[1] Pontoppidan's History of Norway, p. 248.
[3] The famous Dunstan was also an excellent blacksmith.
[4] Oläi. Worm. Lit. Run. p. 129; Bartholin. p. 420.
[5] Asser. in Vit. Ælfredi.
[6] De Moribus Germ.
[7] Hist. Ramsien. apud Gale, vol. i. an. 85.
[8] A. D. 960, can. 64, Johnson's Canons.
[10] No. 2253, fol. 108.
[11] In the original it is purry poume, that is rotten apple.
[12] The cross-bow.
[13] That is, to practise with lances, two persons running one against the other.
[14] Armour.
[16] Hunting.
[17] In the first chapter, p. 17, the reader will find the animals to be hunted divided into three classes; namely, beasts of venery, beasts of chase, and raskals, or vermin. The horn was sounded in a different manner according to the class of the beasts pursued.
[18] Morte Arthur, translated from the French by sir Thomas Mallory, knight, and first printed by Caxton, A.D. 1481. "The English," says a writer of our own country, "are so naturally inclined to pleasure, that there is no countrie wherein gentlemen and lords have so many and so large parkes, only reserved for the purpose of hunting." And again, "Our progenitors were so delighted with hunting, that the parkes are nowe growne infinite in number, and are thought to containe more fallow deere than all the Christian world besides." Itinerary of Fynes Moryson, published in 1617, part iii. book iii. cap. 3.
[19] To learn.
[20] Written also paume; that is, hand-tennice.
[21] Romance of Three Kings' Sons and the King of Sicily, Harl. MS. 326.
[22] Mem. Anc. Cheval. tom. i. p. 16.
[23] Harl. MS. 2252.
[24] Ibid.
[25] Printed by Copeland; black letter, without date; Garrick's Collection, K. vol. ix.
[26] That is, all of the lords and other nobility who were seated in the hall.
[27] For vierge escu, a virgin shield, or a white shield, without any devices, such as was borne by the tyros in chivalry who had not performed any memorable action.
[28] A sword without edge or point, as it is explained in the following articles.
[29] That is, with heads without points, or blunted so that, they could do no hurt.
[30] Foyne, or foin, signifies to push or thrust with the sword, instead of striking.
[31] Harl. MS. 69.
[32] Hall, in Life of Henry VIII.
[33] Arte of Rhetorike by Tho. Wilson, fol. 67.
[34] Fynes Moryson's Itinerary, published A. D. 1617.
[35] Coursing, I presume, he means.
[36] I here omit a long train of royal reasoning in confutation of the assertions of the learned men his majesty alludes to in this passage.
[37] Biograph. Brit. p. 1236.
[38] No. 17, D. iii.
[39] Crowd is an ancient name for the violin.
[40] See the first and second chapters in the body of the work.
[41] The words of Fitz Stephen are, "Puellarum cithara ducit choros, et pede libero pulsatur tellus, usque imminente lunâ." The word cithara, Stow renders, but I think not justly, timbrels.
[42] Vol. i. p. 257.
[43] Athen. Oxon. ii. col. 812; and see Granger's Biographical History, vol. ii. p. 398 8vo.
[44] In his Proverbs, part I, chap. 11
[45] Scuta ex argento facta.
[46] Bede, Eccl. Hist. lib. ii. cap. 16.
[47] Dr. Henry's Hist. vol. ii. lib. v. cap. 7.
[48] See the Northumberland Family-Book.
[49] Johan. Sarisburiensis, lib. i. c. 8. p. 34.
[50] Smale harpers with ther glees.
[51] Cornmuse and Shalmes—many a floyte and lytlyngehorne.
[52] Pypes made of grene corne are also mentioned in the Romance of the Rose.
[53] These are the author's own words.
[54] In the chapters on Minstrels, Jugglers, &c. pp. 170, 197. The plays and pageants exhibited at court are described in the chapter treating on Theatrical Amusements, p. 150.
[55] [Before 1801.]
[56] Garrick's Collection of Old Plays, H. vol. iii.
[57] No. 2220, fol. 7
[58] Or waits, the band of city minstrels.
[59] See further on, p. xlvi.
[60] These passages do not prove that the historian was disgusted with the pageantry, abstractedly considered, but rather with the occasion of its exhibition; for, he speaks of the same kind of spectacles, with commendation, both anterior and subsequent to the present show, which do not appear to have had the least claim for superiority in point of reason or consistency.
[61] Armour.
