1001 (return)
[ Penthesilea.'—Ver.
2. See the 21st Epistle, 1.118, and the Note.]
1002 (return)
[ Dione.—Ver. 3.
See the Fasti, Book ii. 1. 461, and the Note.]
1003 (return)
[ Son of Atreus.—Ver.
11. 'Helen was unfaithful to Menelaus, while Clytemnestra killed
Agamemnon.]
1004 (return)
[ Son of Oeclus.—Ver.
13. See the Metamorphoses, Book viii. 1. 317, ind the Note.]
1005 (return)
[ From Phylace.—Ver.
17. See the Epistle of Laodamia to Protesilaius.]
1006 (return)
[ Son of Pheres.—Ver.
19. See the Pontic Epistles, Book iii. El. i. L 106, and the Note.]
1007 (return)
[ And in place of—Ver.
20. See the 111th line of the same Elegy, and the Note. Also the Tristia,
Book v. El. xiv. 1. 38.]
1008 (return)
[ My skiff.—Ver.
26. 'Cymba.' See the Amores, Book iii. El. vi. 1. 4, and the Note.]
1009 (return)
[ Another bride.—Ver.
34. Jason deserted Medea for Creusa.]
1010 (return)
[ Nine journies.—Ver.
37. See the Epistle of Phyllis to Demophoon.]
1011 (return)
[ Two treatises.—Ver.
47. His former books on the Art of Love.]
1012 (return)
[ Who before had
uttered.—Ver. 49. He alludes to the Poet Stesichorus, on whose lips
a nightingale was said to have perched and sung, when he was a child.
Pliny relates that he wrote a poem, inveighing bitterly against Helen, in
which he called her the firebrand of Troy, on which he was visited with
blindness by her brothers, Castor and Pollux, and did not recover his
sight till he had recanted in his Palinodia, which he composed in her
praise. Suidas says, that Stesichorus composed thirty, six books of Poems.
Helen was born at Therapnæ, a town of Laconia.]
1013 (return)
[ Your own privileges.—Ver.
58. 'Sua' seems to mean the privileges sanctioned and conceded by the law,
probably to those females who were in the number of the 'professae.']
1014 (return)
[ No door.—Ver.
71. So Horace says, in his address to Lydia, Book i. Ode i. 25; 'Less
frequently do the wanton youths shake your joined windows with many a
blow, and no longer deprive thee of sleep, and the door adheres to its
threshold.']
1015 (return)
[ Bestrewed with roses.—Ver.
72. See line 528: in the last Book Lucretius speaks of the admirers of
damsels anointing their doors with M ointment made of sweet marjoram.]
1016 (return)
[ Hermione.—Ver.
86. According to Hesiod, Venus was the mother of three children by Mars,
of whom Hermione was one.]
1017 (return)
[ May take up again.—Ver.
96. This is not the proper translation, of the passage; but the real
meaning cannot be presented with a due regard to decorum.]
1018 (return)
[ I begin with dress.—Ver.
101. He plays upon the different meanings of the word 'cultus'; which
means either 'dress,' or 'cultivation,' according as it is applied, to
persons or land.]
1019 (return)
[ A great part.—Ver.
104. This is a more ungallant remark than we should have expected Ovid to
make.]
1020 (return)
[ Of Phoebus.—Ver.
119. He alludes to the temple of Apollo, on the Palatine Hill, where
Augustus and Tiberius resided.]
1021 (return)
[ And choice shells.—Ver.
124. He alludes to pearls which grow in the shell of the pearl oyster, and
are found in the Persian Gulf and the Indian Ocean.]
1022 (return)
[ By the moles.—Ver.
126. He alludes to the stupendous moles which the Romans fabricated, as
breakwaters, at their various bathing-places on the coast of Italy. See
the Odes of Horace, Book iii. ode 1.]
1023 (return)
[ Round features.—Ver.
139. See the Pontic Epistles, Book iii Ep. iii. 1. 15, and the Note.]
1024 (return)
[ Figure of the
tortoise.—Ver. 147. Salmasius thinks that the 'galerus,' or 'wig of
false hair,' is alluded to in this passage. Others think that a coif or
fillet of net-work is alluded to. He probably means a mode of dressing the
hair in the shape of a lyre, with horns on each side projecting outwards.
