[335] 28 Abb. N. C., 37 (N. Y. Com. Pl., Gen. T., 1891).

[336] Marx v. Manhattan Ry. Co., 56 Hun, 575 (N. Y. Supr. Ct., Gen. T.).

[337] Buffalo L. & T. Co. v. Masonic Mut. Aid Assn., 126 N. Y., 450.

[338] Supra, p. 98.

[339] Collins v. Mack, 31 Ark., 684. The main point of this decision was that the information was not necessary; see infra. p. 124.

[340] v. Briggs, 20 Mich., 34.

[341] Ibid.

[342] Fraser v. Jennison, 42 Mich., 206; Breisenmeister v. Supr. Lodge, etc., 45 N. W. Rep., 977 (Supr. Ct. Mich., 1890).

[343] Dalman v. Koning, 54 Mich., 321.

[344] Brown v. Mut. L. I. Co., 65 Mich., 306.

[345] Breisenmeister v. Supr. Lodge, etc., 45 N. W. Rep., 977.

[346] Cooley v. Foltz, 48 N. W. Rep., 176.

[347] Lunz v. Mass. Mut. L. I. Co., 8 Mo. App., 363; Gartside v. Conn. Mut. L. I. Co., 76 Mo., 446 (said to be overruled by 85 Mo., 249; see 89 Mo., 226, but followed in Thompson v. Ish, 99 Mo., 160). For an argument on the distinction between information and communications, see brief of respondent’s counsel in Gartside v. Conn. Mut. L. I. Co.

[348] 27 Mo. App., 231 (1887).

[349] Streeter v. City of Breckenridge, 23 Mo. App., 244.

[350] Ibid.

[351] Corbett v. St. L., I. M. & S. Ry. Co., 26 Mo. App., 621.

[352] Thompson v. Ish, 99 Mo., 160.

[353] People v. Stout, 3 Park Cr. Rep., 670.

[354] Edington v. Mut. L. I. Co., 5 Hun, 1; s. p., 67 N. Y., 185; Grattan v. Met. L. I. Co., 80 N. Y., 281.

[355] Grattan v. Met. L. I. Co., 80 N. Y., 281; Van Orman v. Van Orman, 34 N. Y. St. Rep., 824 (Supr. Ct., G. T.); Wilcox v. Wilcox, 46 Hun, 32.

[356] Sloan v. N. Y. C. R. R. Co., 45 N. Y., 125; Dilleber v. Home L. I. Co., 69 N. Y., 256.

[357] Cahen v. Continental L. I. Co., 69 N. Y., 300.

[358] 77 N. Y., 564.

[359] See also Staunton v. Parker, 19 Hun, 55.

[360] 103 N. Y., 573; see also Grattan v. Met. L. I. Co., 80 N. Y., 281.

[361] Grattan v. Nat. L. I. Co. of U. S., 15 Hun, 74; Edington v. Mut. L. I. Co., 5 Hun, 1; see s. c., 67 N. Y., 185.

[362] Per Smith, J., in Steele v. Ward, 30 Hun, 555.

[363] People v. Brower, 53 Hun, 217.

[364] People v. Harris, 136 N. Y., 423.

[365] Burley v. Barnhard, 9 N. Y. St. Rep., 587 (Supr. Ct., G. T., 1887).

[366] Pandjiris v. McQuillen, 37 N. Y. St. Rep., 602 (Supr. Ct., G. T., 1891).

[367] Hoyt v. Hoyt, 9 N. Y. St. Rep., 731 (Supr. Ct., G. T., 1887).

[368] Hoyt v. Hoyt, ibid.

[369] In matter of Boury, 8 N. Y. St. Rep., 809 (Supr. Ct., G. T., 1889).

[370] Brown v. R. W. & O. R. R. Co., 45 Hun, 439.

[371] Numirich v. Supr. Lodge K. & L. of H., 3 N. Y. Supp., 552 (Trial Term, City Ct. of N. Y., 1889); Patten v. U. L. & A. Ins. Assn., 133 N. Y., 450.

[372] Patten v. United L. & A. Ins. Assn., 133 N. Y., 450.

[373] In matter of Darragh, 15 N. Y. St. Rep., 452 (N. Y. Surr.).

[374] In matter of Darragh, 52 Hun, 591 (Supr. Ct., G. T.), see infra, p. 128.

[375] Masonic Mut. Ben. Assn. v. Beck, 77 Ind., 203.

[376] Heuston v. Simpson, 115 Ind., 62; Penna. Co. v. Marion, 23 N. E. Rep., 973.

