| English. | Fall-Indian of Umfreville. | Ahnenin. | Minetare. |
| eye | nunnecsoon | araythya | ishtah. |
| knife | warth | wahata | matzee. |
| pipe | pechouon | einpssah | eekeepee. |
| tobacco | cheesouon | kitchtawan | owpai. |
| dog | hudther | ahttah | matshuga. |
| fire | usitter | —— | beerais. |
| bow | bart | —— | beerahhah. |
| arrow | utcee | —— | eetan. |
| one | karci | —— | lemoisso. |
| two | neece | nethiyau | noopah. |
| three | narce | —— | namee. |
| four | nean | yahnayau | topah. |
| five | yautune | —— | cheehoh. |
| six | neteartuce | —— | acamai. |
| seven | nesartuce | —— | chappo. |
| eight | narswartuce | —— | nopuppee. |
| nine | anharbetwartuce | —— | nowassappai. |
| ten | mettartuce | netassa | peeraga. |
The Ahnenin language, without being at present referable
to any recognized group, has numerous miscellaneous affinities.
| English | God. |
|---|
| Ahnenin | esis—sun. |
| Sheshatapoosh | shayshoursh. |
| Passamaquoddy | saisos. |
| English | hair. |
|---|
| Ahnenin | betamnita. |
| Caddo | baat. |
| Taculli | pitsa—head. |
| Uche | pseotan—head. |
| English | ear. |
|---|
| Ahnenin | etah. |
| Esquimaux | heutinga. |
| —— | tsheeutik. |
| —— | shudik. |
| Knistenaux | otowegu. |
| Ojibbeway | ottowug. |
| Micmac | hadowugan. |
| Massachusetts | wehtoughh. |
| Narragansets | wuttowwog. |
| Delaware | wittauk. |
| Miami | tawakeh. |
| Shawnoe | towakah. |
| Omohaw | neetah. |
| Osage | naughta. |
| Quappa | nottah. |
| English | nose. |
|---|
| Ahnenin | husi. |
| Old Algonkin | yash. |
| Massachusetts | wutch. |
| English | mouth. |
|---|
| Ahnenin | ockya. |
| Osage | ehaugh. |
| Natchez | heche. |
| English | fingers. |
|---|
| Ahnenin | naha. |
| Onondagos | eniage. |
| English | blood. |
|---|
| Ahnenin | barts. |
| Caddo | baaho. |
| English | hand. |
|---|
| Ahnenin | ikickan. |
| Pawnee | iksheeree. |
| Muskoge | innkke. |
| Catawba | eeksapeeah. |
| Mohawk | oochsoochta. |
| English. | leg. |
|---|
| Ahnenin | nunaha. |
| Sack and Fox | nenanah. |
| Caddo | danuna—foot. |
| English | man. |
|---|
| Ahnenin | neehato—white man |
| —— | watamahat—black? man |
| Tuscarora | aineehau. |
| Nottoway | eniha. |
| Seneca | ungouh. |
| Wyandot | aingahon. |
| Mohawk | oonguich. |
| Dacota | weetschahskta. |
| English | girl. |
|---|
| Ahnenin | wahtah. |
| Dacota | weetsheeahnah. |
| Yancton | weetchinchano. |
| Yancton | weetachnong—daughter. |
| Osage | wetongah—sister. |
| English | wife. |
|---|
| Ahnenin | etha. |
| Kenay | ssióo. |
| English | water. |
|---|
| Ahnenin | nitsa. |
| Quappa | nih. |
| Uche | tsach. |
| English | sun. |
|---|
| Ahnenin | esis. |
| Algonkin | kesis. |
