(Vide sketch and portrait of Desha in No. 18 of the Publications of The Filson Club: Battle of the Thames.)

Devereux.

Devine. William le Devin, Normandy, 1180-95.

Dewey.

Dickens, or Digons. Digin or Diquon, an early "nurse-name" of Richard. Digg, Diggery, Dickman, Digman, Digins, Diggins, "Dickens"—name of the novelist. Also, Dickson, Dickenson.

"Dickins," used as a nickname of Satan, is a contraction of the diminutive Devilkins.

Dietrich. (Scan.) Didrik. Didrich, Diderk, Diderisk. (From a list of Frisian Personal and Family Names—Barber.)

Dimmett, for Diment.

Dimmitt.

Dixie. Armorially identified with Dicey. From Diss, Norfolk, which belonged to Richard de Lucy, Governor of Falaise. The Confederate war-song, therefore, bears a Norman name.

Dodson. The son of Dode, Alwinus Dodesone, occurs in Domesday as a tenant-in-chief. It is an open question whether it is Scandinavian or Anglo-Saxon. Even Lower is doubtful. There is a large connection of this name in Maryland and Kentucky. One branch is connected with the Botelers of Virginia. A good English stock.

Doggett.

Doniphan. Probably an early form of Donovan. By old writers (says Lower) the name is written Dondubhan ("the brown-haired chief")—changed to Doniphan by the familiar substitution of p for b. The Doniphans of Kentucky were a strong race—lawyers, soldiers, physicians, etc. General William Nelson's mother was a Doniphan.

Joseph Doniphan came to the Fort at Boonesborough in 1777. He is said to have been the first school-teacher in Kentucky.

At the battle of Bracito, the Mexican leader of a large force called upon Colonel Doniphan (a Kentuckian) to surrender, with the alternative "no quarter."

"Surrender, or I will charge your lines!"

The answer came at once—"Charge and be damned!"

There was no surrender. The Mexicans lost.

Colonel Alexander Doniphan was a close maternal kinsman of General William Nelson, of Kentucky, and like him in many respects.

Dougles, or Dougless.

Dover, from Douvres or Dovers, Normandy. A baronet family which derived its name from a Scandinavian Dover at the conquest of Normandy, 912. Dover, Kentucky, is doubtless in the same line of descent.

Dowell, for Doel or Dol. Rivallon, Seneschal of Dol, ancestor of the Counts of Dol; connections of the du Guesclins (of France) and Stuarts (of Scotland). Passing into a Celtic environment, a Norman Dol or Dowell would naturally assume the Celtic prefix, "Mac," as in like circumstances English settlers have done. In Lord Stair's list of Macs, he gives Dowale, Douall, Dowell. McDowell is the form the name assumes in Virginia and Kentucky, one branch of the family (McDowells) being known as the McDoles, a traditional pronunciation of the name. The progenitor of the family, Colonel Samuel M. Dowell, was a Colonial leader in Virginia, and conspicuous and influential as a pioneer in Kentucky. He was President of the Convention that organized the State.

The common derivation of "Dowell" is from Dougall, and was intended in the Highlands to apply exclusively to the Lowlander; though quite as applicable to the "man from below." (Vide Lower: Dhu, black; gall, a stranger.)

Downing. Old English name familiar in Kentucky. A loc. n. Worc. (Eng.)

Drake. There is no reason to doubt that the Drakes of Devon were all originally of the same race. They bore a dragon (Draco), showing that their name had been Draco. The father of Daniel Drake came to Kentucky in the closing years of the Eighteenth Century, settling in the rich bluegrass county of Mason. Along with a rifle and an axe, he brought five books to the wilds of Kentucky, to wit, a Bible, a hymn book, an arithmetic, a spelling book, and the "Famous History of Montellion, a Romance of the Ages of Chivalry." "The Letters of Lord Chesterfield,"—borrowed by the father of Daniel from a friend in the neighboring Virginian colony—"fell in mighty close"—says the son—"with the tastes of the whole family." Chesterfield and Montellion:—ideal educators even in this "school of the woods," as it was happily termed by its most distinguished graduate, Doctor Daniel Drake.

