[153] Memo. R., L. T. R., 25-26 Edw. I., m. 51.

[154] The load, or lade (lada), contained nine dishes (disci, scutella).

[155] Exch. K. R. Accts., 260, no. 19.

[156] Ibid., 261, no. 25.

[157] Memo. R., L. T. R., 25-26 Edw. I., m. 51.

[158] In 1302 there were four mines: the South Mine, the Middle Mine, the Mine of Fershull, and the Old Mine.—Exch. K. R. Accts., 260, no. 22.

[159] The smiths were paid 12d.-18d. a week.—Ibid.

[160] Exch. K. R. Accts., 261, no. 25.

[161] Anct. Corresp., xlviii. 81.

[162] Exch. K. R. Accts., 260, no. 16.

[163] Anct. Corresp., xlviii, 81.

[164] Exch. K. R. Accts., 260, no. 22.

[165] Pipe R., 28 Edw. I.

[166] V. C. H. Durham, ii. 349.

[167] Pipe R., 28 Edw. I.

[168] Exch. K. R. Accts., 260, no. 6.

[169] Pipe R., 28 Edw. I.

[170] V. C. H. Somers., ii. 373.

[171] Exch. K. R. Accts., 260, no. 22.

[172] Archæologia, lvij, 113-124.

[173] e.g. 'In 6510 turbis tannitis emptis ad inde faciendos cineres pro plumbo affinando.'—Exch. K. R. Accts., 260, no. 4.

[174] Memo., L. T. R., 25-26 Edw. I., m. 51.

[175] Exch. K. R. Accts., 260, no. 7.

[176] Ibid., no. 19.

[177] Pipe R., 28 Edw. I.

[178] V. C. H. Derby, ii. 324.

[179] It is possible that 'cut' is the Celtic word 'cwt', meaning a piece, and dates back to British times.—Ibid.

[180] Ibid.

[181] Pipe R., 28 Edw. I.

[182] Pat., 27 Edw. I., m. 28.

[183] Exch. K. R. Accts., 126, no. 9.

[184] Pat., 35 Edw. I., m. 19.

[185] Mins. Accts., 826, no. 12.

[186] Ibid., no. 11.

[187] Exch. K. R. Accts., 265, no. 9.

[188] Ibid., no. 10.

[189] Close 24 Edw. I., m. 11d.

[190] Pipe R., 28 Edw. I.

[191] Ibid.

[192] Anct. Corresp., xlviii. 177.

[193] 'Minera' may also bear the sense of 'ore.'

[194] Close 7 Edw. II., m. 6.

[195] Anct. Pet., 13552.

[196] Pat., 17 Edw. II., p. 2, m. 15.

[197] Assize R., 135, m. 26d.

[198] Pat., 14 Edw. IV., p. 1, m. 7d.

[199] Pat., 15 Edw. IV., p. 1, m. 22.

[200] Pat., 18 Edw. IV., p. 2, m. 30.

[201] Pat., 2 Edw. IV., p. 1, m. 7.

[202] Exch. K. R. Accts., 262, no. 2.

[203] Acts of Privy Council, 1542-7, p. 367.

[204] Jour. of Brit. Arch. Ass., lxii. 145-60.

[205] Archæologia, lix. 281-8.

[206] V. C. H. Cornw., i. 523.

[207] Ibid.

[208] Vol. iii. of Harvard Economic Studies. The same writer has contributed a valuable article on tin-mining to V. C. H. Cornwall.

[209] Lewis, op. cit., 5.

[210] Lewis, op. cit., 11.

[211] A case of a London goldsmith making engines and instruments to drain a deep tin mine near Truro occurs in first quarter of the sixteenth century—Early Chanc. Proc., 481, no. 46.

[212] Memo. R., L. T. R., 9 Eliz., Mich., 3.

[213] Either the channel by which the blast was admitted, or else the channel conveying water to the wheel.

[214] The ore was sometimes roasted before smelting.

[215] V. C. H. Cornw., i. 539.

[216] Lewis, op. cit., 133-4.

[217] W. de Wrotham, when appointed warden of the stannaries in 1198, ordered all masters of ships in Cornwall and Devon to swear not to take unstamped tin out of the country.—Lewis, op. cit., 337.

[218] Lewis, op. cit., 190.

[219] Op. cit., 187.

[220] V. C. H. Cornw., i. 523.

[221] Lewis, op. cit., 34.

[222] For output, see Lewis, op. cit., App. J.

[223] Lewis, op. cit., App. K.

[224] Ibid., Apps. L-T.

[225] Chron. of Battle Abbey, 11.

[226] V. C. H. Northants., ii. 293-5.

[227] Ibid., 295.

[228] Fabric R. of York (Surtees Soc.), passim.

[229] e.g. at the Tower in 1324 'one boatload of Aylesford stone called rag, 6s.'—Exch. K. R. Accts., 469, no. 7. And in 1362 '8 boatloads of stone called ragg, with carriage from Maidstone, £10, 13s. 4d.'—Ibid., 472, no. 9.

[230] Ibid., 502, no. 10.

[231] See the Westminster building accounts, passim.

[232] Arch. Cant., ii. 112.

[233] '20 tontightes de peers de Beer.'—Exch. K. R. Accts., 472, no. 8.