| Choctaw | hashe. |
| Ohikkasaw | husha. |
| Muskoge | hahsie. |
| English | rock. |
|---|
| Ahnenin | hannike. |
| Winebago | eenee. |
| Dacota | eeang. |
| Yancton | eeyong. |
| Mohawk | oonoyah. |
| Onondago | onaja. |
| English | wood. |
|---|
| Ahnenin | bess. |
| Passamaquoddy | apass—tree. |
| Abenaki | abassi—tree. |
| English | bear. |
|---|
| Ahnenin | wussa. |
| Quappa | wassah. |
| Osage | wasauba. |
| Omahaw | wassabai. |
| English | dog. |
|---|
| Ahnenin | ahttah. |
| —— | hudther. |
| Sheshatapoosh | attung. |
| Abenaki | attie. |
| Tuscarora | tcheer. |
| Nottoway | cheer. |
| English | elk. |
|---|
| Ahnenin | wussea. |
| Miami | musuoh—deer. |
| Illinois | mousoah—deer. |
| English | bad. |
|---|
| Ahnenin | wahnatta. |
| Mohawk | wahpateku. |
| Onondagos | wahethe. |
| Oneida | wahetka. |
| English | good. |
|---|
| Ahnenin | etah. |
| Caddo | hahut—handsome. |
| English | me, mine. |
|---|
| Ahnenin | nistow. |
| Blackfoot | niste—I. |
| English | you. |
|---|
| Ahnenin | ahnan. |
| Kenay | nan. |
| English | to-day. |
|---|
| Ahnenin | wananaki. |
| Mohawk | kuhhwanteh. |
| Onondagos | neucke. |
| English | to-morrow. |
|---|
| Ahnenin | nacah. |
| Tchuktchi | unako. |
| —— | unniok. |
| Choctaw | onaha. |
| English | many. |
|---|
| Ahnenin | ukaka. |
| Mohawk | awquayakoo. |
| Seneca | kawkuago. |
| English | drink. |
|---|
| Ahnenin | nahbin. |
| Osage | nebnatoh. |
| English | sleep. |
|---|
| Ahnenin | nuckcoots. |
| Abenaki | nekasi. |
| Mohawk | yihkootos. |
| Onondagos | agotawi. |
| Seneca | wanuhgoteh. |
| English | two. |
|---|
| Ahnenin | neece. |
| Passamaquoddy | nes. |
| Abenaki | niss. |
| Massachusetts | neese. |
| Narragansets | neesse. |
| Mohican | neesoh. |
| Montaug | nees. |
| —— | neeze. |
| Adaize | nass. |
| English | three. |
|---|
| Ahnenin | narce. |
| Abenaki | nash. |
| Narragansets | nish. |
| English | four. |
|---|
| Ahnenin | nean. |
| —— | yahnayau. |
| Ojibbeway | newin. |
| Ottawa | niwin. |
| Knistenaux | nayo. |
| Old Algonkin | neyoo. |
| Sheshatapoosh | naou. |
| Massachusetts | yaw. |
| Narragansets | yoh. |
| English | six. |
|---|
| Ahnenin | nekitukujan. |
| Knistenaux | negotoahsik. |
| Ojibbeway | gotoasso. |
| —— | nigouta waswois. |
| Ottawa | ningotowaswi. |
| Abenaki | negudaus. |
| Montaug | nacuttah. |
The Blackfoot.—Of this language we have three vocabularies;
a short one by Umfreville, a short one in Mr. Catlin's
work, and the longer and more important one in Mr.
Gallatin's manuscripts. The three vocabularies represent
the same language. Its affinities are miscellaneous; more
however with the Algonkin tongues than with those of the
other recognized groups.
