INDEX

• Abscess formation, 296-301
• Acetous fermentation, 115, 127
• Actinomycosis, 316
• Aërobic organisms, 26
• Agar, 21
• Air, bacteriology of, 96-110
• — examination of, 96-99
• — of sewers, 105
• — expired, 102
• — bacteria and gravity, 106
• — standard of bacteria in, 108
• — pathogenic bacteria in, 109
• — passages, bacteria in, 103
• Alcohol, formation of, 115
• Alcoholic fermentation, 115, 117
• Alexines, 249, 268
• Alformant lamp for disinfection, 334
• Algæ in water, 53
• Ammoniacal fermentation, 115
• Amylolytic ferments, 115
• Anaërobic organisms, 132
• — methods of culture, 139-142
• — in hydrogen, 139, 140
• — in glucose-agar, 142
• — in Fränkel's tube, 140
• — in Buchner's tube, 141
• Aniline dyes, 44
• Antagonism of organisms, 33
• Anthrax, 19, 26, 30, 34, 245
• — pathology of, 301
• — spores of, 302
• — bacillus of, 302
• Antiseptics, 323, 332
• — definition of, 322
• — some of the chief, 332
• Antitoxins, 245-250
• — preparation of, 259
• — use of, 263
• — unit of, 263
• Appendix, 337
• Arthrospores, 17
• Artificial purification of water, 73
• Ascospores, 120
• Asiatic cholera, 65
• Association of organisms, 31
• Attenuation of virulence, 36
  
  
• Bacillus, definition of, 11
• — aceti, 34, 129
• — acidi lactici, 131, 185, 190
• — amylobacter, 132
• — anthracis, 26, 31, 34, 110, 301-305
• — aquatilis, 53
• — butyricus, 133
• — coli communis, 32, 56, 58-62, 64, 67, 86, 88, 108, 151, 194, 237, 299, 315
• — cyanogenus, 193
• — diphtheriæ, 201, 212, 244, 289-296
• — enteriditis sporogenes, 60, 86, 87, 316
• — erythrosporus, 53
• — fluorescens liquefaciens, 43, 53, 64, 86
• — fluorescens non-liquefaciens, 53, 15
• — of cholera, 65-69
• — of diarrhœa, 203, 204
• — of influenza, 315
• — lactis erythrogenes, 193
• — lactis pituitosi, 193
• — lactis viscosus, 193
• — liquefaciens, 53, 151
• — of leprosy, 308-313
• — of glanders (mallei), 299, 319
• — mesentericus, 86, 151
• — mycoides, 151
• — of malignant œdema, 19, 172
• — No. 41, 219
• — pasteurianum, 130
• — of scarlet fever, 202
• — of symptomatic anthrax, 19, 171, 172
• — of plague, 306-308
• Bacillus prodigiosus, 34, 151, 193, 238
• — pyocyaneus, 7, 34, 64, 110, 299
• — pyogenes fœtidus, 34
• — radicicola, 164
• — saponacei, 193
• — subtilis, 31, 86, 108
• — synxanthus, 194
• — of tetanus, 19, 168-171
• — termo, 53
• — of tubercle, 110, 212, 225, 274-291
• — typhosus, 41, 50, 55-62, 212
• — ubiquitous, 53
• — of yellow fever, 316
• Bacteria, action of, 26
• — in sewage, 84
• — and wheat supply, 161
• — and fixation of nitrogen, 160-166
• — in cheese-making, 220-227
• — in the dairy, 215-227
• — products of, 240, 241
• — and disease, 264-321
• — the higher, 11, 33
• — in soil, 137-177
• Bacterial action, 26
• — treatment of sewage, 90
• Bacteroids, 166
• Beer diseases, 134
• Berkefeld filter, 52
• Biogenesis, 3
• Biology of bacteria, 1-36
• Bitter fermentation, 191
• Blood serum, 22
• Blue milk, 193
• Boracic acid, 205, 331
• Bread, bacteria in, 238
• Broth, 21
• Brownian movement, 14
• Bubonic plague, 306-308
• Buchner's tube, 141
• Butter, bacteria in, 213, 214
• — examination of, 214
• — bacterial flavouring of, 215
• Butyric fermentation, 115, 132, 191
  