Daniel Drake was not only a skillful physician and accomplished scholar, but he was the founder of a famous medical school, and an author whose productions, in the estimation of competent critics, have given him and his country a splendid and enduring renown. His elaborate and systematic treatise upon the Diseases of the Valley of the Mississippi is a work which lays broad the foundations of medico-geographical research in the Western Hemisphere, and foreshadows in masterly fashion the rigorous methods of physical science that are now universally in vogue. The author was an explorer by right of birth. He was a true son of his pioneer father, and a typical scion of an adventurous race. The daring navigator, Sir Francis Drake, the son of a Devonshire yeoman, was a true kinsman in spirit, and probably in blood. The same passion for exploration which drove the one to circle the universal seas in an English keel inspired the other to toil through the vast spaces of a continental wilderness and explore the haunts of pestilence upon the shores of the Mexican Gulf. It is doubtless as the author of that unique work—"The Diseases of the Great Interior Valley"—that Daniel Drake will chiefly be remembered, and certainly no one could desire a better title to remembrance. The motto of his famous "Journal," E Sylvis Nuncius, is a succinct and happy characterization of the man. He was indeed an ambassador from nature, and his credentials have passed unchallenged to this day.

Drewry.

Duckworth.

Dudley.

Duer.

Duncan, or Dunkin.

Duke. Le Duc, Normandy, 1180-98. Radulphus Dux (or Duke), of Bucks, England, 1199. The name keeps its old distinction in Kentucky. It will long survive in social tradition and always hold a high place in the history of the State.

An Anglo-Norman Family. Dr. Basil Duke, born in Calvert County, Maryland, 1766; died in Washington, Ky., 1828; married, 1794, Charlotte Marshall, born, 1777, in Fauquier County, Virginia; died in Washington, Kentucky, April 17, 1817. She was a sister of Chief-Justice Marshall.

1. Thomas Marshall Duke, born 1795, died about 1870; married:

1. Bettie Taylor.
2. Nancy Ashby.
3. —— McCormick.

2. Mary Wilson Duke, born February 7, 1797; married, May 7, 1818, Dr. John F. Henry; died September, 1823.

3. James Keith Duke, born, Washington, Ky., 1799; died August 2, 1863; married, February 5, 1822, Mary Buford.

4. Nathaniel Wilson Duke, born 1806; died at Paris, Ky., July, 1850; married, October 4, 1833, Mary Currie. Parents of General Basil Duke.

5. John Marshall Duke, born, Washington, Ky., October 29, 1811, died in Maysville, Ky., 1880; married Hannah Morton.

6. Lucy Ann Duke born Washington, Ky., January 11, 1814; died Rock Island, Ill.; married, January 20, 1835, Charles Buford.

7. Charlotte Jane Duke, born Washington, Ky., January 20, 1817; died February, 1886; married, January 14, 1840, Harrison Taylor, "War" Speaker of the House of Representatives. (Kentucky.)

The Dukes of South Mason are descended from Alexander Duke of Maryland, a tall, vigorous specimen of the Anglo-Norman breed who lived to be nearly one hundred years of age. His son, Dr. Basil Duke, was a brigade surgeon in the Confederate service.

Durrell, from Durell. Armorially identified with Darrell, Durrant, Durran, Durrock, and possibly Durrett. (Vide Durrett.) Note how slight a change converts the Norman name Clarte into Claret. So, Druett into Durrett.

Durrett. A surname traceable beyond the Conquest, and having all the marks of a Norman surname. If not of literal record in our various lists, it is evidence of defect in the list itself. It is a familiar tradition in Colonel Paul Durrett's family that the original form of the surname was Duret, and that the family was of French extraction. Widely separated branches of the same stock have the same tradition. Every village in Normandy—says Camden—has "surnamed" a family in England. It is easy to perceive, therefore, that the number of surnames thus derived, added to the number derived from other sources, would oblige the compilers of genealogical dictionaries from sheer exhaustion to omit many names. There is a simple process of linguistic mutation which explains the genesis of many words. It is known as transposition. It may be a transposition of letters, as in the simple name Crisp, transpose the terminal letters and we have the familiar name Crips; or it may be a transposition of syllables, of which we have a famous example in Al-macks, decelticized for Anglican uses by a simple transposition of the syllables in the Celtic surname—Mack-All. So, Durand, Durant (vide Battle Abbey Roll and D. B.), DeRuelle, Durelle, Druell, Durell, Durel, Durell (Huguenot, London, 1697), Durrell; so, too, Drouet (Nor. Fr.), Druet, Druett, Durrett. Duré is a French surname easily Normanized by the addition of the diminutive suffix et or ett, giving us Duré, Duret, or Durett; and when consonantally braced (more Anglico) by doubling the "r," we have Durrett—a familiar surname in Kentucky. Dur, the adjective, means hard, durable, enduring; the noun Dur is door; ett is a Norman suffix; giving the ancient surname Durrett a characteristic Norman stamp, structure, and cachet.