| English | woman. |
|---|
| Blackfoot | ahkeya. |
| Old Algonkin | ickweh. |
| Ottawa | uque. |
| Delaware | okhqueh. |
| —— | khqeu. |
| Nanticoke | acquahique. |
| Illinois | ickoe. |
| Shawnoe | equiwa. |
| Sauki | kwoyikih. |
| Cherokee | ageyung. |
| Woccoon | yecauau. |
| English | boy. |
|---|
| Blackfoot | sacoomahpa. |
| Upsaroka | skakkatte. |
| English. | girl. |
|---|
| Blackfoot | ahkaquoin. |
| Catawba | yahwachahu. |
| English | child. |
|---|
| Blackfoot | pokah. |
| Upsaroka | bakkatte. |
| English | father. |
|---|
| Blackfoot | onwa. |
| Seneca | hanee. |
| English | husband. |
|---|
| Blackfoot | ohmah. |
| Esquimaux | oemah. |
| English | daughter. |
|---|
| Blackfoot | netan. |
| Knistenaux | netannis. |
| Ojibbeway | nindanis. |
| —— | nedannis. |
| Ottawa | tanis. |
| Massachusetts | nutannis. |
| Narragansets | nittannis. |
| Illinois | tahana. |
| Sack and Fox | tanes. |
| Uche | teyunung. |
| English | brother. |
|---|
| Blackfoot | nausah. |
| Passamaquoddy | nesiwas. |
| Abenaki | nitsie. |
| English | head. |
|---|
| Blackfoot | otoquoin. |
| Old Algonkin | oostiquan. |
| Sheshatapoosh | stoukoan. |
| Ojibbeway | oostegwon. |
| Knistenaux | istegwen. |
| —— | ustequoin. |
| English | nose. |
|---|
| Blackfoot | okissis. |
| Menomeni | oocheeush. |
| English | neck. |
|---|
| Blackfoot | ohkokin. |
| Miami | kwaikaneh. |
| Sack and Fox | nekwaikaneh. |
| English | hand. |
|---|
| Blackfoot | okittakis. |
| Esquimaux | iyuteeka. |
| —— | tikkiek—fingers. |
| English | leg. |
|---|
| Blackfoot | ohcat. |
| Ojibbeway | okat. |
| Knistenaux | miskate. |
| Sheshatapoosh | neescatch. |
| Massachusetts | muhkout. |
| Menomeni | oakauut. |
| English | feet. |
|---|
| Blackfoot | oaksakah. |
| Wyandot | ochsheetau. |
| Mohawk | oochsheeta. |
| Onondago | ochsita. |
| Seneca | oochsheeta. |
| Oneyda | ochsheecht. |
| Nottoway | seeke—toes. |
| English | bone. |
|---|
| Blackfoot | ohkinnah. |
| Knistenaux | oskann. |
| Ojibbeway | okun. |
| Ottawa | okunnum. |
| Miami | kanih. |
| Massachusetts | uskon. |
| Narragansets | wuskan. |
| Shawnoe | ochcunne. |
| Sack and Fox | okaneh. |
| Menomeni | okunum. |
| English | kettle. |
|---|
| Blackfoot | eske. |
| Knistenaux | askick. |
| Ojibbeway | akkeek. |
| English | shoes. |
|---|
| Blackfoot | atsakin. |
| Mohawk | ohtaquah. |
| Seneca | auhtoyuawohya. |
| Nottoway | otawgwag. |
| English | bread. |
|---|
| Blackfoot | ksaquonats. |
| Mohican | tauquauh. |
| Shawnoe | taquanah. |
| English | spring. |
|---|
| Blackfoot | motoe. |
| Osage | paton. |
| English | summer. |
|---|
| Blackfoot | napoos. |
| Knistenaux | nepin. |
| Ojibbeway | neebin. |
| —— | nipin. |
| Ottawa | nipin. |
| Sheshatapoosh | neepun. |
| Micmac | nipk. |
| Abenaki | nipéné. |
| Massachusetts | nepun. |
| Narragansets | neepun. |
| Mohican | nepoon. |
| Delaware | nipen. |
| Miami | nipeenueh. |
| Shawnoe | nepeneh. |
| Sack and Fox | neepenweh. |
| Menomeni | neeaypeenaywaywah. |
| English | hail. |
|---|
| Blackfoot | sahco. |