Mercury, the inventor of the lyre, was born on Mount Cyllene, in Arcadia.]
1025 (return)
[ The waves.—Ver.
148. Juvenal mentions a mode of dressing the hair to a great height by
rows of false curls.]
1026 (return)
[ The herbs from
Germany.—Ver. 163. He alludes, probably, to herbs brought from
Germany, which were burnt for the purpose of making a soap used in turning
the hair of a blonde colour. See the Amores, Book i. El. xiv. 1. 1, and
the Note.]
1027 (return)
[ For money—Ver.
166. See 1. 45 of the above Elegy.]
1028 (return)
[ The eyes of Hercules.—Ver.
168. He means that the wig-makers'shops were in the neighbourhood of the
Temple of Hercules Musagetes, in the Flaminian Circus. See the Sixth Book
of the Fasti, 1. 801.]
1029 (return)
[ Gold flounces.—Ver.
169. 'Segmenta' are probably broad flounces to the dresses inlaid with
plates of gold, or gold threads embroidered on them.]
1030 (return)
[ On one's person.—Ver.
127. Like our expression, 'To carry a fortune on one's back.']
1031 (return)
[ That art said.—Ver.
175. He refers to the colour of the Ram with the Golden Fleece, that bore
Helle and Phryxus over the Hellespont.]
1032 (return)
[ Resembles the waves.—Ver.
177. He evidently alluded to dresses which resemble the surface of the
waves, and which we term 'watered'; and which the Romans called
'undulatae,' from 'unda,' a 'wave.' Varro makes mention of 'undulatæ
togæ.' Some Commentators, however, fancy that he alludes here to colour,
meaning 'glaucus,' or 'sea-green,' which Lucretius also calls '
thalassinus.']
1033 (return)
[ Amaryllis.—Ver.
183. See the last Book, 1. 267, and the Note.]
1034 (return)
[ And wax.—Ver.
184. Plautus mentions the 'Carinarii,' who dyed garments of a waxen, or
yellow colour]
1035 (return)
[ Seriphos.—Ver.
192. See the Metamorphoses, Book v. 1. 242, and the Note.]
1036 (return)
[ Shocking goat.—Ver.
193. See the Note to 1. 522: of the First Book.]
1037 (return)
[ Application of wax.—Ver.
199. Wax is certainly used as a cosmetic, but 'creta' seems to be a
preferable reading, as chalk in a powdered state was much used for adding
to the fairness of the complexion. Ovid would hardly recommend a cosmetic
of so highly injurious a tendency as melted wax.]
1038 (return)
[ The eye-brows.—Ver.
201. We learn from Juvenal, that the colour of them was heightened by
punctures with a needle being filled with soot.]
1039 (return)
[ And the little patch.—Ver.
202. 'Aluta' means 'skin made soft by means of alum.' It is difficult to
discover what it means here, whether 'a patch' made of a substance like
gold-beater's skin, somewhat similar to those used in the days of the
Spectator; or a liquid cosmetic, such as Pliny calls 'calliblepharum,' 'an
aid to the eye-brows.' He seems to use the word 'sinceras' in its
primitive sense, 'without wax'; which recommendation certainly would
contradict the common reading, 'cera,' in the 199th line.]
1040 (return)
[ To mark the eyes.—Ver.
203. To heighten the colour of the eyelashes, ashes (and probably
charcoal) were u»ed by the Roman women. Saffron also was used. A black
paint, made of pulverized antimony, is used by the women in the East, at
the present day, to paint their eyebrows black. It is called 'surme,' and
was also used at ancient Rome. Cydnus was a river of Cilicia.]
1041 (return)
[ A little treatise.—Ver.
205. He alludes to his book, 'On the care of the Complexion,' of which a
fragment remains.]
1042 (return)
[ Of the cesypum.—Ver.
213. The filthy cosmetic called 'cesypum,' was prepared from the wool of
those parts of the body where the sheep perspired most; it was much used
for embellishing the complexion. Pliny mentions the sheep of Athens as
producing the best. It had a strong rank smell. The red colour, which was
used by the Roman ladies for giving a bloom to the skin, was prepared from
a moss called 'fucus'; from which, in time, all kinds of paint received
the name of 'fucus.']