Dye, for Deye.

Dyer.

Eames. Ames.

Edmonds, or Edmunds.

Egerton.

Eckert.

Eliot.

Ellis, or Alis, from Alis near Pont de l'Arche. The sensational duel between Major Thomas Marshall and Captain Charles Mitchell was fought upon the place of Mr. Washington Ellis, near Maysville, Ky. It has been well described by Dr. Anderson Nelson Ellis, his son, an accomplished writer and physician.

Ellison.

Emet, or Emmett, from Amiot, Normandy.

English, or Inglis; families of this name are all Norman. England is another form of Anglicus.

Eve, or Ives.

Everett, from Evreux. (Normandy.)

Fail, for Faiel, Fales. William Faiel, Normandy, 1180. Reginald Fale, England, 1272.

Faint for Fant.

Falconer, or Falkner.

Farish, or Fariss or Ferris.

Farley, or Varley.

Farrer, armorially identified with Ferrers of Bere. Ferrers, Farrow, the same. A large family, well and widely connected in Virginia and Kentucky. Archdeacon Farrer is of the same gens. The name is variously spelled Farrer, Farrow, Farra, Farrers.

Faulconer, for Falconer; also Faulkner.

Fell, Fayle, or Fail, Fales.

Fickling.

Field. Richard de la Felda is mentioned in Normandy, temp. John (Mem. Soc. Ant. Norm. V. 126). Burke (Landed Gentry) states under the head De la Field that this family was originally seated in Alsace near the Vosges Mountains. The author of "The Norman People" says the name embraces both English and Norman families. Pierce's great two-volume "Genealogy" (profusely illustrated) exhibits the prodigious growth in America, including such names as Cyrus Field, Justice Field, Marshall Field, and Judge Curtis Field. The Kentucky Fields were connected by marriage with the Clays of Bourbon. Pierce's genealogy gives very pleasing views of "Auvergne," the home of the Field-Clays. This estate was inherited by Hon. Cassius M. Clay, Jr., of Bourbon. Henry Field (Eng. 1611) came to Virginia in 1635. Lieutenant Henry Field, Culpeper County, Virginia, married Ann Lightfoot, May, 1771. His will made November 19, 1777. His daughter, Judith Field, married Francis Taylor, of Maryland, in Louisville, Ky., February 14, 1774. Francis Taylor studied law with Judge Sebastian in Louisville. Lucretia, a daughter of Francis and Judith Taylor, married Captain James B. Robinson. The Fields family of Tennessee (afterward of Kentucky) are now in the North, the brothers James and Henry being conspicuous in the management of important steel and iron trusts. Their sister, Mrs. Charles D. Lanier, is a resident of New York City. Her husband (a son of the famous Southern poet) is now at the head of "The Review of Reviews."

Fillpot or Philpot, from Philipot, diminutive of Philip.

Finch.

Finney.

Fisher.

Fisk, or Fyska.

Fitch, or Fitz.

Fitzgerald.

Flanders, or Flamders. Common in England after the Conquest.

Fleet.

Fleming. The Flemings of Fleming are derived from the Flemings of Virginia.

Fleming. The Flemings of "Wigton" came from Flanders in the train of William the Conqueror. Sir Thomas Fleming came to Virginia in 1626. Colonel John Fleming (another Wigtonshire Fleming) came from Virginia to Kentucky in 1790. His grandson, John Donaldson Fleming, was also a pioneer and served with marked efficiency as United States District Attorney for Colorado.

Fletcher.

Flowers.

Foakes, or Fowkes.

Foley.

Folk. Governor of Missouri. A political leader of distinction.

Follett.

Force, de Forz.

Foreman, or Forman for Fairman. The Forman family of Kentucky (local pronunciation Fur-man) forms one of the largest and most influential connections in the State. They are Scandinavians of a high type.

Forrest.

Forrester.

Forster, or Foster. James Lane Allen was a Foster in the maternal line.

Fountain, de Fonte.

Fowke, Gerard, a Kentuckian, directed the later Horsford Excavations at Cambridge. He is a descendant of the "Elizabethan" Fowke, a Virginian pioneer. His latest paper described his explorations of the Lower Amur Valley. It was a cold trail, but the story is one of singular interest.

Fowkes, or Fowke. See Foakes.

Fowler.