[377] Guptill v. Verback, 58 Iowa, 98.

[378] Guptill v. Verback, 58 Iowa, 98.

[379] McConnell v. City of Osage, 45 N. W. Rep., 550.

[380] Raymond v. Burlington, C. R. & N. Ry. Co., 65 Iowa, 152.

[381] Ibid.

[382] See argument in Edington v. Mut. L. I. Co., 67 N. Y., 185. See argument for difference between information and communications in brief for respondent, Gartside v. Conn. Mut. L. I. Co., 76 Mo., 446.

[383] Supra, p. 115.

[384] Act of Congress, May 2d, 1890, c. 182.

[385] Collins v. Mack, 31 Ark., 684.

[386] Cahen v. Continental L. I. Co., 69 N. Y., 300; see Grattan v. Met. L. I. Co., 24 Hun, 43.

[387] Hoyt v. Hoyt, 112 N. Y., 493.

[388] Freel v. Market St. Cable Ry. Co., 31 Pac. Rep., 730.

[389] People v. Glover, 71 Mich., 303.

[390] Per Learned, J., In matter of Freeman, 46 Hun, 458 (Supr. Ct., Gen. T., 1887).

[391] Renihan v. Dennin, 103 N. Y., 573; and cases in notes following.

[392] People v. Stout, 3 Park Cr. Rep., 670 (N. Y. Oy. and Ter., 1858); see Grossman v. Supreme Lodge, etc., 6 N. Y. Supp., 821 (Gen. T. Supr. Ct., 1889), visiting physician at a hospital attending out of curiosity with regular physician.

[393] People v. Schuyler. 106 N. Y., 298, affirming 43 Hun, 88.

[394] In matter of Baird, 11 N. Y. St. Rep., 263 (N. Y. Supr. Ct., Chambers, 1887, per Donohue, J.).

[395] See 28 Abb. N. C., 55. note.

[396] Grattan v. Met. L. I. Co., 24 Hun, 43 (Supr. Ct., Gen. T., 1881); 92 N. Y., 274.

[397] People v. Murphy, 101 N. Y., 126.

[398] People v. Kemmler, 119 N. Y., 580; People v. Sliney, 137 N. Y., 570.

[399] Heath v. Broadway & S. A. Ry. Co., 8 N. Y. Supp., 863 (Super. Ct., Gen. T., 1890).

[400] Henry v. N. Y., L. E. & W. R. R. Co., 57 Hun, 76 (Supr. Ct., Gen. T., 1890).

[401] Renihan v. Dennin, 103 N. Y., 573; Jones v. B., B. & W. E. Ry. Co., 3 N. Y. Supp., 253.

[402] Ætna L. I. Co. v. Deming, 123 Ind., 390; Raymond v. B., C. R. & N. Ry. Co., 65 Iowa, 152.

[403] Grattan v. Metr. L. I. Co., 24 Hun, 43 (Supr. Ct., Gen. T., 1881).

[404] Edington v. Ætna L. I. Co., 13 Hun, 543 (Supr. Ct., Gen. T., 1878), affirmed 77 N. Y., 564. The broad expressions of this latter case were disapproved in Renihan v. Dennin, 103 N. Y., 573, but it does not appear that this point was not properly decided.

[405] In matter of Darragh, 52 Hun, 591 (Supr. Ct., Gen. T., 1889), 15 N. Y. St. Rep., 452 (N. Y. Surr.) Brigham v. Gott, 3 N. Y. Supp., 518 (Supr. Ct., Gen. T., 1889).

[406] Stowell v. American Co-op. Assn., 23 N. Y. St. Rep., 706 (Supr. Ct., Gen. T., 1889).

[407] Supra, p. 98.

[408] 8 Mo. App., 363.

[409] 27 Mo. App., 231.

[410] Gartside v. Conn. Mut. L. I. Co., 76 Mo., 446; see also Burley v. Barnhard, 9 N. Y. St. Rep., 587 (N. Y. Supr. Ct., Gen. T.).

[411] Grattan v. Metr. L. I. Co., 92 N. Y., 274.

[412] Fisher v. Fisher, 129 N. Y., 654.

[413] Grattan v. Metr. L. I. Co., 24 Hun, 43 (Supr. Ct., Gen. T., 1881).

[414] Per Learned, J., In matter of Freeman, 46 Hun, 458.

[415] Supra, p. 98.

[416] Collins v. Mack, 31 Ark., 684.

[417] Raymond v. B., C. R. & Nor. Ry. Co., 65 Iowa, 152.

[418] Campau v. North, 39 Mich., 606.