1043 (return)
[ Of the deer.—Ver.
215. Pliny speaks highly of the virtues of stag's marrow. It probably
occupied much the same position in estimation, that bear's grease does at
the present day.]
1044 (return)
[ Myron.—Ver.
219. There were two sculptors of this name: one a native of Lycia, the
other of Eleuthera.]
1045 (return)
[ Beautiful statue.—Ver.
223. He alludes to that of Venus Anadyomene, or rising from the sea, which
was made by Praxiteles, and was often copied by the sculptors of Greece
and Rome.]
1046 (return)
[ Pierces her arms.—Ver.
240. See a similar passage in the Amores. Book i. El. xiv. 1. 16.]
1047 (return)
[ Toilet in the temple.—Ver.
244. He tells those who have not fine heads of hair, to be as careful in
admitting any men to see their toilet, as the devotees of Bona Dea were to
keep away all males from her solemnities.]
1048 (return)
[ Sidonian fair.—Ver.
252. Europa was a Phoenician by birth.]
1049 (return)
[ With the clothes.—Ver.
226. See the Amores, Book i. El. iv. 1.48, and the Note.]
1050 (return)
[ With purple stripes.'—Ver.
269. Commentators are at a loss to know what 'tingere virgis' means; some
suggest, 'to wear garments with red 'virgæ,' or 'stripes,'while others
think that it means 'to tint the skin with fine lines of a purple colour.'
It is thought by some that vermilion is here alluded to, while others
suppose that the juice of the red flowers, or berries of the 'vaccinium,'
is meant.]
1051 (return)
[ The Pharian fish.—Ver.
270. The intestines and dung of the crocodile, 'the Pharian' or 'Egyptian
fish,' are here referred to. We learn from Pliny that these substances
were used by the females at Rome as a cosmetic, to add to the fairness of
the complexion, and to take away freckles from the skin.]
1052 (return)
[ Small pads are
suitable.—Ver. 273 'Analectides,' or 'Analectrides,' (the correct
reading is doubtful) were pads, or stuffings, of flock, used in cases of
high shoulders or prominent shoulder-blades.]
1053 (return)
[ And let the girth.—Ver.
274. He alludes to the 'strophium,' which distantly resembled the stays of
the present day, and was a girdle, or belt, worn by women round the breast
and over the interior tunic or chemise. From an Epigram of Martial, it
seems to have been usually made of leather. Becker thinks that there was a
difference between the 'fascia' and the 'strophium.']
1054 (return)
[ At a distance.—Ver.
278. One of the very wisest of his suggestions.]
1055 (return)
[ Umbrian.—Ver.
303. The Umbrians were a people of the Marsi, in the north of Italy. They
were noted for their courage, and the rusticity of their manners.]
1056 (return)
[ The son of Sisyphus.—Ver.
313. He here alludes to a scandalous story among the ancients, that
Ulysses was the son of Anticlea, by Sisyphus the robber, who had carried
her off, and not by Laertes, her husband.]
1057 (return)
[ The wax.—Ver.
314. By the advice of Circe, Ulysses filled the ears of his companions
with melted wax, that they might not hear the songs of the Sirens.]
1058 (return)
[ The measures of the
Nile.—Ver. 318. These airs were sung by Egyptian girls, with
voluptuous attitudes, and were much esteemed by the dissolute Romans.
These Egyptian singers were, no doubt, the forerunners of the 'Alme' of
Egypt at the present day. The Nautch girls and Bayaderes of the East
Indies are a kindred race.]
1059 (return)
[ Plectrum.—Ver.
319. See the Metamorphoses, Book ii. 1. 601, and the Note; also the
Epistle of Briseïs, 1. 118, and the Note.]
1060 (return)
[ Thy mother.—Ver.
323. Amphion and Zethuswere the sons of Jupiter and Antiope. Being carried
off by her uncle Lycus, Antiope was entrusted to his wife Dirce. When her
sons grew up, they fastened Dirce to wild oxen, by which she was tom to
pieces. Amphion was said to have built the walls of Thebes by the sound of
his lyre.]
