crooke.

Crozier.

Cummings, or Cumming.

Cunditt.

Currier. Richard Coriarius, Normandy, 1180, from Angerville, in the Cotentin.

Curtis.

Cuss. A form of Cust. One may be a "Cuss" in Kentucky; but quite as often he is "Cust."

Dade.

Dailey.

Dangerfield, or D'Angerville.

Daniel.

D'Arcy.

Darrell.

Davie.

Davies.

Davis. Mr. Burton N. Harrison, in his graphic "Century" narrative of the Capture of Jefferson Davis, records the last "War" speech of the Southern President. It was addressed to a column of cavalry, under the command of General Duke, at Charlotte, N. C., the soldiers waving their flags and hurrahing for "Jefferson Davis." The speech was brief. He thanked them for their cordial greeting; complimented the gallantry and efficiency of the Kentucky cavalrymen; and expressed his determination not to despair of the Confederacy, but to remain with the last organized band, "upholding the flag." This was all. He said later to his faithful Secretary, "I can not feel like a beaten man."

In a private letter written by Secretary Harrison to his mother about this time (unpublished), he says: "Thaddeus Stevens recently sent us an offer to become one of Mr. Davis' counsel if it were agreeable to us to have him serve." Mr. Harrison's letters to his family are admirably written and full of interest.

It was the trained sagacity of an English statesman which in the midst of universal doubt and misconception enabled him to comprehend at a glance the difficulties encountered by Jefferson Davis in bringing order out of the wild chaos of secession in the Southern States. "He has created a Nation"—said Mr. Gladstone. Doubtless, posterity, in full possession of the facts, will be disposed to let the judgment stand. These facts have never been more ably and accurately stated than in the eulogy by Colonel William C. P. Breckinridge upon that able and daring pilot in this great extremity of the South. The eulogist was competent to speak; he was early in the field; he was close to the inner councils of the war; he saw and shared the struggle in every phase; and at the close, he calmly accepted the results. His clear and rapid summary will carry historic weight:

"When the world once understands how it was possible for the government, inaugurated at Montgomery, without a battalion of soldiers, or a ship of war, without arms or munitions of war, without provisions and military stores; a government not possessing within its borders a single factory at which a single weapon of war, or a single part of a weapon of war, could be manufactured, without credit or funds; a nation with her ports soon blockaded so as to be deprived of access to the markets of the world; a republic composed nominally of thirteen separate States, of which Kentucky, Tennessee and Missouri were practically under the control of its enemy—how such a nation could maintain such a war for a period of four years against the United States of America, and bring into the field an army more numerous than its entire adult white population, feed it, clothe it, transport it, arm it, take care of it and keep it in such condition that it won unprecedented victories, has been an unsolved mystery. When it is added that during those years personal freedom was maintained, order preserved, courts kept open and no rights usurped, thinkers will conclude that he who was the head and life, the spirit and chief must have been a very great man."

The London Times, in its obituary notice, said: "As he was the first to perceive the true nature of the struggle, so was he the last to admit that the battle was lost. He fought a losing battle with unquestionable ability and unflinching courage. His achievements will secure him an honorable place in his country's history."

In the last public address of Jefferson Davis, delivered in the capitol of Mississippi to the Legislature in joint convention, he said: "The people of the Confederate States did more in proportion to their numbers and men than was ever achieved by any people in the world's history. Fate decreed that they should be unsuccessful in the effort to maintain their claim to resume the grants to the Federal Government. Our people have accepted the decree; it, therefore, behooves them, as they may, to promote the general welfare of the Union; to show to the world that hereafter, as heretofore, the patriotism of our people is not measured by the lines of latitude and longitude, but is as broad as the obligations they have assumed and embraces the whole of our ocean-bound domain. Let them leave to their children and children's children the grand example of never swerving from the path of duty, and preferring to return good for evil rather than to cherish the unmanly feeling of revenge."

Davison.

Davy, or Davey.

Dawe.

Dawkins, or Dakin.

Dawson.

Day.

Deacon.

Dean.

Dearing, or Deering.

DeLacy, or Lacy.

Delmar. An abbreviation of De la Mare.

Denis, or Dennis.

Denney, or Denny.

Denton.

Derry, for D'Arry or D'Airy.

Desha. (Fr. Deshayes.) A grandson of Governor Desha of Kentucky, visiting many years ago the Valley of Wyoming, the ancestral home-place of the Desha family, found a venerable scion of the pioneer stock, who invariably spelt his name Deshay. Fields, woods, hedges, etc., give surnames to families. In the following line from an old French writer we find two family names, or at least words familiarly used as such:—On lui dressoit des sentiers au travers des hayes de leurs bois. The name Desha is accented on the second syllable, in Kentucky, this doubtless being the original pronunciation as implied by the ancestral orthography—"Deshay." Beyond the Seine in old Paris; beyond the Latin Quarter and the Faubourg St. Germain, near the fortifications, there stands—or did stand in the closing quarter of the last century—a block of antique villas. One of these was known as the Villa Deshayes. Captain Deshayes, of the French man-of-war Le Grand Joseph, made a gallant fight against two British frigates during the Colonial wars.

General Joseph Desha, after a brilliant military and political career, became Governor of Kentucky in 1824. His administration (says Collins, the old Whig historian) was strong and efficient. The message of Governor Desha of Kentucky, November 7, 1825, says Professor W. G. Sumner of Yale, "deserves attentive reading from any one who seeks to trace the movement of decisive forces in American political history."

Judge Bledsoe (the father-in-law of Governor Desha) is reported to have said that "Desha commenced his career with as sound a set of politics as any man in Kentucky, but it was his misfortune never to change them."

Even Desha's enemies concede that he made a brilliant and impressive appearance upon the hustings. His handsome person and carriage contributed much to this effect. He is described in that Hudibrastic skit, "The Stumpiad" (1816):