[419] Brown v. Metr. L. I. Co., 65 Mich., 306.

[420] People v. Glover, 71 Mich., 303.

[421] Breisenmeister v. Supr. Lodge, etc., 45 N. W. Rep., 977 (Supr. Ct. Mich., 1890).

[422] Jacobs v. Cross, 19 Minn., 523.

[423] Norton v. City of Moberly, 18 Mo. App., 457.

[424] Streeter v. City of Breckenridge, 23 Mo. App., 244.

[425] Kling v. City of Kansas, 27 Mo. App., 231.

[426] Hewitt v. Prime, 21 Wend., 77 (N. Y. Supr. Ct. of Judic., 1839). See Edington v. Mut. L. I. Co., 67 N.Y., 185.

[427] 53 Hun, 217 (Supr. Ct., Gen. T., 1889).

[428] Sloan v. N. Y. C. R. R. Co., 45 N. Y., 125.

[429] Edington v. Mut. L. I. Co., 67 N. Y., 185. See also People v. Stout, 3 Park Cr. Rep., 670 (N. Y. Oy. and Ter., 1858).

[430] People v. Harris, 136 N. Y., 423.

[431] Babcock v. People, 15 Hun, 347; see also People v. Harris, supra.

[432] 77 N. Y., 564; see also s. p., 17 W. D., 566.

[433] 80 N. Y., 281.

[434] 80 N. Y., 281.

[435] Jones v. Brooklyn, Bath and West End Ry. Co., 3 N.Y. Supp., 253 (City Ct. of Brooklyn, Gen. T., 1888).

[436] Grattan v. Metr. L. I. Co., 24 Hun, 43 (Supr. Ct., Gen. T., 1881).

[437] In matter of Freeman, 46 Hun, 458.

[438] People v. Schuyler, 43 Hun, 88, affirmed 106 N. Y., 298.

[439] 9 N. Y. St. Rep., 31 (Supr. Ct., Gen. T.), affirmed 112 N. Y., 493. Although this point was discussed, the case was really decided on the ground that the objector had lost her right to object if she ever had it.

[440] Brown v. R. W. & O. R. R. Co., 45 Hun, 439 (Supr. Ct., Gen. T.).

[441] In matter of O’Neil, 26 N. Y. St. Rep., 242 (N. Y. Surr., 1889).

[442] Taylor, Ev., s. 2; Greenleaf, Ev., s. 2.

[443] McConnell v. City of Osage, 45 N. W. Rep., 550.

[444] Harris v. Rupel, 14 Ind., 209.

[445] Van Valkenberg v. Van Valkenberg, 90 Ind., 433.

[446] Storrs v. Scougale, 48 Mich., 387; see also Dolton v. Albion, 24 N. W. Rep., 786.

[447] Page v. Page, 41 Mich., 88; see also McQuigan v. D. & L. R. R. Co., 129 N. Y., 50; Roberts v. Ogdensburgh, etc., Ry. Co., 29 Hun, 158; McSwyny v. Broadway & S. A. Ry. Co., 7 N. Y. Supp., 459; and cf. N. Y. Code Civ. Pro., s. 873, as amended Act 1893, c. 722.

[448] Winner v. Lathrop, 67 Hun, 511.

[449] Lunz v. Mass. Mut. L. I. Co., 8 Mo. App., 363.

[450] Johnson v. Johnson, 4 Paige, 460 (Chancery, 1834); see also Hanford v. Hanford, 3 Edw. Ch., 468 (Vice Chan., 1841).

[451] 14 Wend., 636 (Ct. of Errors, 1835).

[452] 112 N. Y., 493.

[453] Edington v. Ætna L. I. Co., 17 W. D., 1883 (N. Y. Supr. Ct., Gen. T.); Hoyt v. Hoyt, 9 N. Y. St. Rep., 731 (Supr. Ct., Gen. T.), affirmed 112 N. Y., 493.

[454] Johnson v. Johnson, 14 Wend., 636; Babcock v. People, 15 Hun, 347; Valensin v. Valensin, 14 Pac. Rep., 87 (Supr. Ct. Cal., 1887).

[455] Kelly v. Levy, 8 N. Y. Supp., 849 (G. T. N. Y. City Ct., 1890).

[456] Mott v. Consumers’ Ice Co., 2 Abb. N. C., 143 (N. Y. Com. Pl., Sp. T., 1877).

[457] Edington v. Mut. L. I. Co., 5 Hun, 1; Renihan v. Dennin, 103 N. Y., 573; Record v. Village of Saratoga Springs, 46 Hun, 448; Loder v. Whelpley, 111 N. Y., 239.