| Knistenaux | sasagun. |
| Ojibbeway | sasaigan. |
| Sheshatapoosh | shashaygan. |
| English | fire. |
|---|
| Blackfoot | esteu. |
| Mohican | stauw. |
| English | water. |
|---|
| Blackfoot | ohhkeah. |
| Chikkasaw | uckah. |
| Attacapa | ak. |
| English | ice. |
|---|
| Blackfoot | sacoocootah. |
| Esquimaux | sikkoo. |
| Tchuktchi | tshikuta. |
| English | earth. |
|---|
| Blackfoot | ksahcoom. |
| Knistenaux | askee. |
| Ojibbeway | ahkee. |
| Ottawa | aki. |
| Old Algonkin | ackey. |
| —— | ackwin. |
| English | lake. |
|---|
| Blackfoot | omah sekame. |
| Knistenaux | sakiegun. |
| Ojibbeway | sahgiegun. |
| Shawnoe | mskaque. |
| English | island. |
|---|
| Blackfoot | mane. |
| Upsaroka | minne—water. |
| —— | minneteekah—lake. |
| —— | minnepeshu—island. |
| Knistenaux | ministick. |
| Ojibbeway | minnis. |
| Old Algonkin | minis. |
| Passamaquoddy | muniqu. |
| Abenaki | menahan. |
| Mohican | mnauhan. |
| Delaware | menokhtey. |
| —— | menatey. |
| Miami | menahanweh. |
| Menomeni | meenayish. |
| English | rock, stone. |
|---|
| Blackfoot | ohcootoke. |
| Nottoway | ohhoutahk. |
| English | tree. |
|---|
| Blackfoot | masetis. |
| Ojibbeway | metik. |
| Old Algonkin | metiih. |
| Sheshatapoosh | mistookooah. |
| Massachusetts | mehtug. |
| English | grass. |
|---|
| Blackfoot | mahtooyaase. |
| Miami | metahkotuck. |
| Quappa | montih. |
| English | leaf. |
|---|
| Blackfoot | soyapoko. |
| Massachusetts | wunnepog. |
| Narragansets | wunnepog. |
| Mohican | wunnepok. |
| Miami | metshipakwa. |
| Sack and Fox | tatapacoan. |
| Menomeni | ahneepeeoakunah. |
| English | beaver. |
|---|
| Blackfoot | kakestake. |
| Esquimaux | keeyeeak. |
| English | wolf. |
|---|
| Blackfoot | mahcooya. |
| Esquimaux | amaok. |
| Knistenaux | myegun. |
| Ojibbeway | mieengun. |
| —— | maygan. |
| Old Algonkin | mahingan. |
| Massachusetts | muckquoshin. |
| Narragansets | muckquashin. |
| Miami | muhkwaiauch. |
| English | bird. |
|---|
| Blackfoot | pakesa. |
| Massachusetts | psukses. |
| Narragansets | peasis. |
| English | egg. |
|---|
| Blackfoot | ohwas. |
| Taculli | ogaze. |
| Kenay | kquasa. |
| Cherokee | oowatse. |
| Salish | ooseh. |
| English | goose. |
|---|
| Blackfoot | emahkiya. |
| Menomeni | mckawk. |
| English | partridge. |
|---|
| Blackfoot | katokin. |
| Nanticoke | kitteawndipqua. |
| English | red. |
|---|
| Blackfoot | mohisenum. |
| Massachusetts | misqueh. |
| English | yellow. |
|---|
| Blackfoot | ohtahko. |
| Esquimaux | toongook. |
| —— | tshongak. |
| Knistenaux | asawwow. |
| Ojibbeway | ozawa. |
| —— | ojawa. |
| Old Algonkin | oozao. |
| Sack and Fox | ossawah. |
| Menomeni | oashahweeyah. |
| English | great. |
|---|
| Blackfoot | ohmohcoo. |
| Micmac | mechkilk. |
| Mohican | makauk. |
| English | small. |
|---|
| Blackfoot | enahcootse. |
| Upsaroka | ecat. |
| English | strong. |
|---|
| Blackfoot | miskappe. |
| Knistenaux | mascawa. |
| Ojibbeway | machecawa. |
| Old Algonkin | masshkawa. |
| Nanticoke | miskiu. |
| English | warm. |
|---|
