Schedule A:
University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa.
Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, Pa.
Bellevue Medical College, New York, N. Y.
University of New York, New York, N. Y.
College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, N. Y.
Harvard University.
University of Michigan.
Schedule B specifies at length the requirements for the examination mentioned in sec. 13.
Fees.—Persons registered under sec. 2 are not required to pay a fee.
For registration under secs. 11 and 12, not exceeding $20, to be fixed by the society.
To the council, for a license under sec. 15, $5.
An annual fee is required to be paid by members of the society, not more than $5 annually, as levied by the council (ib., s. 17).
For registration under sec. 19, such fees as the council may appoint.
College of Physicians, etc.—All persons residing in the province authorized to practise medicine, surgery, or midwifery therein, and registered under this law, are constituted a corporation by the name of “The College of Physicians and Surgeons of the Province of Quebec” (R. S., 1888, art. 3,969).
The affairs of the college are conducted by a board of governors, forty in number, chosen as provided in the act and known as the “Provincial Medical Board” (ib., art. 3,972 to 3,975).
Qualification.—No person can lawfully practise medicine, surgery, or midwifery unless he has obtained a license from the said board and unless he be registered (ib., art. 3,976).
Every person who obtains a medical degree or diploma in any university or college mentioned in art. 3,972 is entitled to such license without examination as to his medical knowledge or skill, provided such diploma has only been given after four years of medical study from the date of admission to study and according to the requirements of the act; provided, the said board has power to grant the same privileges to holders of degrees or diplomas of medicine and surgery from other British colonial or French universities or colleges (ib., art. 3,977).
The colleges referred to in art. 3,792 are: Laval University at Quebec, Laval University at Montreal, University of McGill College, University of Bishops College, The Incorporated School of Medicine and Surgery of Montreal affiliated with the University of Victoria College or with any other British university. The privilege above conferred on holders of degrees or diplomas from British colleges and universities is extended to every person whose name is entered upon the medical register under the Imperial Medical Act of 1886 (49-50 Vict., c. 48) or of any act amending the same (ib., art. 3,977 a, as added by Act 1889, c. 39).
The law prescribes the preliminary qualifications for admission to study medicine, surgery, or midwifery to be ascertained by examination. No one is entitled to the license of the college on presentation of a diploma unless previously admitted to study in accordance with these conditions, or unless he has passed an equivalent preliminary examination before a college, school or board authorized by law to require and cause such preliminary examinations to be passed in Her British Majesty’s other possessions (ib., arts. 3,978, 3,979).
A candidate for a license to practise desiring to be registered, and who has not obtained a degree or diploma in medicine from any institution mentioned in art. 3,972 (supra) must, before being entitled to such license and to register, pass an examination before the board as to his knowledge and skill for the efficient practice of medicine, surgery, and midwifery. Upon passing the examination and proving to the satisfaction of the examiners that he has, in an institution for the teaching of medicine in Her Majesty’s possessions, complied with the rules and regulations made by the provincial board, and on payment of such fees as the board may by general by-law establish, such person shall be entitled to a license (ib., art. 3,980).
All persons coming from any recognized college outside of Her Majesty’s possessions desirous of obtaining a license from the College of Physicians and Surgeons of the province must previously pass a preliminary examination before the examiners appointed by the board or establish to the satisfaction of the board that they have already passed equivalent examinations, and they must moreover follow in one of the schools of medicine in the province a complete course (for six months) of lectures, and such other course or courses as shall be necessary to complete the curriculum required by the board. They may pass their professional examination immediately after their preliminary examination (ib., art. 3,981).
Powers of Medical Board.—The board of governors of the College of Physicians and Surgeons has among other powers the power to examine all credentials and documents purporting to entitle the bearer to a license to practise and all diplomas, degrees, or other qualifications sought to be registered, and to require the bearer to attest on oath, to be administered by the chairman, that he is the person whose name is mentioned therein, and that he became legally possessed thereof; and to register in the books of the college the name, age, place of residence and birth of every member of the profession practising in the province, the date of his license and the place where he obtained it (ib., art. 3,982).
The provincial medical board, among other powers, has the power to make regulations respecting the tariffs or rates to be charged in towns and counties for medical, obstetrical, or surgical advice, or for attendance or for the performance of any operation or for any medicines prescribed or supplied. The tariff must be approved by the lieutenant-governor in council, and can only come into force six months after its publication once in the Quebec Official Gazette, and that of the order in council approving the same. The tariff does not, in case of suit, obviate the necessity of proof of giving the advice, care, prescriptions, medicines, and other things therein mentioned (ib., art. 3,983).
The said board has power to fix the fees for license and registration (ib., art. 3,984).
Qualifications of Candidate.—The qualifications of a candidate for a license are:
1. That he holds a certificate of study from a licensed physician for the period intervening between the courses of lectures which he has followed.