  
• Carbol-fuchsin, 44
• Carbol-gelatine, 62
• Carbolic acid as a germicide, 332
• Caries, dental, 104
• Chamber, moist, 41
• Channels of infection in disease, 269
• — in tubercle, 289
• Cheese, bacteria in, 220
• Chemical products of bacteria, 241
• Chemical substances as disinfectants, 329
• — and bacteriological examination of water compared, 51
• — tests for nitrification, 158
• Chemiotaxis, 15, 248
• Chicken cholera, 320
• Chinosol as a disinfectant, 336
• Chloride of lime as a germicide, 331
• Cholera, 65-68
• — diagnosis of, 68
• — and filtration, 75
• — and milk, 200
• Chromogenic bacteria, 193, 241
• Cladothrix, 8, 33
• Clark's process, 73
• Classification, 7
• Coccus, definition of, 8
• Colon bacillus, see B. coli communis
• Comma bacillus, 66
• Commensalism, 162
• Composition of bacteria, 12-14
• Conditions affecting bacteria in water, 70
• — in milk, 186, 187
• Contagion, 270
• Corrosive sublimate as disinfectant, 331
• Counter (Wolfhügel), 49
• Cover-glass preparations, 44
• Cream, bacteria in, 213
• Crenothrix polyspora, 53
• Creosol as a germicide, 332
• Cultivation beds, 92
• Culture media, 20
• — anaërobic, 139
• — hanging drop, 44
• — plate, 40-43
• — pure, 20, 46
• — shake, 62
  
  
• Decomposition bacteria, 149
• Denitrifying bacteria, 143, 149
• Dental caries, 104
• Deodorants, 323
• Desiccation, 26
• Diagnosis, 339
• Diarrhœa of infants, 175, 316
• Diphtheria, 243-245, 289-296
• — bacillus of, 289
• — toxins of, 244, 293
• — and milk supply, 201
• — and school influence, 294, 295
• — pseudo-bacillus of, 296
• Diplococcus, definition of, 8
  Diplococcus of gonorrhœa, 300
• — in pneumonia, 313
• Directions for estimating disinfectants, etc., 324
• Disease, production of, 264
• Diseases of beer, 134
• — of plants, 35
• — of animals, 316-320
• — conveyed by water, 81
• — and soil, 173-177
• Disinfectants, 322, 331
• Disinfection, 322-336
• — of a room, 335
• — of walls, 335
• — of bedding, 335
• — of garments, 335
• — of excreta, 335
• — of wounds, 336
• — of hands, 336
• Domestic purification of water, 79
• Dunham's solution, 69
• Dysentery, 319
  
  
• Earth temperatures and disease, 175
• Economic bacteria, 145
• Egg cultures, 340
• Elsner's medium, 62
• Endospores, 17
• Enteric fever, see Typhoid
• Enzymes, 114
• Equifex disinfector, 328
• — sprayer, 334
• Erysipelas, 299
• Examination, bacteriological—
• — air, 96-99
• — cholera, 68
• — diphtheria, 290, 340
• — leprosy, 309
• — meat, 234
• — milk, 227
• — sewage, 80
• — soil, 138
• — tetanus, 170
• — tubercle, 276, 339
• — water, 43-48
• — yeasts, 119, et seq.
• Extracellular poisons, 244, 273
  
  
• Fermentation, 111-136
• — acetous, 115, 127
• — alcoholic, 115, 117
• — ammoniacal, 115, see under Soil
• — butyric, 115, 132, 191
• — lactic acid, 115, 130, 190
• Ferments, organised, 114, 115
• Ferments, unorganised, 114, 115
• — chromogenic, 193
• — curdling, 191
• — bitter, 191
• — slimy, 192
• — soapy, 193
• Films, 123
• Filter, domestic, 79
• Filter-beds, 74
• Filtration, milk, 206
• — method of air examination, 99
• — sand, 77-79
• Fission, 16
• Fixing specimens, 45
• Flagella, 15
• — staining, 63
• Food, bacteria in, 179, 180
• Foot-and-mouth disease, 320
• Formaldehyde and formalin, 205, 206, 333
• Forms of bacteria, 8
• Fränkel's tube, 140
• — pneumococcus, 314
• Friedländer's pneumo-bacillus, 315
  
  
• Gas, production of, 62, 241
• Gathering-ground, 38
• Gelatine, 21
• — carbol, 62
• — liquefaction of, 44
• Gemmation, 119
• Gentian-violet, aniline, 44
• Germicidal temperatures, 30, 207
• Germicides, 322, 331
• Glanders, 319
• Gonorrhœa, 300
• Gram's method, 44, 338
• Gravity, influence on bacteria, 106
• Gypsum block, 121
  
  
• Hæmatozoa, 320
• Hanging drop cultivations, 44
• Hansen's method of dilution, 123
• Heat as steriliser, 30, 326
• Heredity, 268, 269
• Hesse's method of air examination, 98
• Higher bacteria, 11
• High yeasts, 125
• Hot air steriliser, 31
• Hydrogen cultivation, 139
• Hydrophobia, treatment of, 253
  