Fox, or Reinard. The Norman name was translated in England after the Conquest, being previously Rainer, Renard, etc. The celebrated Fox family of England was derived from Le Fox, Normandy. Renard de Douvres is familiarly known in Kentucky as "Fox of Dover." The Fox family of Dover are descendants of a wealthy Virginian, Arthur Fox, distinguished among the pioneer citizens of the State. Judge Fountain Fox of Boyle and the Southern novelist, John Fox, were doubtless derived from the same Anglo-Norman stock.

Francis, Governor of Missouri; Organizer of the World's Fair in commemoration of the Louisiana Purchase.

Frazee, Fraser, Frazier, Fraize, a loc. n. in France. Fr. Fraiseur. From fraiser, to fortify with stakes. Samuel Frazee, a revolutionary soldier, came to Madison County, Ky., in 1792. Progenitor of a large and prominent family in the State. Doctor Lewis J. Frazee, of Louisville, was author of "A Medical Student, Europe," a mid-century publication.

Freyer, or Frier. (Old Norse.) Armorially identified in Normandy with Frere. Ansgot Frater, of Normandy, 1198. In England, 1326.

Gaines.

Gairdner, or Gardner (C. Jardinier).

Gambier.

Gamble.

Garland.

Garrard, for Gerard; Ralph and William Gerard, Normandy, 1180-95. Twenty-six of the name in England, 1272.

Garratt. Roger and William Garrett, of Normandy, 1180.

Garrett.

Gaskin.

Gaskins.

Gates.

Gault.

Gay. Ralph Gai, Normandy, 1180. Robert de Gay, a benefactor to Osney, Oxford.

Geary, or Gery, Normandy, 1165. William de Gueri. Of this name are the baronets Geary.

Gentry, Chantry. From Chaintre, near Macon.

Gibbon, or Gibbons.

Gibbs.

Gibson.

Gilbert.

Gill, Gille or Giles.

Gillman.

Gilpin, Galopin.

Glen, or Glenn.

Goble, for Gobel.

Goddard.

Godfrey.

Goggin, or Gogin, Normandy, 1195; England, 1272. William L. Goggin was a mid-century Governor of Virginia. Lucien B. Goggin, his brother, was a prominent citizen of Kentucky. This ancient surname is distinctly traceable by record from Normandy to England; from England to Virginia; from Virginia to Kentucky. And this is but one out of many names, officially recorded in Normandy, that reappear, hundreds of years afterward, in Kentucky.

Goode.

Gooding.

Goodman.

Gordon, or Berwick (Anglo-Norman, also a Celtic clan name).

Goring.

Gosling.

Gossett.

Gowan.

Graham, in all the early records of England, means Grantham in Lincoln. William de Graham, who settled in Scotland, came from Grantham. Ralph, hereditary chamberlain of Normandy, had two grandsons—(1) Rabel, ancestor of the Chamberlains of Normandy. (2) William de Graham, ancestor of Montrose and Dundee.

Grand, Le Grant, Grand; Scottish Grants are Celtic.

Graves.

Gray, Greey or Grey. From Gray, Normandy, near Caen.

Grenfell. Recalling the name of the gallant Englishman that rode with Morgan.

Gresham.

Gunn. William de Gons, Normandy, 1280. William Gun, England, 1272. Dennis Gunn, Kentucky, 1870.

Gurney, from De Gournay.

Gurdon, from Gourdon, near Calais.

Hailie, for Hailly or D'Aily.

Haines. From Haisne, near Arras.

Haley, for Hailey.

Haley, for Hailey. Percy Haley is notably Anglo-Norman.

Hall.

Halliday, or Holliday. Recalls the famous Overland Route.

Halliday, from Halyday, Normandy. A name historically associated in America with the great Overland Route, as is also Blanchard (q.v.). Benjamin Holliday, William Blanchard, and Judge Thomas A. Marshall (President of the Central Pacific) were Kentuckians born within a few miles of each other, near the northern border of the State. All pioneers of Scandinavian blood.

Halsey.

Ham. From the Castle of Ham, Normandy. William du Ham, Normandy, 1180. William de Ham, England, 1272.

Hamer. Heirmir, the name of a jarl. It was that stout fighter, General Hamer, who sent Ulysses Grant to West Point.

Hamilton. A well-known family in Kentucky.