| Blackfoot | kazetotzu. |
| Knistenaux | kichatai. |
| —— | kisopayo. |
| Ojibbeway | kezhoyah. |
| Ottawa | keshautta. |
| Old Algonkin | akishattey. |
| Passamaquoddy | kesipetai. |
| Massachusetts | kussutan. |
| Narragansets | kssetauwou. |
| English | I. |
|---|
| Blackfoot | nisto. |
| Chipewyan | ne. |
| Knistenaux | nitha. |
| —— | neya. |
| Ojibbeway | neen, nin. |
| Old Algonkin | nir. |
| Sheshatapoosh | neele. |
| Micmac | nil. |
| Illinois | nira. |
| Ahnenin | nistow. |
| English | thou. |
|---|
| Blackfoot | christo. |
| Knistenaux | kitha. |
| Ojibbeway | keen, kin. |
| Old Algonkin | kir. |
| Micmac | kil. |
| Illinois | kira. |
| English | this, that. |
|---|
| Blackfoot | kanakha. |
| Upsaroka | kinna. |
| Nanticoke | youkanna. |
| English | to-day. |
|---|
| Blackfoot | anookchusiquoix. |
| Knistenaux | anoutch. |
| Onondago | neuchke. |
| English | yesterday. |
|---|
| Blackfoot | mahtone. |
| Dacota | tanneehah. |
| English | drink. |
|---|
| Blackfoot | semate. |
| Upsaroka | smimmik. |
| English | speak. |
|---|
| Blackfoot | apooyatz. |
| Upsaroka | bidow. |
| English | sing. |
|---|
| Blackfoot | anihkit. |
| Knistenaux | necummoon. |
| Ojibbeway | nugamoo. |
| Sheshatapoosh | nekahmoo. |
| Illinois | nacamohok. |
| Menomeni | neekaumeenoon. |
| English | sleep. |
|---|
| Blackfoot | okat. |
| Mohawk | yihkootos. |
| Onondago | agotawi. |
| Seneca | wanuhgoteh. |
| English | kill. |
|---|
| Blackfoot | enikke. |
| Abenaki | nenirke. |
The Blackfoot numerals, as given by Mackenzie and Umfreville,
slightly differ. The termination in-um runs through
the numerals of Fitz-Hugh Sound, an Oregon language.
| English. | Blackfoot of
Umfreville. | Blackfoot of
Mackenzie. | Fitz-Hugh Sound. |
|---|
| one | tokescum | sa | nimscum. |
| two | nartokescum | nahtoka | malscum |
| three | nohokescum | nahhoka | utascum. |
| four | nesweum | nasowe | moozcum. |
| five | nesittwi | nesitto | thikaescum. |
| six | nay | nowwe | kitliscum. |
| seven | kitsic | akitsecum | atloopooscum. |
| eight | narnesweum | nahnissowe | malknaskum. |
| nine | picksee | pakeso | nanooskim. |
| ten | keepey | kepo | highio. |
2. nekty, Tuscarora; tiknee, Seneca; teghia, Oneida; dekanee,
Nottoway; tekini, Otto.
3. noghoh, Mohican; nakha, Delaware.
5. nthsysta, Mohawk; sattou, Quappa; satta, Osage, Omahaw;
sata, Otto; sahtsha, Minetare.
7. tzauks, Kawitchen, Noosdalum.
10. kippio, Chimmesyan.
The Crow and Mandan Languages.—Of the important language
of the Upsarokas or Crows the Archæologia Americana
contains only thirty words. Of the Mandan we have,
in the same work, nothing beyond the names of ten chiefs.
In Gallatin's classification these tribes are dealt with as subdivisions
of the Minetare nation. Now the Minetare are of
the Sioux or Dacota family.
Between the Mandan vocabulary of Mr. Catlin and the Crow
vocabulary of Gallatin's MSS. there are the following words
in common. The affinity seems less close than it is generally
stated to be: still the two languages appear to be Sioux.