  
• Ice-cream, bacteria in, 236-238
• — examination of, 236
• Immunity, 240-263
• — acquired, 247, 250
• — active, 250
• — artificial, 250
• — natural, 250
• — passive, 250
• Incubation period, 271
• Incubators, 22
• Indol, formation of, 61
• — testing for, 61
• Industries and bacteria, 135
• Influenza, 315
• Intracellular poisons, 34
• Inversive ferments, 115
• Involution forms, 12, 66
  
  
• Kipp's apparatus for producing hydrogen, 27, 139
• Klebs-Löffler bacillus, 289
• Koch's plate method, 40
• — postulates, 266
• — comma bacillus, 66
• — bacillus of tubercle, 276
  
  
• Lactic acid fermentation, 115, 130, 185, 190, 221, 226
• Lactose, 190
• Leguminosæ, fixation of nitrogen by, 163
• Leprosy, 308-313
• Leptothrix, 8, 33
• Leuconostoc, 17
• Light, influence upon bacteria, 24-26, 70
• Liquefaction of gelatine, 44, 241
• Low yeasts, 125
• Lymph, glycerinated calf, 252
• Lyon's, Washington, disinfector, 328
  
  
• Maceration industries, 135
• Malaria, 177, 320
• Malignant œdema, 19, 172
• Mallein, 319
• Mastitis, 184
• Measles, 321
• Meat, 234
• Media, culture, 20
• Merismopedia, 11
• Method of examination, 43-47
• Metropolitan water supply, 72
• Miasmatic diseases, 176
• Micrococcus, definition of, 8
• — agilis, 16
• — aquatilis, 53
• — casei amari, 226
• Micrococcus Freudenreichii, 192
• — gonorrhœæ, 299
• — tetragonus, 299
• — viscosus, 192
• Milk, bacteriology of, 178-213
• — absorptivity of, 180
• — sources of pollution, 181-184
• — number of bacteria in, 185
• — influence of temperature upon, 186
• — influence of time of standing, 187
• — fermentation bacteria in, 189
• — constitution of, 189-195
• — disease-producing power of, 195
• — and tuberculosis, 197-199, 228, 290
• — and typhoid, 199
• — and cholera, 200
• — and diphtheria, 201
• — and scarlet fever, 202
• — and thrush, 203
• — methods of preservation of, 205
• — and added antiseptics, 205, 206
• — filtration of, 206
• — sterilisation of, 207
• — pasteurisation of, 208-213
• — products, bacteria in, 213-227
• — examination of, 227
• — and economic bacteria, 215-220
• — sterile, 181
• — kinds of bacteria in, 188
• — chromogenic, 193
• — cooling processes, 207, 209
• Moist chamber, 41
• Moisture necessary for bacteria, 23
• Motility, 14
• Moulds, 116
• Mycoderma aceti, 127
  
  
• Nasal passages, bacteria in, 103
• Natural purification of water, 69
• Needles, platinum, 22, 24
• Nitrates, 147, 154
• Nitric organism, 157, 158
• Nitrification, 76, 143-159
• — chemistry of, 144-148
• — stages in, 145
• — bacteria of, 152
• Nitrifying organisms, cultivation of, 156
• Nitrogen, fixation of, 144, 160-168
• Nitrous organism, 154, 158
• Nodules on roots, bacteria in, 163
  
  
• Oidium albicans, 203
• Oxygen necessary for bacteria, 26
• Oysters and bacteria, 229-234
  
  
• Paraform for disinfection, 334
• Parasitism, 27, 162
• Parietti's method, 62
• Pasteurisation of milk, 208-213
• Pasteur's treatment of rabies, 253-258
• Perlsucht, 283
• Petri dishes, 50
• Phagocytosis, 247
• Phosphorescence, 26, 241
• Pigment, formation of, 241
• Place of bacteria in nature, 5
• Plague, 306-308
• Plant diseases, 35
• Plate cultures, 40-46
• Platinum needles, 22, 24
• Pleomorphism, 12
• Pneumo-bacillus, 315
• Pneumococcus, 313
• Pneumonia, 313
• Polymorphism, 12
• Postulates, Koch's, 266
• Potato medium, 22
• Pouchet's aëroscope, 96
• Proteolytic ferments, 115
• Proteus family, 86, 180, 297
• — vulgaris, 60, 86, 151, 194
• — zenkeri, 60
• Pseudo-diphtheria bacillus, 296
• Ptomaines, 179
• Pure culture, 20, 46
• Purification of water—
• — natural, 69
• — artificial, 73
• Pus, 296
• Putrefaction, 143-149
• Pyocyanin, 299
• Pyoxanthose, 299
  
  
• Quantitative standard for water bacteria, 48, 49
• — air bacteria, 107
• — milk bacteria, 188
• — soil bacteria, 137
• Quarter evil, 19, 171
  
