[492] See more upon this subject in the Encyclopédie François, art. Tournoi.
[493] Chronique de Tours.
[494] Perambulation of Kent, p. 492.
[495] Hist. Angl. A.D. 1179.
[496] Harl. MS. 69.
[497] Origines des Chevaliers, &c.
[498] No. 69.
[499] Or ooyez, for Ouïr, more literally Hear now; and the words are repeated.
[500] Marche, part of the lists I presume, or portion of ground appropriated to the tournament.
[501] Feront clouer leurs armes, literally nail them; the clouage or nail money, as we shall see afterwards, was the perquisite of the heralds.
[502] "Mettra sa banier, au commencement dedits bastons et clouera la blason de ses armes, a lautre vout." The passage is by no means clear; I have therefore given the words of the original.
[503] A l'aschevier, chevaliers, &c.
[504] Hors chevaliers, &c.
[505] No. 14. E. iii.
[506] The minstrels of the barons are behind them in Mr. Strutt's quarto plate, as in the MS. illumination; on the present page, the minstrels are placed below the combatants, in order to accommodate the figures to the space presented by the octavo size.
[507] Harl. MS. 69.
[508] Coutel, literally a knife.
[509] Cotton MS. Nero D. vi. and Harl. MS. 69, ut supra
[510] "Avec une grele de coups." Encyclop. Fran. in voce tournoi.
[511] Harl. MS. 69.
[512] Glossary, in voce justa.
[513] "Pugnæ facere quod justam vocant." Hist. Novellæ, fol. 106, sub an. 1142.
[514] Matthew Paris properly distinguishes it from the tournament. "Non hastiludio, quod torneamentum dicitur, sed—ludo militari, qui mensa rotunda dicitur." Hist. Angl. sub an. 1252.
[515] Glossary, in voce mensa rotunda.
[516] Rogerus de Mortuo Mari. Tho. Walsingham. Hist. Angl. sub an. 1280, fol. 3.
[517] Tho. Walsingham. Hist. Angl. sub an. 1344, fol. 154. Vol. iii. chap. lix.
[518] Froissart, vol. iii. chap. cxxxiii. fol. 148, lord Berners' translation.
[519] No. 14, E. iii.
[520] [In the original engraving the knights are opposed to each other on the same line: in the present they are separated, and one placed below, in order to represent them within the octavo page of the size is the quarto.]
[521] Essais Hist. sur Paris, vol. iii. p. 263.
[522] Ibid. vol. i. p. 327.
[523] As the ladies, say some modern authors, were l'ame, the soul of the justs, it was proper that they should be therein distinguished by some peculiar homage; and, accordingly at the termination of a just with lances, the last course was made in honour of the sex, and called the lance of the ladies. The same deference was paid to them in single combats with the sword, the axe, and the dagger. Encyclop. Fran. article joute.
[524] See sect. vii. p. 118.
[525] See book ii. chap. ii. sec. xviii. p. 87.
[526] No. 1, B vii.
[527] See what has been said respecting the quintain upon the water, sect. v. p. 116.
[528] Nichols's Progresses, vol. i. p. 56.
[529] No. 69.
[530] Son to king Edward IV., who lost his life with his brother Edward in the Tower.
[531] Titus, A. xxiii, part i. fol. 7.
[532] Fitzstephen's Description of London.
[533] Quendam ludum de sancta Katerina (quam miracula vulgariter appellamus) fecit. Vitæ Abbat. p. 35
[534] Essay on the Origin of the English Stage, vol. 1.
[535] Stow's Survey of London, p. 76.
[536] Vespasian, D. viii.
[537] Warwickshire, p. 116.
[538] Digby, 113.
[539] See the Manners and Customs of the English, where this subject is treated upon more largely.
[540] See more upon this subject in the following chapter.
[541] By writing and preaching against them. A monkish author of the twelfth century says of them, "Etiam illi quo obscænio partibus corporis oculis omnium eam ingerunt turpitudinem, quam erubescat videre vel cynicus, &c." Joh. Sarisburensis de Nugis Curialium, lib. i. cap. viii. p. 34.
[542] Dugdale's Monast. vol. ii. p. 568.
[543] Vitæ Abbatum, p. 6.
[544] Or rather we should say, the French king was meant by the horse, &c.
[545] Prologue to the Monk's Tale, which consists of seventeen short stories or tragedies, of which, he tells us, he had an hundred in his cell.
[546] Survey of Cornwall, Lond. 1602, p. 71.