Hamilton. Gilbert de Hamelden had estates in Surrey, holding his lands from the Honour of Huntingdon, and, therefore, from the Kings of Scotland (1254). His elder son, Walter, was one of the Barons of Scotland, and held the barony of Hamilton. The family dates from Normandy, 1130. The most illustrious descendant of this noble Scottish family was an American—Alexander Hamilton—who, according to that very eminent authority, Prince Talleyrand, "was the greatest man of his epoch," an epoch illustrated by such names as Napoleon and Washington—his greatness consisting peculiarly in this, that he was not only variously gifted—soldier, scholar, orator, administrator, political philosopher and financier, but, like William of Normandy, he was a creative or constructive statesman, and his mother, like the Maiden of Falaise, was a daughter of France. In a brilliant and powerful work descriptive of his life, he is fitly styled the "Conqueror," and an American Senator, writing upon the same lines, adopts practically the same views. The discussion in both instances is conducted with perfect frankness and in perfect taste. In a speech at the recent Home-Coming in Louisville, an eloquent Kentuckian made felicitous reference to a similar instance in which (it was alleged) destiny (or subterranean tradition) had assigned to a daughter of the people the same illustrious rôle. Whatever the facts, there is a philosophy that rises above conventions; precisely as if it should say—"In the higher planes of life, the conceptions of social evolution are sometimes predestinated and immaculate." Who knows? Thus much at least may be conceded to the maiden of the wilderness, to the daughter of the tropics, and to the Maiden of Falaise, that no three women who have figured in profane history as the mothers of great men have more profoundly affected the destinies of the English or Anglo-Norman race.

Hampden.

Hampton. Norman-French. De Hantona.

Hancock. Hancoc or Hencot—These names were gradually changed to Hancock.

Hanks. According to Lower, an old Cheshire "nick"-name of Randolph. The name Randolph has given rise to many "diminutives," as Rankin, Randolph, Randy, Ranson, Hankin, Hankey, Hanks, resembling in this respect the prolific "Peter" (q.v.). In the struggle for existence the monosyllabic "Hanks" has survived to share the distinction of the original surname. To have been borne by the mother of Lincoln is quite enough to render it illustrious for all time. A contemporary said of her that "she was a woman of superior natural endowments of mind and of great amiability and kindness of heart. She was always gentle, always kind, but far more energetic than her husband. She was quick-witted, with a great relish for the humorous and a keen appreciation of fun." Her husband generously described her occasional "complaints" as "chirping"—a gracious felicity of speech. Whatever the wit and charm of the woman, there was certainly humor, with tenderness and imagination, in the man.

Abraham Lincoln was born in Hardin County, Ky., in February, 1809, three and a half years after the marriage of his father and mother. She died in October, 1818. She was buried near the present site of Lincoln City, and lay for many years in an unmarked grave. A "sculptured monument" now marks the spot. It is a beautiful shaft of white marble and bears the impressive legend: "Beneath this shaft lies in peace all that is mortal of Nancy Lincoln, mother of Abraham Lincoln, the sixteenth President of the United States."

Hanson, Hausen (Scand).

Harben (Norman) or Harbin, de Harpin: Harbinson.

Harcourt. The Earls of Harcourt were descended from Bernard, "the Dane," who was chief counselor and second in command to Rollo or Rolf in his invasion of Neustria, 875, and received for his services a chateau ("Harcourt") near Brionne in France. Robert de Harcourt attended William the Conqueror to the Conquest of England. "Harcourt" is notably a name of "high life."

Harden, or Hardin. Walter Hardin, a true Norman name.

Hardin. Ben Hardin, the great Kentucky lawyer, on one occasion when traveling the circuit breakfasted with his kinsman, Major Barbour, a prominent citizen of a pious community. Mrs. Barbour, who had little taste for the profane writers, but read her Bible daily, was truly a mother in Israel; and was as hospitable to sinners as to saints. The problem before the venerable hostess was to make the conversation interesting to the great lawyer. Roosevelt and the Kaiser were not at the front in those days, and the conversation naturally flagged; but the old lady soon found a satisfactory substitute for the great modern rulers, and turned suddenly upon her imposing kinsman with the query, "Benjamin, what do you think of Solomon?" Ben had evidently studied the subject, for he answered instantly, "Solomon, madam, was a magnificent damned scoundrel."

Hardin, Hardinge, D. B. Harding, Hardingus, Hardine. In old Norse, Haddingjar. Harden for Ardern or Hardern. Ralph de Ardern was Lord of Bracebridge. The family of Arden or Ardern (with aspirate, Harden) was Norman and went to England in 1066. Bernard "the Dane" was Regent of Normandy, 940.

Harden, for Hardern or Ardern; or Arden with aspirate.

Hardy.

Harris, for Heris, Normandy. Harsee, Normandy, 1198.

Harris, for Heriz. Ralph Heriz, Normandy, 1180-'95. Ivo de Heriz, England, 1130.