1061 (return)
[ Arion.—Ver.
326. See the Fasti, Book ii. 1. 79.]
1062 (return)
[ The festive psaltery.—Ver.
327. Suidas tells us that 'naulium,' or 'nablium,' was a name of the
psaltery. Josephus says that it had twelve strings. Strabo remarks that
the name was of foreign origin.]
1063 (return)
[ Callimachus.—Ver.
329. See the Amores, Book ii. El. iv. 1. 19: and the Pontic Epistles, Book
iv. Ep. xvi. 1. 32, and the Notes of the passages.]
1064 (return)
[ Poet of Cos.—Ver.
330. The poet Philetas. He flourished in the time of Philip and Alexander
the Great. Anacreon was a lyric poet of Teios, and a great admirer of the
juice of the grape.]
1065 (return)
[ Or him, through whom.—Ver.
332. Some think that he means Menander, from whom Terence borrowed many of
his scenes; he probably alludes to the Phormio of Terence, where the old
men, Chremes and Demipho, are deceived by Geta, the cunning slave. See the
Tristia, Book ii. 1. 359: and 69.]
1066 (return)
[ Propertius.'—Ver.
333. See the Tristia, Book ii. 1. 465, and the Note.]
1067 (return)
[ Tibullus.—Ver.
334. See the Amores, Book iii. EL ix.]
1068 (return)
[ Varro.—Ver.
335. See the Pontic Epistles, Book iv. Ep. xvi. 1. 21; and the Amores,
Book i. El. xv. 1. 21, and the Notes to the passages.]
1069 (return)
[ Lofty Rome.—Ver.
338. He refers here to the Æneid of Virgil.]
1070 (return)
[ Two sides.—Ver.
342. Both the males and the females.]
1071 (return)
[ Composition.—Ver.
346. He takes to himself the credit of being the inventor of Epistolary
composition.]
1072 (return)
[ Masters of posture.—Ver.
351. These persons, who were also called 'ludii,' or 'histrlones,'
required great suppleness of the sides, for the purpose of aptly assuming
expressive attitudes; for which reason he calls them 'artifices lateris.'
See the First Book, 1. 112; and the Tristia, Book ii, 1. 497, and the
Note.]
1073 (return)
[ Which she must call
for.—Ver. 356. Probably at the game of 'duodecim seripta,' or
'twelve points,' like our backgammon; sets of three 'tesseræ,' or dice,
were used for throwing; he recommends her to learn the game, and to know
on what points to enter when taken up, and what throws to call for. See
the last Book, 1. 203; and the Tristia, Book ii. 1. 473, and the Note.]
1074 (return)
[ The pieces.—Ver.
357. See the Note to 1. 207, in the last Book.]
1075 (return)
[ The warrior, too.—Ver.
359. He alludes to one of the principal pieces, whose fate depends upon
another.]
1076 (return)
[ Let the smooth balls.—Ver.
361. He seems to allude here to a game played by putting marbles (which
seems to be the meaning of 'pilæ leves,' 'smooth balls,') into a net with
the month open, and then taking them out one by one without moving any of
the others.]
1077 (return)
[ Kind of game.—Ver.
363. These two lines do not seem to be connected with the game mentioned
in 1. 365, but rather to refer to that mentioned in 1. 355.]
1078 (return)
[ A little table
receives.}—Ver. 365. This game is mentioned in the Tristia, Book ii.
1. 481. It seems to resemble the simple game played by schoolboys on the
slate, and known among them as tit-tat-to.]
1079 (return)
[ No trusting.—Ver.
377. On account of the continued run of bad luck.]
1080 (return)
[ Flying ball.'—Ver.
380. See the Tristia, Book ii. 1. 485-6, and the Note.]
1081 (return)
[ The Virgin.—Ver.
385. This was near the Campus Martius. See the Fasti, Book i. 1. 464; and
the Pontic Epistles, Book i. Ep. viii. 1. 38, and the Note.]
1082 (return)
[ Etrurian.—Ver.
386. The Tiber flowed through ancient Etruria.]
1083 (return)
[ The Virgin.—Ver.
388. He alludes to the heat while the sun is passing through the
Constellation Virgo.]