  
• Rabies, treatment of, 253
• — forms of, 253
• — pathology of, 254
• — results of treatment, 256
• Reck's disinfector, 328
• Reproduction of bacteria, methods of, 16
• Retting, 135
• Rinderpest, 320
  
  
• Saccharomycetes, biology of, 119-121
• — methods of examination, 122
• — anomalous, 122
• — apiculatus, 127
• — aquifolii, 127
• — cerevisiæ, 117, 124, 126
• — conglomeratus, 126
• — ellipsoideus I., 126
• — ellipsoideus II., 126, 134
• — exiguus, 127
• — Hansenii, 127
• — illicis, 127
• — Ludwigii, 122
• — mycoderma, 127
• — pastorianus I., 127, 134
• — pastorianus II., 127
• — pastorianus III., 127, 134
• — pyriformis, 127
• Salicylic acid as antiseptic, 205, 206
• Saprophytes, 27, 166
• Sarcina, 10
• Scarlet fever, 202, 321
• Sedgwick's method of air analysis, 99
• Sedimentation, 71, 73
• Septic processes, 296
• — tank, 90
• Sewage, organisms in, 84
• — bacterial treatment of, 89
• Sewer air, 87
• — and toxicity of bacteria, 105
• Shake culture, 62
• Shell-fish and bacteria, 229, 234
• Small-pox, 251, 321
• Soil, bacteriology of, 137
• — examination of, 138
• — kinds of bacteria in, 142-145
• — and its relation to disease, 173, 176, 177
• Species of bacteria, 29
• Spirillum, definition of, 11
• — of cholera, 66
• Spontaneous generation, 2
• Spores, kinds of, 17-19
• — resistance of, 19, 278
• — staining of, 19
• — of yeasts, 122
• Staining methods, 45
• Staphylococcus, 10, 296
• — cereus albus, 297
• — pyogenes aureus, 88, 108, 297
• Steam as a disinfector, 326
• — disinfectors, 327-329
• — steriliser, 326
• — saturated, 327
• — superheated, 327
  Steam current, 327
• Sterilisation, 29-31
• — methods of, 30, 31
• Streptococcus, 9, 297
• — pyogenes, 299
• — Hollandicus, 192
• Streptothrix, 317
• Structure of bacteria, 8
• Sulphurous acid as a germicide, 332
• Suppuration, 296-301
• Swine fever, 320
• Symbiosis, 162
• Symptomatic anthrax, 171
  
  
• Table of economic bacteria in soil, 145
• Temperature, influence of, on bacteria, 23
• Tetanus, 19, 168, 245
• — toxin of, 168
• Thresh's disinfector, 328
• Thrush, 203
• Tissues, effect of, on bacteria, 267
• Tobacco-curing, 136
• Toxins, 28, 241-247, 272
• Tuberculin, 281
• Tuberculosis, 274-292
• — pathology of, 274
• — varieties of, 275
• — history of, 276
• — conveyed by the air, 104
• — and the milk supply, 196-198, 290
• — giant cells in, 275
• — bacillus of, 276
• — cultivation of bacillus of, 277
• — spores of, 277
• — relation of bacillus to disease, 279
• — toxins of, 281
• — of animals, 283
• — prevention of, 286-292
• — disinfection in cases of, 292
• — decline of, 288
• — and overcrowding, 288
• — channels of infection in, 289
• — expectoration in, 290
• Tuberculosis and house influence, 291
• — and glanders, 319
• Typhoid fever, 56
• — bacillus of, 55-58
• — micro-pathology, 57
• — bacillus compared with B. coli, 58
• — bacillus in sewage, 59
• — bacillus in drinking water, 60
• — tests for bacillus of, 61-64
• — and soil, 173, 176
• — conveyed by the air, 105
• — and milk supply, 199
• Tyrotoxicon, 205, 237
  
  
• Unit of antitoxin, 263
• Urea, 148
  
  
• Vaccination, 251-253
• Vaccines, plague, 257, 259
• — cholera, 257
• — small-pox, 251
• Vaccinia, 251
• Variolation, 250, 251
• Virulence increased, 32
• — diminished, 36
  
  
• Water, bacteria in, 37-84
• — number of bacteria in, 38
• — examination of, 39-52
• — disease organisms found in, 55
• — natural purification of, 69
• — artificial purification of, 73
• — filtration of, 74
• — domestic purification of, 79
• — pollution of, 82
• Wheat supply and bacteria, 161
• Widal reaction, 63, 340
• Wooden tongue, 318
• Wool-sorters' disease, 305
  
  
• Yeasts, 116
• Yellow fever, 316
  
  
• Ziehl-Neelsen stain, 44, 340