Harrison. Philip and Gilbert Heriçon, Normandy, 1180. Henry Harsent, England, 1272. In Virginia, a great name.

(1) The famous French economist, Michel Chevalier, traveled in the United States in 1835. He says in one of his Lettres that he remarked at the table of the hotel a man of about 60 years of age who had the lively air and alert carriage of a youth. He was impressed by the amenity of his manners and by a certain air of command which peered even through his "linsey" habit. This, he learned, was the distinguished American general, Harrison, victor in the Battle of the Thames, one of the two very celebrated battles of the war, the other being the Battle of Tippecanoe. If a "Norman" battle was ever fought upon this continent, it was the Battle of the Thames. It might have recalled to the Conqueror his own baptism of fire. On the eve of battle the American commander changed his plans. Having learned that Colonel James Johnson's cavalry had been drilled to charge in the woods, he ordered a charge to be made by the mounted Kentuckians upon the British line, which was drawn up in a wooded strip of ground between the river and the swamp. Their artillery was planted in the wagon road which bisected the center of the British line. The column of Kentuckians flanking the artillery was launched upon the right of the Saxon line with irresistible force. Reserving their fire and reversing the movement, they charged the broken and disordered line from the rear, pouring upon it a destructive fire. The victory was complete. Colonel R. M. Johnson charged the Indians in their covert on the left; and it was here, in a close hand-to-hand struggle, that Tecumseh fell, bequeathing a lifelong controversy to his foes. It was ultimately settled, however, in the popular mind by the traditional couplet—

Harrison. Heriçon, Normandy, 1180.

Harrop. La Herupe.

Harrow.

Hart.

Hart. LeCerf, Ralph Cerfus, Normandy, 1180-1198. In England translated into Herte, also Harte.

Harvey, Harvie, Hervey, Herveus, 1198, Normandy. Sire Hervey is mentioned in Piers Plowman. The early pronunciation of Hervey was Harvey. Now, generally pronounced as spelled.

Hatcher.

Haughton.

Hawes. Richard Hawes, Confederate Governor of Kentucky.

Hawkins. From the Manor of Hawkings, Kent, held by Walter Hawkins, 1326. Colonel Tom Hawkins of Kentucky, who fought with Lopez in Cuba, was a typical Anglo-Norman.

Hawley.

Hay, or de la Haye.

Hay, or de la Hey, Hay. Armorially identified with Hayes, from Hayes, near Blois. Vide Desha or Deshayes.

Hayles.

Hayley.

Hayne, or Haynes.

Hearn, from Heron, near Rouen.

Hedge.

Helm. Andrew de Helm, England, 1262. (Normandy, 1198.)

Herd, for Hert, Hart.

Hert.

Hewett, or Hewitt. From Huest or Huet, near Evreux. Also, Hewettson.

Hibberd.

Hickey, Hequet, Normandy.

Hicks.

Higgin, Hequet, Normandy. Higginson.

Hill. The English form of De Morete. For Helle or de Heille, near Beaurais. The family was spread throughout Kent and Surrey.

Himes.

Hitt.

Hoare. Aure from Auray, in Bretagne. Aure, with aspirate, becomes Hoare.

Hogg, or De Hoge. From La Hogue in the Contentin.

Hoghton, Hocton.

Hoide.

Hoile, or Hoyle. Norman Hoel, a familiar name in Kentucky.

Holburd, Halbert, Alberd, Albert.

Holiday, or Holliday. Ben Holliday, forerunner of the Stanfords and Huntingtons.

Holland, de Hoilant, Normandy, 1180.

Holles, for Hollis. Robert de Holis, Normandy, 1198.

Holmes (William der Holme).

Holmes. From Norse Holmer (an islet in a lake). D. B. de Holme, a tenant in chief. William du Holme, 1180-95.

Hood. Norse Udi. Danish Hude. The popular hero, Robin, seems to have been of Scandinavian descent. John Hood, of Kentucky, was pre-eminently a "fighting general." Jesse James was the Robin Hood of our day.

Hooker.

Hooper.

Hord. A Swedish name, borne by a general of Charles XII.

Howel.

Hudson. Hudson of Maysville, an intimate friend of General Grant.

Hughes.

Hulbard. For Hubert.

Humfrey.

Humphry.

Humphrey. Notably a Norman name. As theologians, lawyers, scholars, the Humphreys of Kentucky have sustained the ancient distinction of the name.

Hunt, Le Huant, Normandy, 1198.

Hunter (Venator or Le Veneur).