[547] [It is proper to observe, that the Harleian manuscript of the "Guary-Miracle," referred to by Mr. Strutt, entitled "The Creation of the World, with Noah's Flood, written in Cornish by William Jordan, with an English translation by John Keigwin," has been carefully edited by Davies Gilbert Esq. M.P. F.R.S. F.S.A. &c. and printed by Mr. J. B. Nichols in one volume 8vo. 1827. Mr. Davies Gilbert, who, subsequent to that work was elected president of the Royal Society, had previously edited and given to the public a remarkable Cornish poem called "Mount Calvary," also translated by John Keigwin, with a memoir of Keigwin, and some particulars of his family, by Nicholas Harris Nicolas, esq. F.S.A. These two volumes, and another on "Ancient Christmas Carols, with the tunes to which they were formerly sung in the West of England," also by Mr. Gilbert, are highly valuable additions to our metrical and dramatic archæologia. The airs of the carols are especially curious; and the preface to them contains accounts of a versified play exhibiting the prowess of St. George over a Mahometan adversary, and of a rustic farce which usually followed it.]
[548] A treatise against dicing, dancing, vain plays, or interludes, &c. by John Northbrooke.
[549] Wardrobe roll of Edward III.
[550] Warton's Hist. Eng. Poet. vol. i. p. 238.
[551] Warton, vol. iii. p. 156. See also Dr. Henry, Hist. Brit. vol. vi. book vi. chap. 7.
[552] No. 264. This MS. was completed in the year 1343.
[553] Vita Hen. VIII. fol. 59.
[554] Broom.
[555] Beacon.
[556] Hall's Union. Vita Hen. VIII. fol. 9.
[557] Harl. MS. 69, p. 31.
[558] October the eighth.
[559] Pine apple.
[560] A rose tree.
[561] Head dress.
[562] Pleasaunce was a fine thin species of gauze, which was striped with gold.
[563] Hall, ut sup fol. 59.
[564] Laneham's account of the sports at Kenelworth Castle, in Nichols's Progresses of queen Elizabeth, vol. i. p. 22.
[565] Owing to the discontinuance of the play they might have been lost, and probably the time did not permit them to be written anew. Reliq. Anc. Poet. vol. i. p. 142.
[566] Laneham ut supra, p. 24.
[567] See sect. vi. p. 153.
[568] [In 1801.]
[569] See the Introduction.
[570] No. xiv. vol. i. first published in 1711.
[571] No. 5931.
[572] Biogr. Hist. vol. iv. p. 350.
[573] [Before 1801.]
[574] Ammianus Marcell. lib. xv. cap. 9.
[575] Diodorus Siculus, lib. v. cap. 31.
[576] Bartholin de causis contemp. a Danis Mortis, lib. i. cap. 2, et Wormii Lit. Run. ad finim.
[577] Spel. Concil. tom. i. p. 455.
[578] Vespasian, A. i.
[579] Tiberius, C. vi.
[580] Pontoppidan. Hist. Norway, p. 148.
[581] Wace, Hist. de tut les Reys de Brittaigne, continued by Geoffrai Gaimer, MS. in the Royal Library, marked 13 A. xxi.
[582] No. 603.
[583] Bede's Eccles. Hist. lib. iv. cap. 24.
[584] Fauchet, Origine de la Langue et Poësie Françoise, 1581, liv. i. chap. viii. fol. 72.
[585] Le Grand, Fables, ou Contes des 12. 13. Siècles, tom. v.
[586] Dr. Henry, Hist. Brit. vol. viii. sect. 3. chap. 5. p. 502.
[587] Fauchet des anciens Poets François, liv. ii. chap. vii. p. 92; and see Walpole Royal and Noble Authors, vol. i. p. 6.
[588] Confessio Amantis, lib. vii.
[589] The thirde boke of Fame.
[590] Edition of 1550.
[591] The ale here evidently implies the place where ale was sold. Ibid. pass. 1.
[592] A reward. Ibid. pass. xi.
[593] P. Ploughman, pass. primus.
[594] Fabiliaux et Contes, edit. Par. tom. ii. p. 161.
[595] Malmsb. lib. ii. cap. 4.
[596] Hist. p. 869.
[597] Ibid. lib. ii. cap. 6.
[598] App. to Leland's Collect. vol. vi. p. 36.
[599] At this time there was also a sergeant of the minstrels. See Essay on Ancient Minstrels, Reliques of Ancient Poetry, vol. i.
