2409.  Remains of Ancient Rome, i. p. 12: see also Archaeologia, xlix. p. 427, where it is pointed out that measurements of bricks form no guide to their date.

2410.  Loc. cit.

2411.  Jahreshefte (Beiblatt), i. p. 123.

2412.  ii. 3, 1.

2413.  This may be the origin of the foot-shaped stamp so common in Roman lamps and vases (see Blümner, Technologie, ii. p. 18).

2414.  Cf. also Wright, Celt, Roman, and Saxon⁴, p. 186.

2415.  Vitr. ii. 3. This passage with Pallad. Agric. vi. 12 and Isid. Etym. xix. 10, 16 are the loci classici on the subject.

2416.  Blümner, ii. p. 20, points out that there are very few instances of this, and perhaps Vitruvius’ idea was not practical.

2417.  Middleton, Remains of Ancient Rome, i. pp. 12, 62.

2418.  See Roach-Smith, Illustr. Rom. London, p. 112.

2419.  xxxix. 61 (ἐκ πλίνθων).

2420.  Apud Non., p. 48 (s.v. suffundatum).

2421.  De Div. ii. 47, 99.

2422.  Vitr. ii. 8, 18.

2423.  H.N. xxxv. 173.

2424.  Vitr. ii. 8, 17.

2425.  Ibid.

2426.  See Daremberg and Saglio, s.v. Aquaeductus; Middleton, Remains of Ancient Rome, ii. p. 323.

2427.  Suet. Aug. 28.

2428.  Borrmann, Die Keramik in der Baukunst (Durm’s Handbuch d. Architektur), p. 51.

2429.  Roach-Smith, Collect. Antiq. iv. p. 11, pls. 5-6.

2430.  Nissen, Pompeian. Studien, p. 26; Mau-Kelsey, Pompeii, p. 36.

2431.  See Mau-Kelsey, Pompeii, p. 38.

2432.  Archaeologia, lii. p. 664.

2433.  Middleton, Remains of Ancient Rome, i. pp. 254, 301; id. in Archaeologia, xlix. p. 426.

2434.  See Dressel in C.I.L. xv. p. 9.

2435.  Mau-Kelsey, p. 38: but see Nissen, Pompeian. Studien, p. 59.

2436.  See Blümner, Technologie, iii. p. 146, where a good illustration is given.

2437.  Archaeologia, li. pl. 2, fig. 4; Middleton, op. cit. i. p. 55, fig. 6.

2438.  v. 10, 2.

2439.  See also on this subject Anderson and Spiers, Architecture of Greece and Rome, p. 137 ff.; Middleton, op. cit. i. p. 66, ii. p. 120, fig. 64.

2440.  See Middleton, op. cit. i. p. 62; Archaeologia, li. pl. 2, fig. 5.

2441.  Middleton, op. cit. i. pp. 12, 62.

2442.  Etym. xv. 8, 15; xix. 10, 15.

2443.  Henzen, Inscr. 6445, 7279-80.

2444.  Orelli, Inscr. 4190.

2445.  There are tiles in existence marked DOL · DELIC, i.e. (opus) doliare deliciare (Marquardt, Privatalterthümer, p. 619).

2446.  The arrangement is well illustrated on pl. 6 of Campana’s Ant. opere in plastica (from Ostia).

2447.  Vitr. v. 9, 7; viii. 7, 1.

2448.  Brongniart, Traité, i. p. 374; Marquardt, Privatalterthümer, p. 620.

2449.  See Vitr. vii. 4, 2; Nissen, Pompeian. Studien, p. 65 ff.

2450.  Orelli, 1396: see Sitzungsber. d. Wiener Akad. Gesellsch. 1901, pt. 2, p. 13.

2451.  Caumont, Cours, ii. p. 182.

2452.  Ibid. p. 184.

2453.  Brongniart and Riocreux, Mus. de Sèvres, i. p. 18.

2454.  Bull. Arch. Nap. 1853, pl. 14, p. 185.

2455.  Campana, Ant. opere in plastica, pl. 6.

2456.  For references to ornamental terracotta antefixes in Latin literature see below, p. 371; and cf. Livy, xxvi. 23, xxxiv. 4.