1084 (return)
[ Parætonium.—Ver.
390. See the Amores, Book ii. El. xiii. 1. 7, and the Note. He alludes to
the victory of Augustus over Antony and Cleopatra, at Actium; on which the
conqueror built the temple of Apollo on the Palatine hill.]
1085 (return)
[ The suter and the
wife.—Ver. 391. Livia, the wife, and Octavia, the sister of
Augustus, are referred to.]
1086 (return)
[ His son-in-law.—Ver.
392. The allusion is to M. Agrippa, the husband of Julia, the daughter of
Augustus; after the defeat of the younger Pompey, Augustus presented him
with a naval crown. A Portico built by Augustus was called by his name.]
1087 (return)
[ Memphian heifer.—Ver.
393. See the Amores, Book i. El. viii. 1. 74.]
1088 (return)
[ Frequent the three
Theatres.—Ver. 394. He probably alludes to the theatres of Pompey,
Balbus, and Marcellus, as they are mentioned by Suetonius as the 'trina
theatra.']
1089 (return)
[ Glowing wheels.—Ver.
396. See the Amores, Book iii. El. ii.]
1090 (return)
[ Thamyras.—Ver.
399. He was a Thracian poet, who challenged the Muses to sing, and,
according to Homer, was punished with madness. Diodorus Siculus says that
he lost his voice, while the Roman poets state that he lost his sight.
Amoebeus was a famous lute-player of Athens.]
1091 (return)
[ Of Cos.—Ver.
401. See the Pontic Epistles, Book iv. Ep. i. 1. 29.]
1092 (return)
[ Poets were.—Ver.
405. Euripides was the guest of Archelaüs king of Macedonia, Anacreon of
Polycrates king of Samos, and Pindar and Bacchilides of Hiero king of
Sicily.]
1093 (return)
[ Placed near to thee.—Ver.
410. According to some accounts, the ashes of Ennius were deposited in the
tomb of the Scipios, by the older of his friend Scipio Africanus.]
1094 (return)
[ Its own Priam.—Ver.
440. Priam and Antenor advised that Helen should be restored to Menelaus.]
1095 (return)
[ Liquid nard.—Ver.
443. There were two kinds of nard, the 'foliated,' and the 'spike' nard.
It was much esteemed as a perfume by the Romans.]
1096 (return)
[ Narrow belt.—Ver.
444. He probably means a girdle that fitted tightly, and caused the 'toga'
to set in many creases. See the Notes to the Fasti, Book v. 1. 675.]
1097 (return)
[ And many a ring.—Ver.
446. 'alter et alter.' Literally, one and another.]
1098 (return)
[ Some thief.—Ver.
447. Among its other refinements, Rome seems to have had its swell mob.]
1099 (return)
[ Thou, Venus—Ver.
451. This temple is referred to in the First Book, 1. 81—87. Its
vicinity was much frequented by courtesans.]
1101 (return)
[ You, ye Goddesses.—Ver.
452. He probably alludes to the Nymphs whose statues were near the Appian
aqueduct, mentioned in the 81st Une of the First Book. The Delphin Editor
absolutely thinks that the 'pro-fessæ,' or courtesans, are themselves
alluded to as the 'Appiades Deæ.']
1102 (return)
[ Theseus.—Ver.
457. Who deserted Ariadne.]
1103 (return)
[ Of Inachus.—Ver.
464. Isis, or To. Seo the Metamorphoses, Bk. i.]
1104 (return)
[ To deceive your
husbands.—Ver. 484. It is not improbable that 'viros' here means
merely 'keepers,' and not 'husbands,' especially as he alludes to their
being without the privilege of the 'vitta,' which the matrons wore.]
1105 (return)
[ Two hands.—Ver.
496. He means, that the writing of the lover must be quite erased before
she pens her answer on the same tablets.]
1106 (return)
[ Hence, avaunt.—Ver.
505. See the Fasti, Book vi. 1. 696. * Laying aside his foils.—Ver.
515. The 'rudis' was a stick, which soldiers and persons exercising used
in mimic combat, probably like our foil or singlestick.]
1107 (return)
[ With Tecmessa.—Ver.