Hunter. English form of Le Veneur.

Huntley.

Hurt.

Hutchings, or Hutchins, Houchin.

Hyatt (Haytt).

Ingall. For Angall.

Ingle. For Angle.

Inglis, or Anglicus.

Ingram.

Innes (the Baronets Innes).

Ireland (DeHibernis, Normandy, 1180).

Jack. For Jacques; William Jack, England, 172.

Jackson. A name of the family Lascelles.

James. St. James, Normandy.

Janvier. (January.) At least three branches in this country from a common ancestor in France. The name is sometimes anglicized—notably in Missouri and Kentucky.

Jarvis (Gervasius, Normandy, 1180).

Jeffreys (with various forms), Geoffrey, Geoffrey's son, Jefferson. In the home-coming reception Mason and Jefferson hold the extremes of the receiving line.

Jennings, from Genn or Canon, Chanum, Chanon, Chanoun, Jenun, Jenning or Jennings, William Jennings Bryan. Vide Bryan.

Jewell, from Juel or Judæ de Mayenne.

Jewett, or Guet, Normandy, 1180.

Johnson. The Johnsons of Ayscough-Fee, County Lincoln, claim from the house of FitzJohn of Normandy (Guillim's Display of Heraldry). A distinguished name in Maryland, Virginia, and Kentucky.

Johnston is Scandinavian. Probably the most conspicuous and influential Scandinavian in the United States at this time bears that name. He is a native of Scandinavia. The most notable American of that race and name was the Confederate General Albert Sidney Johnston. There are two pictures of him that will live in the popular mind: (1) As he stood, silent and absorbed, beside his camp fire on the night before Shiloh; (2) As he led that dashing and successful charge on the following day. A soldier worthy of his race.

Julian. From St. Julian, Normandy.

Karr.

Kays.

Kerr. Appears to be a branch of the Norman house of Espec. The name is variously given as Kerr, Karr, Carr, Cairo, Carum. Lucien Carr was author of a History of Missouri.

Keats, for Keate. Keats the poet had a brother who lived in Louisville, Ky.

Keats, Keat, Keyt, Kate. In Collins' History, page 557, Vol. 2, the reader notes the following reference to this name—"The most celebrated female school in the West at the time was in Washington, 1807-12; that of Mrs. Louisa Caroline Warburton Fitzherbert Keats, sister of Sir George Fitzherbert, of St. James Square, and wife of Reverend Mr. Keats, a relation of the celebrated poet."—The Keats family of Louisville (closely related to the poet) was conspicuous in the early history of that city. They were connections of the famous Speed family of Kentucky.

Kehoe. (French) Cahot; Cahut; Cayeux, p. n.

Kenney (De Kani, 1198, Normandy).

Kentain, for Kintan or Quentin. Simon Kenton was always known among the plain people as Kinton, though, in early Kentucky statutes, the name is spelled Canton, no doubt as then pronounced, even by "scollards." Kenton, a "place" name near the northeast coast of England. Much of our old Kentucky stock is Northumbrian.

Keith.

Key.

Keyes.

Kimball, for Kemble.

King (Rex de LeRoy, Normandy, 1180).

Kinsey, for Kensey.

Kirk, or Quirk, de Querçu.

Kissill. For Cecil, which is also sometimes Sissell, Knight (Miles or Knight, Normandy).

Knott, for Canot or Canute.

Knott (Danish), Knouth. Norse Knöttr (a ball or knob, as a Knot on oak).

Kydd, or Kidd.

Kyle, or Keyle.

Lacy, or Lacey. A baronial name from Lasey, between Vire and Aulnay. Walter de Lacy was in the battle of Hastings, and Captain Walter Lacy of Kentucky was a soldier in the Mexican War.

Lamb (Robert, Agnus, and Ralph, Normandy, 1180).

Lambton. A Durham family from the Barons of Tarp and Normandy.

Landor, or Lander. From Landers, Burgundy. From this family Walter Landor, the poet.

Larken, Larkin, Largan, Largant, Larcamp, Larkins, Normandy, 1180.

Laurence, Lorenz, Normandy, 1180; also Lawrence.

Lawson, from Loison, Normandy, 1180.

Lee, Leigh, De la Mare. Stephen Lee, the progenitor of the Kentucky Lees, was born in Prince William County, Virginia, and died in Mason County, Kentucky. His first wife—the widow Magruder—was the mother of Priscilla Lee, who married William Botts of Virginia. His second wife died without issue. His third wife was Mrs. Ann Dunn. Her son, Henry, who rose to distinction in the history of Kentucky, was born April 2, 1757. He married Mary Young.

