843 [The very reverse of this is now generally admitted, and the prosperity of a country may be judged of from the amount of sugar consumed in it.]

844 Rumex patientia. Kerner, tab. 720.

845 Barbarea plantaginea. Kerner’s Œkonom. Pflanzen, tab. 562.

846 Smyrnium olusatrum. Kerner, 356.

847 Chærophyllum bulbosum. Kerner, tab. 299. Jacquin, Flora Austriaca, i. tab. 63.

848 Phyteuma spicata. Kerner, tab. 153.

849 The tuberous roots of the Lathyrus tuberosus. Kerner, tab. 328.

850 Columella. x. 109. Virgil, Moretum, 85.

851 Apuleius de Virtute Herbar. cap. 41. Plinius, xxv. 8.

852 Spec. Plantarum.

853 Du Cange.

854 Meursii Glossar. Anonymus de vulpe et lupo. In p. 657, he says that this poem was printed, but where we are not told.

855 See the passages quoted by Niclas in Geopon. v. 11. 3, p. 345.

856 Plin. xix. 8. sect. 41. The same species is mentioned by Columella, x. 138. But of red cabbage no account is found in any ancient author.

857 Columella, xii. 54. Pallad. Decem. 5. Nicander in Athenæus, iv.

858 Bellonii Obs. Itin. iii. 27.

859 Menage, Dict. v. Broccoli.

860 This is stated in Vincenzo Tanaro Economica del Cittadino in Villa. This book, written about the year 1642, was often printed; but I have never been so fortunate as to meet with a copy. The eleventh edition, being the latest, was printed at Venice in 1745, 4to. In Nonnii Diæteticon, p. 49, the first edition of which was printed in 1627, it is said that the seeds of cauliflower were brought from Italy to Antwerp, where no seed was raised, or such only as produced degenerate plants.

861 In Horti Germaniæ, at the end of Cordi Opera, p. 250, B.

862 Georgica Curiosa, Nurnberg, 1716, fol. i. p. 643.

863 Land- und Gartenschatz, p. 84.

864 See the ingenious experiments of Dalibert in Mémoires présentées sur les Mathématiques et la Physique, tom. i. Strong-smelling plants lose their smell in a sandy soil, and do not recover it when transplanted into a rich soil. On this Rozier founds his proposal for improving rape-oil.

865 Mehler, p. 16, tab. vi.—Kerner, tab. 312.

866 A good figure is given by Mehler, tab. viii.

867 See a figure of the Teltow rapes in Kerner, tab. 534.

868 Geopon. lib. ix. 18, p. 611. The oil of turpentine of the present day is obtained from the resin by distillation, a process with which the ancients were unacquainted.

869 Columella, ii. 10, 22–25; xi. 3, 60; xii. 54.—Plinius, xx. 4; and xix. 10 and 5. That I may not be too prolix, I shall leave the confusion which occurs in the works of the ancients untouched.

870 See the figure of the Mayrübe in Kerner, tab. 553; of the Guckelrübe, tab. 516; and Mehler’s tab. vii. (or 37.)

871 De Re Rustica, lib. ii. cap. 10.

872 Hist. Nat. lib. xviii. c. 13; lib. xix. c. 5.

873 Tull’s Horse-Hoeing Husbandry.

874 Gard. Magaz.

875 Lib. Entert. Knowledge, Vegetable Substances.

876 Kerner’s Œkonom. Pflanzen, tab. 319.—Mehler, tab. x. (or 40.)

877 De Aliment. Facult. ii. 67. Galen has ἡ καρὼ, not κάρος.

878 Kerner, tab. 91.

879 Matthioli Epist. Med. v. p. 209; in Opera, Basil. 1674, fol.

880 A translation, printed for the first time in Spanish in 1569, is in Clusii Exotica, p. 15.

881 Murray, Apparat. Med. i. p. 160.

882 Kerner, tab. 307.

883 Cepæ fissiles, or scissiles, or schistæ, are leeks, as Theophrastus tells us himself, which, when the leaves become yellow, are taken from the earth, and being freed from the leaves, are separated from each other, then dried, and in spring again put into the ground. If we believe that the ascaloniæ can be propagated only by seed, we must certainly read in Theophrastus μόνα γἀρ οὐ σχιστὰ, as Scaliger has already remarked.

884 Vol. i. p. 17.