[600] Book ii. chap. 9.
[601] Lib. iv. sat. i.
[602] Stow's Survey of Lond. p. 84 and 85
[603] Pass. xi.
[605] Benedict. Abbas, sub an. 1190. Hoveden writes thus: "Cantores et joculatores de illo canerent in plateis; ut jam dicebatur ubique quod non erat talis in orbe;" declaring every where that his equal was not in the world. Hist. p. 103.
[606] Orderic. Vitalis, Eccles. Hist. pp. 880, 881.
[607] The author uses these words: "Intravit quædam mulier ornata histrionali habitu, equum bonum insidens histrionaliter phaleratum, quæ mensas more histrionem circuivit," &c. Tho. Walsingham, Hist. Anglæ sub an. 1317, p. 85.
[608] Non esse moris domus regiæ histriones ab ingressu quemlibet prohibere.
[609] Essay upon Ancient Minstrels, in Reliques of Ancient Poetry.
[610] The first in the Pardoner's Tale, and the last in the Romance of the Rose. See the article on tumbling and dancing in a succeeding section.
[611] Harl. MS. 1764.
[612] Sir John Hawkin's History of Music, vol. ii. p. 298.
[614] MS. Nero, C viii.
[615] Harl. MS. 541.
[616] The word noise signifies a company. The reader will find the application of many such terms to different trades and professions in p. 24.
[617] Hist. and Antiq. Oxon. lib. i. p. 67, sub an. 1224.
[618] "Regi Roberto ministrallo, scut. ad arma commoranti ad vadia regis, capientur per diem 12 en." &c. MS. Cott. Vespasianus, C. xvi.
[619] "Regi Roberto, et aliis ministrallis diversis, facientibus ministralsias suas coram rege et aliis magnatibus, de dono ipsius regis, per manus dicti regis Roberti, recipientis denarios ad participandum inter eosdem, apud Eboracum, 20 die Feb. 40 marc." MS. Cott. Nero, C. viii.
[620] Dugd. Monast. vol. i. fol. 355.
[621] Collection of Old Ballads, London, 1723.
[622] Chaucer, in the Romance of the Rose, where the title Roy des Ribaulx occurs in the original, translates it "king of harlotes."
[623] Origines des Dignitez et Magistrats de France, fol. 43.
[624] Will. Malmsb. p. 93, col. 1.
[625] Johan. Sarisburiensis de Nugis Curial. lib. i. cap. 8; lib. iii. cap. 7. Matt. Paris, in Vit. Hen. III. sub an. 1251, &c.
[626] "Infinitum histrionum et joculatorum multitudinem, sine cibo et muneribus, va cuam et mœrentum abire permisit." Chron. Virtziburg.
[627] Origine de la Langue et Poësie Françoise, lib. i. cap. 4.
[628] Harl. MS. 2252.
[629] All idleness I hate.
[630] A confectioner.
[631] That is, if he could tell falsehoods to make men laugh.
[632] Lack, or want.
[633] Because.
[634] Dance, nor jump. Pass. xiv.
[635] Duty in their several stations.
[636] Lord Berners' Froissart, vol. iv. cap. 41.
[637] Anstis, Ord. Gart. vol. ii. p. 303.
[638] Liber de Computis Garderobæ, MS. Cott. Lib. Nero, C. viii. fol.82.
[639] Cheveretter, or bagpiper; from chevre, a bagpipe, and tregettor, or juggler, a slight of hand player; Ibid. See more on this subject in the next chapter relating to the joculator.
[640] Garcionis; from the French garçon, a boy, or lad. In this instance it probably means an apprentice, or servant. Ibid. p. 83.
[641] Another entry specifies twenty shillings paid to Robert le Foll to buy himself boclarium, a buckler, to play, ad ludendum, before the king. ibid. p. 85.
[642] "Scolas ministrallis in partibus trans mare." Liber de Computis Garderobæ, MS. Cott. Lib. Nero, C. viii. p. 276.
[643] Ibid.
[644] "Facienti ministralsiam suam coram imagine Beatæ Mariæ in Veltam, rege presente, 5 sol." Ibid. p. 277.
[645] Ibid. p. 290.
[646] Ibid.
[647] MS. in the Remembrancer's Office. See the extract in Dr. Henry's British History, vol. vi. Appendix, No. V.
[648] From another MS. in the same office. Ibid.
[649] See the next chapter, under the account of the joculators.
[650] Leland's Collectanea, pp. 61. 99.