The question is sometimes asked, "How were the descendants of Stephen Lee related to the Lees of the Northern Neck?" Many years ago the writer of this note saw in a collection of old papers made by that able and conscientious antiquary, William D. Hixson,[13] a letter from General Henry Lee of Virginia ("Light-Horse Harry") to General Henry Lee of Kentucky, in which the latter was addressed as "Dear Cousin." The letter was in relation to certain lands in Mason County then owned by a daughter, Priscilla Lee; and was of peculiar interest as confirming the familiar tradition of a connection by blood between the two families of Lee. The name "Lee" is traced by English genealogists to Scandinavia. (Vide sketch of the Lee family in the "Register," by Lucy Coleman Lee.)

Lemon, Lemmus, Normandy, 1180.

Lenard, or Leonard. For Leonard from St. Leonard near Fecamp, Normandy.

Lenney, or Linney, from Launer, Normandy.

Lewis, DeLues or Luiz, Normandy, 1180.

Liddell. From Lydale, on Scottish border; seat of a Norman.

Lile, for Lisle.

Lincoln. Alured de Lincoln came from Normandy with the Conqueror; held a great barony in Lincoln and Bedford. From a collateral branch, it is said—and the branches were numerous—descended the greatest of the "Rulers of Men," Abraham Lincoln.

Lincoln. The following appreciation of the character of Abraham Lincoln is from Paul Bourget's Outre-Mer. The judgment of posterity is probably anticipated in this discriminating characterization by an able foreign writer: "That heroic struggle has left more noble vestiges than the shameful abuse of electoral pensions: the recollection in the first place of a common bravery, the proof that American industrialism has not in the least diminished the energies of the race; again, the legend of Lincoln, of one of those men who by their example alone model after their mind the conscience of an entire country. That personage, so American by the composite character of his individuality, humorous and pathetic at the same time; that politician experienced in all trickeries and nevertheless so capable of idealism and mysticism; that half-educated man who had at times magnificent simplicities of eloquence; that old wood-cutter, his face bitter with disgust, yet luminous with hope, worn out with trials and still so strong; that statesman so close to the people and nevertheless with so broad a vision, remains the most modern of heroes, one whom the United States can boldly place in opposition to a Napoleon, a Cavour, a Bismarck. The South to-day recognizes his greatness as well as the North. He had the luck to be exactly the workman that was needed for the task which he undertook, and to die as soon as that task was achieved. Such circumstances continued form great destinies."

"Abraham Lincoln" (says one of his admiring compatriots) "was an incomparable leader of men. While McClellan and Grant could conduct more or less successfully the operations of a hundred thousand men in the field, it was Abraham Lincoln alone that could keep in hand the vast and turbulent electorate of eighteen Northern States. It was Lincoln's consummate generalship, happily for the South, that held these radical and aggressive elements in check: 'Unus homo nobis cunctando restituit rem.'"

Lindsay, or de Lines. Branch of a baronial Norman house; one of the sovereign families that ruled in Norway till dispossessed by Harold Harfager. The name "Lindsay" is from the Norman seigneury Limesay. There are various branches with armorial identifications pointing to a common origin. Chief Justice Lindsay, of Kentucky, stands in the front rank of Anglo-Norman lawyers.

Lisle.

Littell, or Little. Parvus or Le Petit, Normandy, 1180.

Littleton, or Lytleton.

Lockett, for Lockhart.

Long. Petrus de Longa, Normandy.

Lovell. Louvel, Normandy, 1180.

Lucas. From De Lukes or Luches.

Luckett, for Lockett.

Luke. From St. Luc, near Evreux, Normandy.

Luttrell, Ralph and Robert Lotrel, Normandy, 1180.

Lyle, for Lisle.

Lyon. From Lions, Normandy.

Lyttleton. From Vantort, Maine. Lord Chief Justice Lytleton was of this house.

Machin. From LeMachun or LeMeschun.

Mainwaring. Mesnil, Larin, a well-known Norman family.

Major. Normandy, 1198.

Maltby. (Scandinavian.)

Malby. For Malbiæ, Normandy, 1180.

Man, or Mann.

Manning. From Maignon, Normandy, 1180.

March. From Marchie, Normandy.

Markland. An old Scandinavian name. It was given by Eric in his voyage of exploration (year 1000) to the "wooded" coast of Cape Breton, or Nova Scotia.

Marsh. DeMarisco, Normandy, 1180.