[458] Supra, p. 101 et seq.

[459] Supra, p. 101 et seq.

[460] Supra, p. 107.

[461] Grattan v. Nat. L. I. Co. of U. S., 15 Hun, 74.

[462] Buffalo L. T. & S. D. Co. v. Knights T. & M. M. Aid Assn., 126 N. Y., 450.

[463] Edington v. Ætna L. I. Co., 13 Hun, 543; see Grattan v. Nat. L. I. Co. of U. S., 15 Hun, 74.

[464] McConnell v. City of Osage, 45 N. W. Rep., 550.

[465] Cooley v. Foltz, 48 N. W. Rep., 176.

[466] People v. Schuyler, 43 Hun, 88 (N. Y. Supr. Ct., Gen. T.), affirmed 106 N. Y., 298; Stowell v. American Co-operative Assn., 23 N. Y. St. Rep., 706 (N. Y. Supr. Ct., Gen. T.); Henry v. N. Y., L. E. & W. R. R. Co., 57 Hun, 76 (N. Y. Supr. Ct., Gen. T.); Edington v. Ætna L. I. Co., 77 N. Y., 564; Gartside v. Conn. Mut. L. I. Co., 8 Mo. App., 592.

[467] Gartside v. Conn. Mut. L. I. Co., 8 Mo. App., 592.

[468] Feeny v. Long Island R. R. Co., 116 N. Y., 375.

[469] Numirich v. Supr. Lodge K. & L. of H., 3 N. Y. Supp., 552 (Trial Term, City Ct. of N. Y., 1889); see also supra, p. 115.

[470] Herrington v. Winn, 60 Hun, 235 (Supr. Ct., Gen. T., 1891).

[471] In matter of Halsey, 29 N. Y. St. Rep., 533 (N. Y. Surr., 1890); cf. Matter of Darragh, 52 Hun, 591.

[472] Patten v. United L. & A. Ins. Assn., 133 N. Y., 450.

[473] Brigham v. Gott, 3 N. Y. Supp., 518 (Supr. Ct., Gen. T., 1889); supra, p. 124.

[474] Buffalo L. T. & S. D. Co. v. K. T. & Mas. Mut. Aid Assn., 126 N. Y., 450.

[475] Harris v. Rupel, 14 Ind., 209; Sullings v. Shakespeare, 46 Mich., 408; Storrs v. Scougale, 48 Mich., 387; Buffalo, etc., Co. v. Knights T. & Mas. Mut. Aid Assn., 126 N. Y., 450.

[476] Coryell v. Stone, 62 Ind., 307; People v. Schuyler, 43 Hun, 88, affirmed 106 N. Y., 298.

[477] Supra, p. 123.

[478] Supra, p. 119.

[479] Penn Mut. L. I. Co. v. Wiler, 100 Ind., 92. Valensin v. Valensin, 14 Pac. Rep., 87 (Supr. Ct. Cal., 1887); cf. In re Hannah, 11 N. Y. St. Rep., 807.

[480] Mason v. Libbey, 2 Abb. N. C., 137; Mott v. Consumers’ Ice Co., 2 Abb. N. C., 143.

[481] Lane v. Boicourt, 27 N. E. Rep., 1111; see also Winner v. Lathrop, 67 Hun, 511 (N. Y. Supr. Ct., G. T.).

[482] Scripps v. Foster, 41 Mich., 742.

[483] Grattan v. Metr. L. I. Co., 80 N. Y., 281.

[484] See p. 137, this volume, for the medical laws of the several States and Territories; for history of physician’s right of action for services, see Graham v. Gautier, 21 Tex., 117; see Wood v. Munson, 70 Hun, 468. In Georgia and Alabama a physician’s books are evidence in such actions. Code Ala., 1886, s. 2,777; Code Ga., 1882, s. 3,777.

[485] Kendall v. Grey, 2 Hilt., 300.

[486] Kling v. City of Kansas, 27 Mo. App., 231; Pierson v. People, 79 N. Y., 424.

[487] Supra, p. 103. Matter of Coleman, 111 N. Y., 220.

[488] Supra, p. 103.

[489] Supra, p. 104.

[490] Supra, p. 127.

[491] Laws of N. Y., Act 1893, c. 661, secs. 23, 31. In New York physicians are also required to attest certificates of the fact of birth for registration (Act 1893, c. 661, secs. 22, 31), and to certify the existence of contagious and infectious diseases (ib., s. 24).