[234] Exch. K. R. Accts., 491, no. 13.

[235] For some fourteenth and fifteenth century references to the Haslebury quarries, see The Tropenell Cartulary (Wilts. Arch. Soc.), ii. 148-50.

[236] V. C. H. Dorset, ii. 333.

[237] Ibid., 339.

[238] V. C. H. Sussex, ii. 230.

[239] Exch. K. R. Accts., 305, no. 12.

[240] Ibid., 502, no. 3.

[241] Arch. Cant., ii. 112.

[242] The 'pondus dolii,' anglicised in other entries as 'tuntight,' seems to have been about 40 cubic feet.

[243] Presumably from the Yorkshire quarry referred to above; it came via London.—Ibid., 121.

[244] Apparently about 440 tons.—Ibid.

[245] Pipe R., 16 Edw. III.

[246] The term 'damlade,' of uncertain meaning, seems to be peculiar to Yorkshire. See Fabric R. of York.

[247] Pipe R., 7 Edw. III.

[248] Misc. Bks., Tr. of R., 4, f. 142.

[249] Exch. K. R. Accts., 476, no. 5.

[250] Ibid., 461, no. 11.

[251] Exch. K. R. Accts., no. 12.

[252] V. C. H. Northants., ii. 296-7.

[253] A similar method of splitting was employed in the case of the slates of Stonesfield, in Oxfordshire.—V. C. H. Oxon., ii. 267.

[254] Ibid.; V. C. H. Northants., ii. 296.

[255] V. C. H. Sussex, ii. 230.

[256] Exch. K. R. Accts., 476, no. 5.

[257] Ibid., 494, no. 4.

[258] Pipe R., 7 Edw. III.

[259] Exch. K. R. Accts., 502, no. 3.

[260] Fabric R. of York, 19.

[261] A fifteenth-century account for Launceston mentions the purchase of 'An iron tool for breaking stones in the quarry, called a polax, weighing 16½ lbs., and two new wedges weighing 10 lbs.'—Exch. K. R. Accts., 461, no. 13.

[262] For a fuller history of the Purbeck marble quarries, see V. C. H. Dorset, ii. 331-8, from which the details given below are taken when other references are not given.

[263] See articles on 'Medieval Figure Sculpture in England,' Architectural Review, 1903.

[264] Liberate R., K. R., 37 Hen. III., m. 13.

[265] Exch. K. R. Accts., 467, no. 6 (2).

[266] Ibid., 469, no. 8.

[267] Ibid., no. 12.

[268] Arch. Journ., x. 116.

[269] Arch. Journ., lxi. 221-40.

[270] See e.g. the Flawford and Breadsall figures, ibid.; and the catalogue of Alabaster carvings exhibited at the Society of Antiquaries in 1910.

[271] Pipe R., 41 Edw. III.

[272] Arch. Journ., lxiv. 32.

[273] Ibid., lxi. 229.

[274] The numerous cases of the export of alabaster carvings from Poole make it probable that the Purbeck carvers, when the demand for their marble fell off, worked the alabaster which exists in the district.—V. C. H. Dorset, ii.

[275] Some of these no doubt were sold at the time of the Reformation.—Arch. Journ., lxi. 239.

[276] Ibid., 237-8.

[277] Ibid., 230.

[278] Arch. Journ., lxi. 234-5.

[279] For an account of these, see Mr. Hope's article in Archæologia, xli.

[280] Arch. Journ., lxiv. 239.

[281] Ibid., x. 120.

[282] Fabric R. of York, 74, 78, 84, 90, 106.

[283] Fabric R. of York, 15.

[284] Exch. K. R. Accts., 504, no. 4.

[285] Hundred R., ii. 56.

[286] Exch. K. R. Accts., 467, no. 4.

[287] Customs Accts., 124/30.

[288] Probably chalk may be taken at about 4d. the quarter.

[289] Brit. Arch. Ass. Journal, lx.

[290] V. C. H. Sussex, ii. 231.

[291] Chaffers, Gilda Aurifabrorum, 19.

[292] Ibid., 23-5.

[293] A long chronological list of English goldsmiths is given by Chaffers, op. cit.

[294] Beverley Chapter Act Book (Surtees Soc.), ii., p. lxv.

[295] Cal. of City of London Letter Books, A., p. 180.

[296] Riley, Mems. of London, 350.

[297] Foreign R., 4 Hen. V., m. A.

[298] Camden Soc., xxxvii. 42.

[299] Chaffers, Gilda Aurifabrorum, 38.

[300] Ibid., 8, 9.

[301] Foreign R., 3 Hen. IV., m. E.

[302] Church Bells of England, by H. B. Walters, published since this was in print, contains much valuable matter.

[303] Chron. Battle Abbey (ed. Lower), 17.

[304] Cott. MS. Vesp. A., 22, f. 88.

[305] Stahlschmidt, London Bell-founders, 72.

[306] Ibid., p. 3.

[307] On the other hand, Fagniez (Docts. relatifs à l'histoire de l'Industrie, ii. 67) says that 'sainterius,' the title applied to Thomas de Claville who recast a bell for Notre Dame in 1397, is 'fait sur le vieux nom français des cloches saints ... qui se rattache à signa.'

[308] Ex. inf. Mr. C. H. Vellacott, from Assize Roll.