2. That he has reached the age of twenty-one years.
3. That he has followed his studies during a period of not less than four years, commencing from the date of his admission by the board to study medicine.
4. That during said four years he attended at some university, college, or incorporated school of medicine within Her Majesty’s possessions not less than two six-months’ courses of general or descriptive anatomy, of practical anatomy, of surgery, of the practice of medicine, of midwifery, of chemistry, of materia medica and general therapeutics, of the institutions of medicine or physiology and general pathology, of clinical medicine, and of clinical surgery; one six-months’ course or two three-months’ courses of medical jurisprudence, one three-months’ course of botany, one three-months’ course of hygiene, and a course of not less than twenty-five demonstrations upon microscopic anatomy, physiology, and pathology.
5. That he attended the general practice of a hospital in which are contained not less than fifty beds under the charge of not less than two physicians or surgeons, for not less than one and one-half years or three periods of not less than six months each.
6. That he has attended six cases of labor and compounded medicines for six months.
Each six-months’ course shall have consisted of one hundred and twenty lectures except in the case of clinical medicine, clinical surgery, and medical jurisprudence.
Of four years’ study required by this section, three six-months’ sessions, at least, must be passed in attending upon lectures at a university, college, or incorporated school of medicine recognized by the board.
The first of such courses must have been attended during the session immediately succeeding the preliminary examination, and the last during the fourth year of study, and the candidates must undergo an examination on the final subjects of the curriculum at the end of the session in the fourth year of study (ib., art. 3,985).
Members of College.—All persons obtaining a license to practise from the College of Physicians and Surgeons of the province are members of the college, but are not eligible for governors within four years from the date of their admission as members (ib., art. 3,986).
Women.—The provincial medical board has power to make regulations respecting the admission of women to the study and practice of midwifery. Women who were legally qualified on the 31st of October, 1879, to practise as midwives in the province, while required to conform to the rules of said college, retain their right. Nothing in the act or the regulations shall prevent women in the country from practising midwifery or assisting at accouchements without being admitted to the study or practice of midwifery; but they must obtain a certificate from a duly licensed physician certifying that they have the necessary knowledge (ib., art. 3,987).
Register.—The medical board is required to cause to be kept by the registrar a register of persons duly licensed and registered, and who have complied with the law and the regulations of the board, and those persons only whose names are inscribed therein are deemed to be qualified and licensed (ib., art. 3,988).
The registrar is required from time to time to make the necessary alterations in the register (ib., art. 3,989).
Evidence.—The registrar, under the direction of the board of governors, causes to be printed, published, and distributed to the members, from time to time, a copy, called The Quebec Medical Register, of the register, containing names, surnames, residences, medical titles, diplomas, and qualifications conferred by a college or other medical body, with the dates of the same. A printed copy, certified under the hand of the registrar as such, is prima facie evidence that the persons named and entered have been registered in accordance with this law. The absence of the name of any person from such copy is prima facie proof that such person has not been lawfully registered; provided always in case a person’s name does not appear on such printed copy, a copy or extract from the register certified by the registrar of the college of the entry of such person’s name on the register is proof that such person is duly registered (ib., art. 3,990).
A certificate under the hand of the registrar of the payment of the annual contribution of members of the college is prima facie evidence that such payments have been made (ib., art. 3,991).
Neglect to Register.—A person entitled to register who neglects to register is not entitled to practise medicine, surgery, or midwifery, or to claim any of the rights and privileges conferred, and is liable for all penalties imposed for practising without registration, saving the right of certain members holding a license from the College of Physicians and Surgeons of Lower Canada (ib., art. 3,992).
Established Practitioner.—A person who has attended medical lectures during three sessions of a medical school in the British possessions, and who has actually been engaged in the practice of medicine for over thirty years in the province, may, on proof of these facts to the satisfaction of the provincial medical board, and producing a certificate signed by two resident medical practitioners in the neighborhood where he has practised that he has succeeded in his profession, and is entitled to the consideration of the board, be entitled to a license and to registration without an examination (ib., art. 3,993).
Unregistered Persons.—No person unless otherwise authorized is entitled to recover any charge for medical or surgical advice, or professional service, or for the performance of any operation, or for any medicines prescribed or supplied, nor is he entitled to any of the rights or privileges conferred, unless he has registered according to law and paid his annual contribution to the college (ib., art. 3,994).
No certificate required from any physician or surgeon or medical practitioner is valid unless the signer is registered (ib., art. 3,995).
Persons Guilty of Felony.—Any registered member of the medical profession convicted of felony forfeits his right to registration, and the medical board causes his name to be erased from the register (ib., art. 3,996).
If a person known to have been convicted of felony presents himself for registration, the registrar is required to refuse him registration (ib., art. 3,997).