[62] "The Word of God;" meaning the Bible published in English by his authority, which was prohibited in the sanguinary reign of his fanatic daughter.
[63] Holinshed, vol. iii. pp. 1091, 1120, &c.
[64] Called below a flower-de-luce, an animal I am not in the least acquainted with.
[65] No. 1968.
[66] Harl. MS. 2125.
[67] Garrick's Collection of Old Plays.
[68] Cotton MS. Titus, B. i.
[69] See the account of the court ludi in the chapter on Theatrical Exhibitions.
[70] The reader may find accounts of most of these excursions in a work entitled The Progresses of Queen Elizabeth, in two volumes 4to. published by Mr. Nichols.
[71] This account is chiefly taken from a small pamphlet called Princely Pleasure at Kenelworth Castle. Progresses, vol. i.
[72] Harl. MS. 6395, entitled Merry Passages and Jests, art. 221.
[73] Tempest, act ii, scene iv.
[74] There actually was such a monkey exhibited at that time near Charing-Cross, but in the bills which were given to the public he is called a Wild Hairy Man, and they tell us he performed all that the Spectator relates concerning him; but this subject is treated more fully in the body of the work.
[75] Spectator, vol. i. No. 14.
[76] Spectator, vol. i. No 31, dated Thursday, April 5, 1711.
[77] A man famous at that time for imitating a variety of musical instruments with his voice, and, among others, the bells. See his bill of performance, at p. 255.
[78] All these pastimes the reader will find particularised, under their proper heads, in the body of the work.
[79] "To pass over griefe," says an author of our own, "the Italians sleepe, the English go to playes, the Spaniards lament, and the Irish bowl," &c. Fynes Moryson's Itinerary, in 1617, part iii. book i. cap. 3.
[80] The reader will find this subject particularly treated on, in the chapter that relates to minstrels and music, in the body of the work.
[81] Hentzner's Itinerary, published by lord Orford, at Strawberry-hill, pp. 88, 89.
[82] Hist. Angl. lib. xiii.
[83] De Rerum Invent, lib. v. cap. 2.
[84] Tatler, No. 134, dated Thursday, Feb. 16, 1709.
[85] See a pamphlet written by John Northbrooke. published in the reign of queen Elizabeth, without date.
[86] School of Abuse, published 1579.
[87] Gosson, I hope, was acquainted with the vulgar part of the audience only, or, which is more probable, spoke from report, and that exaggerated.
[88] Admonition to Parliament, by Tho. Cartwright, published A. D. 1572.
[89] Still, for stay. The Pope's Kingdom, book iv. translated from the Latin of Tho. Neogeorgus, by Barnabe Googe, and dedicated to queen Elizabeth, A. D. 1570.
[90] John Field, in his Declaration of God's Judgment at Paris Garden, published A. D. 1503, fol. 9.
[91] Field, ut supra. See also D. Beard's Theatre of God's Judgments.
[92] Entitled, A Treatise concerning the Sabbath, published A. D. 1636.
[93] Page 25.
[94] The Pope's Kingdom, from Neogeorgus by Googe.
[95] Thomas Hall, B. D. Pastor of King's Norton, in his pamphlet entitled Funebria Floræ; or, the Down-fall of May-Games; published 1660.
[97] Benedict. Abbas, Vit. Ric. I. edit, à Hearne, tom. ii. p. 610.
[98] The words in the original, as quoted by Du Cange, are these: "Nec ludant ad aleas vel taxillos, nec sustineant ludos fieri de rege et regina," &c. The game of king and queen he conceives to have been some game with the cards; but most authors who have written upon the subject of playing cards, think that they were not known at that period, at least in this country: it is certain, however, that in the time of Elizabeth, the game of king and queen was understood to mean the playing with cards. "John Heywood, the great epigrammatist," according to Camden, "used to say he did not love to play at kinge and queene, but at Christmasse, according to the old order of Englande; that few men plaiyed at cardes but at Christmasse; and then almost all, men and boyes." Camden's Remains, p. 378. I have ventured to substitute chess for cards, in which game the two principal pieces are the king and the queen, and are so denominated in a MS. nearly coeval with the edict. See the account of this game in the body of the work.
[99] An. 11 Hen. VII. cap. 2.
[100] No householder might permit the games prohibited by the statute to be practised in their houses, excepting on the holidays, as before specified, under the penalty of six shillings and eightpence for every offence.
[101] Survey of London, p. 79.
[102] Pilam manualem, pedinam, et bacculoream, et ad cambucam, &c.