This latter point may be seen in the second table.
| English. | Mandan. | Crow. |
|---|
| God | mahhopeneta | sakahbooatta. |
| sun | menakha | a'hhhiza. |
| moon | esto menakha | minnatatche. |
| stars | h'kaka | ekieu. |
| rain | h'kahoost | hannah. |
| snow | copcaze | makkoupah—hail. |
| river | passahah | ahesu. |
| day | hampah | maupah. |
| night | estogr | oche. |
| dark | hampaheriskah | chippusheka. |
| light | edayhush | thieshe. |
| woman | meha | meyakatte. |
| wife | moorse | moah. |
| child | sookhomaha | bakkatte. |
| girl | sookmeha | meyakatte. |
| boy | sooknumohk | shakkatte. |
| head | pan | marshaa. |
| legs | doka | buchoope. |
| eyes | estume | meishta. |
| mouth | ea | ea. |
| nose | pahoo | buppa. |
| face | estah | esa. |
| ears | nakoha | uppa. |
| hand | onka | buschie. |
| fingers | onkaha | buschie. |
| foot | shee | busche. |
| hair | hahhee | masbeah. |
| canoe | menanko | maheshe. |
| fish | poh | booah. |
| bear | mahto | duhpitsa. |
| wolf | haratta | chata. |
| dog | mones waroota | biska. |
| buffalo | ptemday | bisha. |
| elk | omepah | eitchericazzse. |
| deer | mahmanacoo | ohha. |
| beaver | warrappa | biruppe. |
| shoe | hoompah | hoompe. |
| bow | warraenoopah | bistuheeah. |
| arrow | mahha | ahnailz. |
| pipe | ehudka | ompsa. |
| tobacco | mannasha | hopa. |
| good | shushu | itsicka. |
| bad | k'hecush | kubbeek. |
| hot | dsasosh | ahre. |
| cold | shincehush | hootshere. |
| I | me | be. |
| thou | ne | de. |
| he | e | na. |
| we | noo | bero. |
| they | eonah | mihah. |
| 1 | mahhannah | amutcat. |
| 2 | nompah | noomcat. |
| 3 | namary | namenacat. |
| 4 | tohha | shopecat. |
| 5 | kakhoo | chihhocat. |
| 6 | kemah | ahcamacat. |
| 7 | koopah | sappoah. |
| 8 | tatucka | noompape. |
| 9 | mahpa | ahmuttappe. |
| 10 | perug | perakuk. |
| English | God. |
|---|
| Mandan | mahhoppeneta. |
| Winebago | mahahnah. |
| Minetare | manhopa. |
| Algonkin | marutoo. |
| English | sun. |
|---|
| Mandan | menahka. |
| Omahaw | meencajai. |
| Caddo | manoh—light. |
| English | star. |
|---|
| Mandan | h'kaka. |
| Quappa | mihcacheh. |
| Otto | peekahhai. |
| Omahaw | meecaai. |
| Minetare | eekah. |
| English | day. |
|---|
| Mandan | hampah eriskah. |
| Winebago | haunip. |
| —— | haumpeehah. |
| Dacota | anipa. |
| Yancton | aungpa. |
| Osage | hompaye. |
| Otto | hangwai. |
| Omahaw | ombah. |
| Minetare | mahpaih. |
| English | woman. |
|---|
| Mandan | meha. |
|---|
| Yancton | weeah. |
| Omahaw | waoo. |
| Minetare | meeyai. |
| Ioway | mega. |
| English | child. |
|---|
| Mandan | sookhomaha. |
| Quappa | schehjinka. |
| Otto | cheechingai. |
| Omahaw | shingashinga. |
| English | head. |
|---|
| Mandan | pan. |
| Dacota | pah. |
| Yancton | pah. |
| Quappa | pahhih. |
| Omahaw | pah. |
| English | arms. |
|---|
| Mandan | arda. |
| Minetare | arrough. |
| Pawnee | heeeeru. |
| English | leg. |
|---|
| Mandan | doka. |
| Quappa | jaccah. |
| Osage | sagaugh. |
| English | eyes. |
|---|
| Mandan | estume. |
| Dacota | ishta. |
| Yancton | ishtah. |
| Quappa | inschta. |
| Otto &c. | ishta. |
| English | mouth. |
|---|
| Mandan | ea. |
| Sioux passim | ea. |
| English | nose. |
|---|
| Mandan | pahoo. |
| Sioux passim | pah. |
| English | face. |