517. She was taken captive by Ajax, and probably had good reason to be
sorrowful.]
1108 (return)
[ The twig of vine.—Ver.
527. He alludes to the Centurions, who had the power of inflicting
corporal punishment, from which circumstance their badge of office was a
vine sapling.]
1109 (return)
[ Nemesis.—Ver.
536. Nemesis was the mistress of Tibullus. See the Amores, Book iii. El.
ix. Cynthia was the mistress of Propertius and Lycoris of Gallus.]
1110 (return)
[ Shut your door.—Ver.
587. He addresses the husband, whom he supposes to be wearied with
satiety.]
1111 (return)
[ Than even Thais.—Ver.
604. Thais seems to have been a common name with the courtesans of ancient
times. Terence, in his Eunuchus, introduces one of that name, who is
pretty much of the free and unrestrained character here depicted.]
1112 (return)
[ Lictor's rod.—Ver.
615. This conferred freedom on the slave who was touched with it. See the
Fasti, Book vi. 1. 676, and the Note, lie means, that free-born women are
worthy to become wives; but 'libertinæ,' or 'freed-women,' are only fit to
become 'professæ,' or 'courtesans,' when they may sin with impunity, so
far as the laws are concerned.]
1113 (return)
[ Broad girth.—Ver.
622. This seems to be the kind of belt mentioned in line 274.]
1114 (return)
[ Stalk of wetted flax.—Ver.
629. According to the common reading, this will mean that the letter is to
be written on blank paper, with a stalk of wetted flax; which writing will
afterwards appear, when a black substance is thrown upon it. Heinsius
insists that the passage is corrupt, and suggests that 'alumine nitri' is
the correct reading; in which case it would mean that alum water is to be
used instead of ink. Vessius tells us that alum water, mixed with the
juice of the plant 'tithymalum,' was used for the purposes of secret
correspondence.]
1115 (return)
[ Good Goddess.—Ver.
637. The debauched Clodius was detected as being present at these rites,
in a female dress.]
1116 (return)
[ The false key, too,
tells.—Ver. 643. He plays upon the double meaning of the words,
'adultéra clavis,' which properly signifies 'a false key.']
1117 (return)
[ Even though.—Ver.
646. 'Even though you should have to go to the expense of providing the
rich wines of Spain for the purpose.']
1118 (return)
[ Even she.—Ver.
663. He alludes to the accommodating lady mentioned in line 641.]
1119 (return)
[ Has she filled.—Ver.
666. See his address to Cypassis, in the Amores, Book ii. El. viii.]
1120 (return)
[ Lemnian dames.—Ver.
672. See the introduction to the Epistle from Hypsipyle to Jason.]
1121 (return)
[ Cephaltis.—Ver.
695. This story is also related in the Seventh Book of the Metamorphoses.]
1122 (return)
[ The quinces.—Ver.
705. These are called 'cydonia,' from Cydon, city of Crete.]
1123 (return)
[ Cyllenian God.—Ver.
725. Cephalus was said to be the son of Mercury; but, according to one
account, which is followed by Ovid in the Metamorphoses, Deioneus was his
father.]
1124 (return)
[ Her breath.—Ver.
746. See the corresponding passage in the Metamorphoses, Book vii. 1. 861.
It was the custom for the nearest relative to catch the breath of the
dying person in the mouth.]
1125 (return)
[ With your fingers.—Ver.
755.. Perhaps he means in moderato quantities at a time, and not in whole
handfuls. See the Note to the First Book, 1. 577.]
1126 (return)
[ And do not first.—Ver.
757. He seems to irs two precepts here; first, they are not to eat so much
at home as to take away all appetite at the banquet, as that would savour
of affectation, and be an act of rudeness to the host. On the other hand,
he warns them not to stuff as long as they are able, but rather to leave
off with an appetite. The passage, however, is hopelessly corrupt, and is
capable of other interpretations.]
1127 (return)
[ Perform their duty.—Ver.
764. 'Constent,' literally. 'Will stand together.']
1128 (return)
[ The swans.—Ver.
899. He also alludes to them in the Metamorphoses, as drawing the car of
Venus, though that office was more generally assigned by the Poets to
doves.]