2457.  See for an account of these Von Rohden, Terracotten von Pompeii, p. 5; also Mau-Kelsey, Pompeii, p. 251.

2458.  Von Rohden, pl. 7, fig. 1, from the Casa dei Niobidi.

2459.  Ibid., pls. 5, 2, and 6, 1.

2460.  For examples of this type see B.M. Terracottas, D 66 (from Corneto), D 700 (from Cumae), and D 706 (from Capua).

2461.  Mau-Kelsey, Pompeii, p. 36.

2462.  Von Rohden, pls. 14-16; 18, fig. 1: cf. B.M. Cat. of Terracottas, D 699, from Pompeii.

2463.  Ibid. pls. 11-13.

2464.  Campana, Ant. opere in plastica, pl. 6.

2465.  Campana, pl. 6: cf. for the story Livy, xxix. 14, and Preller-Jordan, Röm. Mythol. ii. p. 55.

2466.  Archaeologia, xiv. pl. 13, p. 64: cf. Brongniart, Traité, i. p. 367.

2467.  Middleton, Remains of Ancient Rome, i. p. 181, ii. p. 121 ff.

2468.  vii. 4, 2.

2469.  See Middleton in Archaeologia, lii. p. 663, for a general discussion of the subject; also Roach-Smith, Collect. Antiq. vi. p. 122.

2470.  Roach-Smith, Collect. Antiq. iii. pl. 26, p. 114; Illustr. Rom. London, p. 115.

2471.  Marquardt, Privatalterthümer, vii. p. 620.

2472.  Ep. 90, 25 (xiv. 2).

2473.  Ep. ii. 17, 23.

2474.  So also in the Roman villa at Woodchester (Wright, Celt, Roman, and Saxon⁴, p. 198).

2475.  Middleton, op. cit. ii. p. 113 ff.; id. in Archaeologia, li. pl. 3.

2476.  Roach-Smith, Collect. Antiq. ii. p. 21, pl. 8, figs. 1-2.

2477.  C.I.L. vii. 1250; Roach-Smith, Ill. Rom. Lond. p. 114, fig. 3.

2478.  C.I.L. vii. 1238.

2479.  Archaeologia, lii. pl. 20.

2480.  vii. 4, 2.

2481.  Roach-Smith, Collect. Antiq. vi. p. 125. Cf. Arch. Journ. viii. p. 30 ff. for another example from Hadstock, Essex.

2482.  Archaeologia, lii. p. 666.

2483.  Cf. Vitr. loc. cit.

2484.  Middleton, Remains of Ancient Rome, ii. p. 123.

2485.  See Daremberg and Saglio, s.v., and cf. Vitr. viii. 7, 1; Isid. Etym. xv. 8, 17; xix. 10, 29.

2486.  C.I.L. x. 4842.

2487.  viii. 7, 1.

2488.  H.N. xxxi. 57.

2489.  viii. 7, 10.

2490.  Mon. Antichi, i. pl. 6, p. 326.

2491.  See Lanciani in Atti dell’ Accad. dei Lincei, Ser. 3, iv. (1879-80), p. 399 ff.

2492.  Avolio, Fatture di argille in Sicilia, p. 8.

2493.  See generally Blümner, Technologie, iii. p. 161 ff.; Middleton, Remains of Ancient Rome, i. p. 80.

2494.  Archaeologia, li. pl. 3.

2495.  Buckman and Newmarch, Roman Art in Cirencester, p. 64.

2496.  H.N. xxxv. 165; xxxvi. 188: cf. Geoponica, ii. 27, 5; Pallad. i. 9, 4; Cato, Agric. xviii. 7; Vitr. vii. 1, 4; Columella, i. 6, 13; viii. 15, 3, 17, 1; ix. 1, 2.

2497.  Middleton, op. cit. ii. p. 121, fig. 65.

2498.  Cf. Buckman and Newmarch, Roman Art in Cirencester, p. 49 ff.

2499.  Vitr. vii. 1, 4; Pliny, H.N. xxxvi. 184; Stat. Silv. i. 3, 54.

2500.  Archaeologia, xxvi. pl. 44, p. 370.

2501.  Roach-Smith, Ill. Rom. Lond. p. 113.

2502.  C.I.L. vii. 1223-24.

2503.  Ibid. 1222 (in B.M.); others from Brecon and Abergavenny.

2504.  C.I.L. vii. 1225.

2505.  The inscribed tiles found in Rome have been collected and published by Dressel in vol. xv. (part 1, Nos. 1-2155) of the Corpus Inscr. Lat. Others are published in the other volumes under the heading “Instrumentum Domesticum.” In the succeeding pages Dressel’s account has been mainly followed.

2506.  See Hübner, Exempla Script. Epigr. Lat. p. lxviii.

2507.  C.I.L. xv. 19-29; 209, 1145; 709; 1212; 398.

2508.  Cat. of Terracottas, E 148-49.

2509.  Opus doliare is the invariable word for bricks or tiles in Roman inscriptions, figlinum being confined to pottery of the finer kind (cf. p. 330).