|---|
| Mandan | estah. |
| Dacota | eetai. |
| Yancton | eetai. |
| Minetare | etah. |
| English | ears. |
|---|
| Mandan | nakoha. |
| Winebago | nahchahwahhah. |
| Yancton | nougkopa. |
| Osage | naughta. |
| English | hands. |
|---|
| Mandan | onka. |
| Nottoway | nunke. |
| Tuscarora | ohehneh. |
| Menomeni | oanah. |
| Miami | enahkee. |
| English | fingers. |
|---|
| Mandan | onkahah. |
| Onondago | eniage. |
| Wyandot | eyingia. |
| Tchuktchi | ainhanka. |
| English | foot. |
|---|
| Mandan | shee. |
| Sioux | sih. |
| Pawnee | ashoo. |
| Tuscarora | uhseh. |
| English | hair. |
|---|
| Mandan | pahhee. |
| Sioux | pahee. |
| English | fish. |
|---|
| Mandan | poh. |
| Minetare | boa. |
| Sioux | ho, hough. |
| English | beaver. |
|---|
| Mandan | warappah. |
| Minetare | meerapa. |
| Otto | rawaiy. |
| English | deer. |
|---|
| Mandan | mahmanaco. |
| Yancton | tamindoca. |
| English | house. |
|---|
| Mandan | ote. |
| Ioway | tshe. |
| English | bow. |
|---|
| Mandan | warraenoopah. |
| Minetare | beerahhah. |
| Tuscarora | awraw. |
| English | arrow. |
|---|
| Mandan | mahha. |
| Sioux | mong, ma. |
| English | shoe. |
|---|
| Mandan | hoompah. |
| Dacota | hanipa. |
| Quappa | honpeh. |
| Minetare | opah. |
| English | bad. |
|---|
| Mandan | k'hecush. |
| Dacota | sheecha. |
| English | cold. |
|---|
| Mandan | shineekush. |
| Winebago | seeneehee. |
| Sioux | snee. |
| English | no. |
|---|
| Mandan | megosh. |
| Tuscarora | gwush. |
| English | I. |
|---|
| Mandan | me. |
| Dacota | meeah. |
| Minetare | meeee. |
| Quappa | vieh. |
| Osage | veca. |
| English | thou. |
|---|
| Mandan | ne. |
| Winebago | ney. |
| Dacota | neeah. |
| Minetare | nehe. |
| English | he. |
|---|
| Mandan | e. |
| Dacota | eeah. |
| English | we. |
|---|
| Mandan | noo. |
| Winebago. | neehwahkiaweeno. |
| Onondago | ni. |
| Knistenaux | neou. |
| English | one. |
|---|
| Mandan | mahhannah. |
| Osage | minche. |
| Omahaw | meeachchee. |
| English | two. |
|---|
| Mandan | nompah. |
| Sioux | nompa, noopa. |
| Uche | nowah. |
| English | three. |
|---|
| Mandan | namary. |
| Minetare | namee. |
| English | four. |
|---|
| Mandan | tohha. |
| Sioux | topah, tuah. |
| English | five. |
|---|
| Mandan | kakhoo. |
| Minetare | cheehoh. |
| Muskoge | chahgkie. |
| English | six. |
|---|
| Mandan | kemah. |
| Minetare | acamai. |
| English | seven. |
|---|
| Mandan | koopah. |
| Minetare | chappo. |
| English | eight. |
|---|
| Mandan | tatucka. |
| Seneca | tikkeugh. |
| Mohawk | sohtayhhko. |
| English | ten. |
|---|
| Mandan | perug. |
| Minetare | peragas. |
The Riccaree Language.—In Balbi and in the Mithridates,
the Riccaree is stated to be a dialect of the Pawnee; but
no words are given of it: hence the evidence is inconclusive.
Again, the term Pawnee is equivocal. There are tribes called
Pawnees on the river Platte, and tribes called Pawnees
on the Red river of Texas. Of the last nation we have no
vocabulary; they appear however to be different from the
first, and are Pawnees falsely so called.
Of the Riccaree we have but one vocabulary (Catlin's North
American Indians, vol. ii.); it has the following words common
with the true Pawnee list of Say in the Archæologia
Americana, vol. ii.