[103] Rot. Claus. 39 Ed. III. m. 23.
[104] The magistrates are commanded to seize upon the said tables, dice, cards, boules, closhes, tennice-balls, &c. and to burn them.
[105] An. 17 Edw. II. cap. 3.
[106] Nul enfaunt ne autres jeur a barres, ne a autres jues nient convenebles come a oustre chaperon des gentz, ne a mettre en eux, &c. Rot. Pari. an. 6 Edw. III. Harl. MS. 7058.
[107] [Before 1801.]
[108] Survey of London, p. 85.
[109] It was afterwards converted into small cottages, which were let, at large rents, to strangers and others, Ibid. p. 158.
[110] Stephen Gosson, in The School of Abuse, 1579.
[111] That is, cards and dice; an old anonymous poem "of Covetice," cited by Warton, History of Poetry, vol. ii. p. 316.
[112] In the Manners and Customs of the English; the Chronicle of England; and more particularly in the View of the Dresses of the English; vol. i. p. 73. vol. ii. p. 140, &c.
[114] Harl. MS. 2252.
[115] Confessio Amantis.
[116] Warton's History of English Poetry, vol. iii. p. 311.
[117] Part ii. sect 2. cap. 4.
[118] No. 57, A. D. 1711.
[119] Vespasian, B. xii. There are also three copies of this MS. but more modern, in the Royal Library. [See sec. xiii. of the present chapter.]
[120] Dio Nicæus ex Xiphilin.
[121] Lib. iv.
[122] Cæsar Bel. Gal. lib. vi.
[123] Cæsar Bel. Gal. lib. vi.
[124] Asser. in Vit. Ælfredi.
[125] Will. Malmsbury. Hist. Reg. Anglorum, lib. ii. cap. 6.
[126] Ibid. cap. 8.
[127] Ibid. ut sup. cap. 13.
[128] Ibid.
[129] Montfaucon Monarch. Fran. and Ducarel's Anglo-Norman Antiquities.
[130] Tiberius, B. v.
[131] No. 2, B. vii.
[132] Will. Malmsbury, lib. iv.
[133] Johan. Sarisburiensis de Nugis Curialium, lib. i. cap. 4.
[134] Blount's Ancient Tenures, p. 135.
[135] "Fort chiens et chiens de levries," Froissart. Chron. vol. i. cap. 210.
[136] Froissart, vol. iv.
[137] Wellwood's Memoirs, p. 35.
[138] Harl. MS. No. 6395, anonymous, entitled "Merry Passages and Jeasts."
[139] Sir Thomas More's Poems. See also Warton's History of English Poetry, 4to vol. iii. p. 101.
[140] Constitut. Cnut. Reg. de Forest, apud Spelm. Gloss, et Wilkins, Leg. Sax. p. 146.
[141] Leges Cnuti, apud Lambard, cap. 77.
[142] Ibid. cap. 15.
[143] Carta de Foresta, cap. 11.
[144] Faciat cornare, ibid. cap. 17.
[145] Spelman's Answer to the Apology for Archbishop Abbot.
[146] Canterbury Tales by Chaucer. Numerous quotations might be made from other writers in addition to those above; but they are sufficient for my purpose.
[147] Stat. 13 Rich. II.
[148] An. 21 Hen. II. A. D. 1157. See Spelman's Answer to the Apology for Archbishop Abbot.
[149] P. Blensens. epist. lvi. p. 81
[150] Knyghton, apud Decem Script, p. 263.
[151] Stephanid. vit. S. Thom.
[152] Vide Spelman ut supra.
[153] Claudius. A. 2.
[154] Garrick's Collection of Old Plays, K. vol. ix.
[155] The following extracts prove king John to have been exceedingly partial to this kind of dogs. Rot. Pip. iv. Reg. Johan. A. D. 1203. Rog. constab. Cestriæ debet D marcas et X palfridos et X laissas Leporariorum, &c. that is, five hundred marks, ten horses, and ten leashes of greyhounds.—An. xi. Johan. 1210. Rog. de Mallvell redd. comp, de 1 palfrido velociter currente et 2 laissiüs Leporariorum, one swift running horse, and six greyhounds.
[156] Garrick's Collec. K. vol. x.
[157] 2. B. vii. [In the original drawing, and on Mr. Strutt's plate, the figures pursuing and pursued are in a line together: but for the purpose of including all the figures within the preceding page, the lady on horseback is placed above, instead of behind the female archer.]