2510.  Cassiodorus, Variar. i. 25: cf. ii. 23.

2511.  C.I.L. xv. 1668-70.

2512.  Cf. C.I.L. xv. p. 204, Nos. 1616, 1627, etc.

2513.  Middleton, Remains of Ancient Rome, i. p. 13.

2514.  C.I.L. xiv. 4089, 7, from Ostia.

2515.  Ibid. 4090, No. 14.

2516.  C.I.L. xv. 478 ff.: cf. 683, and Ann. dell’ Inst. 1840, p. 240.

2517.  Ibid. 677-82.

2518.  Ibid. 389.

2519.  B.M. Cat. of Terracottas, E 150.

2520.  E.g. Wilmanns, Exempla Inscr. Lat. 2793a.

2521.  See Blanchet, Mélanges Gallo-romaines, ii. (1902), p. 110.

2522.  See Steiner, Cod. Inscr. Rom. Danubii et Rheni, i. p. 85, No. 190, ii. p. 187, No. 1231.

2523.  C.I.L. vii. 1255, 1257.

2524.  Ibid. 1242.

2525.  Cf. C.I.L. xv. p. 274.

2526.  C.I.L. xv. 1097-1101, and see p. 275.

2527.  Marini, Iscriz. ant. doliari, 1418.

2528.  C.I.L. xv. 1539.

2529.  Ibid. 1540, 1542.

2530.  Ibid. 1668-70.

2531.  Steiner, op. cit. i. p. 252, No. 541 (from Mainz); also Bonner Jahrbücher, ii. p. 92.

2532.  Steiner, i. p. 75, No. 171; ii. p. 248, No. 1373.

2533.  C.I.L. iii. p. 962; Wiener Sitzungsberichte, xiv. (1855), p. 133.

2534.  C.I.L. ibid.

2535.  Steiner, ii. p. 254, No. 1391.

2536.  Now in Pesth Museum (C.I.L. ibid.).

2537.  C.I.L. vii. 1260.

2538.  Ibid. 1259; Victoria County Hist. of Hants, i. p. 282 (q.v. for other examples).

2539.  Cat. p. 73, No. 56; Ephem. Epigr. vii. (1892), p. 344.

2540.  C.I.L. ii. 4967, 31: cf. Victoria County Hist. of Hants, i. p. 275.

2541.  E.g. B.M. E 149: see p. 354.

2542.  See Dressel in C.I.L. xv. p. 10.

2543.  Steiner, Cod. Inscr. Rom. Danub. et Rheni, ii. p. 253, No. 1389.

2544.  C.I.L. xv. p. 5 ff. For epigraphical and grammatical peculiarities see ibid. p. 7. On p. 204 is given a list of emperors whose names are found on the tiles, from Trajan to Septimius Severus.

2545.  See for these abbreviations and expressions C.I.L. xv. p. 387.

2546.  B.M. E 152.

2547.  C.I.L. xiv. 4089, 1.

2548.  C.I.L. xv. 3, 4, xiv. 4089, 4.

2549.  Cat. p. 73, Nos. 60-3.

2550.  C.I.L. vii. 1235; Roach-Smith, Collect. Antiq. i. p. 143: see also Journ. Brit. Arch. Assoc. xxxix. p. 389.

2551.  Numerous examples of these legionary stamps will be found in Steiner’s Codex Inscr. Rom. Danubii et Rheni (1851); they will presumably be republished in the forthcoming part of vol. xiii. of the Latin Corpus.

2552.  C.I.L. xiv. 4090, 2.

2553.  C.I.L. vii. 1225.

2554.  See generally C.I.L. iii. Suppl. 1, for Dacia, Pannonia, and the East; for Germany, Steiner, op. cit. passim, and Bonner Jahrbücher, index to vols. 1-60.

2555.  C.I.L. vii. 1228.

2556.  Ibid. 1231: see Roach-Smith, Ill. Rom. London, p. 116.

2557.  Wilmanns, Exempla, 2804.

2558.  C.I.L. iii. 3756.

2559.  Steiner, ii. p. 250, No. 1379.

2560.  Marini, Iscriz. ant. doliari, No. 1382; Wilmanns, Exempla, 2805 b.

2561.  C.I.L. vii. 1226; Roach-Smith, Ill. Rom. London, p. 112; Blanchet, Mélanges Gallo-romaines, ii. p. 110.

2562.  Vitr. iv. 6.

2563.  Campana, Ant. opere in plastica, p. 31.

2564.  S.v. Antefixa or Impluvium.

2565.  Ep. ad Att. i. 10.

2566.  B.M. D 543, 576, 594; Röm. Mitth. 1886, p. 173; Notizie degli Scavi, 1901, p. 188.

2567.  Cat. 501-660. It has been stated, but on what authority is unknown, that they were found in a well near the Porta Latina, together with a series of statues discussed below (p. 373).