Offences and Penalties.—A person not entitled to register convicted of having practised in contravention of this law, for reward or the hope of reward, is liable to a penalty of $50.
A like penalty is incurred by every person assuming the title of doctor, physician, or surgeon, or any other name implying that he is legally authorized to practise, if unable to establish the fact by legal proof, and by every person who in an advertisement in a newspaper or in a written or printed circular, or on business cards or on signs, assumes a designation so as to lead the public to believe that he is duly registered or qualified; and by every person who offers or gives his services as a physician, surgeon, or accoucheur for gain or hope of reward, if he be not duly authorized and registered.
Burden of Proof.—In every prosecution, proof of registration is incumbent on the party prosecuted.
Witnesses.—Members of the college are not incompetent witnesses by reason of their membership.
Costs.—The court imposing a penalty adds costs, and, in default of payment within a delay which it fixes, condemns the defendant to imprisonment in a common jail of the district for sixty days (ib., art. 3,998).
Evidence.—In cases where proof of registration is required, the production of a printed or other copy or extract from the register, certified under the hand of the registrar of the college, is sufficient evidence that all persons named therein are registered practitioners and any certificate upon such proof, or other copy of the register or extract from such register, purporting to be signed by any person in his capacity of registrar of the college, is prima facie evidence that such person is registrar without proof of the signature or of his being in fact such registrar (ib., art. 3,999).
Homœopathists.—The rights of homœopathists are not affected by the foregoing sections (ib., art. 4,002).
The homœopathic physicians and surgeons of the province form a corporation under the name of the Montreal Homœopathic Association (ib., art. 4,003).
The corporation has power to appoint three medical graduates of a British or provincial university or medical licentiates of a British or provincial college or board legally incorporated to be a board of examiners, to examine all persons who may desire to obtain a license to practise homœopathic medicine (ib., art. 4,008).
A person desiring to be examined touching his qualifications to practise according to the doctrines and teaching of homœopathy shall give notice in writing of at least one month to the secretary or treasurer of the association, and show that he is not less than twenty-one years of age; has followed medical studies for not less than four years under the care of one or more duly qualified medical practitioners; has attended at some recognized university or incorporated school of medicine not less than two six-months’ courses of anatomy, physiology, surgery, theory and practice of medicine, midwifery, chemistry, materia medica, and therapeutics respectively, and not less than one six-months’ course of clinical medicine and medical jurisprudence respectively, or their equivalents in time; and shall have complied with the regulations of such university or incorporated school of medicine with regard to such courses, and shall have followed such other course or courses as may hereafter be considered by the board of examiners requisite for the advancement of a medical education.
All such persons shall, at a regularly appointed time and place, be examined on all the aforesaid branches by the board of examiners (ib., art. 4,009).
If the board be satisfied by examination that a person is duly qualified to practise either or all of said branches of medicine, as taught and practised by homœopathists, they shall certify the same under the hands and seals of two or all of such board.
The lieutenant-governor, on receipt of such certificate, may, if satisfied of the loyalty, integrity, and good morals of the applicant, grant to him a license to practise medicine, surgery, and midwifery, or either of them, conformably to the certificate, and all such licensees are entitled to all the privileges enjoyed by licentiates of medicine (ib., art. 4,010).
The corporation appoints a secretary who keeps a register of names of all persons duly licensed to practise medicine, surgery, and midwifery, or either of them, according to the doctrines and teachings of homœopathy.
Only those whose names are inscribed in said register are qualified and licensed to practise according to the doctrines and teachings of homœopathy (ib., art. 4,015).
The said secretary is required to make the necessary alterations in the addresses or qualifications of the persons registered (ib., art. 4,016).
Offences and Penalties.—A person practising according to the homœopathic doctrines for reward in contravention of this act, or assuming a title implying that a person is legally authorized to practise according to homœopathic doctrines, if unable legally to establish such authorization; or by advertisement published in a newspaper or in a written or printed circular, or on business cards or signs, assuming a designation to lead the public to believe that he is duly registered and qualified to practise according to the doctrines of homœopathy; or offering or giving his services as physician, surgeon, or accoucheur for gain or hope of reward, if not duly authorized or registered, is punishable with a penalty of $50.
Burden of Proof.—In every prosecution, the proof of registration is incumbent on the party prosecuted.
Costs.—The court may condemn the defendant to pay $50 in addition to costs within a delay which it determines, and to imprisonment of sixty days in a common jail of the district on default of payment within the delay (ib., art. 4,017).
Witnesses.—A member of the corporation is not an incompetent witness on account of his membership (ib., art. 4,018).
Fees.—The provincial board of medical examiners may establish examination fees (ib., art. 3,981).
Members of the College of Physicians and Surgeons of the Province of Quebec are required to pay an annual fee of $2 (ib., art. 3,986).
FORENSIC MEDICINE.
THANATOLOGICAL.