[651] See p. 189.

[652] Garrick's Collection of Old Plays.

[653] "Un tabourin d'argent semé de plaques aussi d'argent." Origine de la Langue et Poësie Françoise, lib. i. cap. viii. fol. 72

[654] Supplement to Du Cange.

[655] Chaucer, House of Fame, book iii.

[656] No. 1315.

[657] Frankeleyn's Tale.

[658] House of Fame, book iii.

[659] The original runs thus: "And they runnen togidre a great randoum; and they frunchen togidre full fiercely, and they breken thare speres so rudely, that the tronchouns flen in sprotes and peces alle about the halle." Mandevile's Travels, p. 285. I have modernized the English in many places, for sometimes it is hardly intelligible.

[660] Ibid.

[661] That is, they were frighted, expecting to be drowned by the rising of the water.

[662] Froissart's Chronicle by lord Berners, vol. iii. chap. 392, fol. 272.

[663] Dæmonologie.

[664] See "The Conjuror Unveiled," a small pamphlet translated from the French; which gives a full account of these curious pieces of mechanism, and of several others equally surprising.

[665] Mr. Tyrwhitt, in his excellent edition of Chaucer's "Canterbury Tales," vol. iii. p. 299.

[666] "The Daunce of Macabre," translated, or rather paraphrased, from the French. In this Daunce, Death is represented addressing himself to persons of all ranks and ages. John Lydgate was a monk of St. Edmondsbury Abbey. MS. Harl. No. 116.

[667] The meaning is, that Death will come shortly, and not be deceived by any false appearances.

[668] Schevid, for achieved, that is to say, performed.

[669] Or any astrological judgment derived from the stars or their influence; for the jugglers usually pretended to be astrologers and soothsayers. See the Essay on Ancient Minstrels, prefixed to the Reliques of Ancient Poetry, by the bishop of Dromore.

[670] Legerdemain; a corrupted word, derived from the French, signifying properly slights of hand, such as are usually performed by the modern jugglers.

[671] More cunning tricks.

[672] Garrick's Collection of Old Plays, K. vol. ii.

[673] "Janino le tregettor, facienti ministralsiam suam coram rege," &c.; that is, to Janino the tregetour, for performing his minstrelsy before the king, in his chamber near the priory of Swineshead, twenty shillings. Lib. Comput. Garderobæ, an. 4 Edw. II. fol. 86. MS. Cott. Nero, C. viii.

[674] The same as the modern hurdy-gurdy.

[675] Their performances are thus described by a French poet who wrote in the year 1230:

C'il juggleurs in pies esturent,
S'ont vielles et harpes prisses
Chansons, sons, vers, et reprises,
Et gestes chante nos ont.
Du Cange, in voce Joculator.

See also sir John Hawkins's History of Music, vol ii. 44.

[676] Essais Hist. sur Paris, vol. ii. p. 39.