[492] See suggestions on the policy of the New York law in Conn. Mut. L. I. Co. v. Union Tr. Co., 112 U. S., 250; Pearsall v. Elmer, 5 Redf., 181; and contra, Edington v. Mut. L. I. Co., 5 Hun, 1.

[493] A valuable note is appended to this last case, citing the law literature of burial-grounds, burials, etc., and also giving in full the opinion of the Special Term of the New York Supreme Court, in the case of Secord v. Secord, not elsewhere reported. And see also The Law of Burial, 4 Bradf., 503. (Matter of Beekman St.)

[494] Ambrose v. Kerreson, 10 C. B., 776; Bradshaw v. Beard, 12 Com. B., n. s., 344; Johnson v. Marinus, 18 Abb. N. C., 72; Hewitt v. Bronson, 5 Daily, 1; Cunningham v. Reardon, 98 Mass., 538.

[495] In New York State, section 305 of the Penal Code provides: “A person has the right to direct the manner in which his body shall be disposed of after his death; and also to direct the manner in which any part of his body, which had become separated therefrom during his lifetime, shall be disposed of; and the provisions of this chapter do not apply to any case where a person has given directions for the disposal of his body or any part thereof inconsistent with those provisions.” See also Patterson v. Patterson, 59 N.Y., 583; Me. R. S., ch. 13, sec. 1; Minn. Gen. Stats., sec. 6,220; N. D. Comp. Laws. sec. 6,549; Oklahoma Stats., sec. 2,188. See also Williams v. Williams, Law Rpts., 20 Ch. D., 659; 2 Wms. on Exrs., p. 968; Secord v. Secord, supra.

[496] Chappel v. Cooper, 13 M. & W., 252.

[497] Secord v. Secord, supra; Wyncoop v. Wyncoop, 42 Pa. St., 293; Bogert v. Indianapolis, 13 Ind., 135; Snyder v. Snyder, 60 How. Prac., 368; Law of Burial, 4 Bradf., 503.

[498] 1 Bishop Crim. Law, sec. 506; see also Roscoe’s Cr. Ev., 445, 446; Stephens’ Dig. Crim. L., sec. 292; Reg. v. Clark, 15 Cox C. C., 171.

[499] Some of the United States have enacted statutes declaring it to be a misdemeanor to attach or seize under execution a dead body. Arizona Pen. Code, 491, etc.; Cal. Pen. Code, sec. 295; Me. R. S., chap. 124, sec. 26; Mass. Pub. Stat., chap. 207, sec. 46; N. Dak. Comp. Laws, sec. 6,563; Oklahoma Stat., sec. 2,202; R. I. Pub. Stat., sec. 3,222.

[500] So in Meagher v. Driscoll, 96 Am. Dec., 759, it was held that a dead body is not the subject of property, and after burial it becomes a part of the ground to which it has been committed; “Earth to earth, ashes to ashes, dust to dust.”

[501] 1st Pres. Ch. v. 2d Pres. Ch., 2 Brewster, 372; and see also Pierce v. Proprietors Swan Point Cem., supra.

[502] Craig. v. 1st Pres. Ch., 88 Pa. St., 42; Charleston v. Wentworth Cem., 4 Strob. (S. Car.), 306; Coates v. New York City, 7 Cow., 585; Hamilton v. New Albany, 30 Ind., 482; Paige v. Symonds, 63 N. H., 17.

[503] Peters v. Peters, 43 N. J. Eq., 140; Lowry v. Plitt, 11 Phila., 303; Weld v. Walker, supra; In re Downs, 14 N. Y. St. Rep., 189; Morland v. Richardson, 22 Beav., 596; s.c. 24 id., 33; Guthrie v. Weaver, 1 Mo. App., 136; 4 Step. Com., 371; Reg. v. Theiss, 10 B. & S., 298.

[504] Weld v. Walker, supra; see also Johnson v. Marinus, supra.

[505] See also Com. v. Slack, 19 Pick., 304; People v. Fitzgerald, 105 N. Y., 146; People v. Richards, 138 N. Y., 137. In this last case it was held that a tomb, although constructed in the form of an elaborate mausoleum and built above the surface of the ground, was not a “building, erection or enclosure,” within the meaning of the criminal statutes defining the crime of burglary in entering a “building, erection or enclosure;” and hence that entering such a tomb and taking therefrom a dead body with its grave-clothes and cerements would not amount to the crime of burglary.

[506] County of Northampton v. Innes, 2 Carey (Pa.), 156; Com. v. Hannan, 4 Barr. (Pa.), 269; Alleg. Co. v. Watts, 3 Barr. (Pa.), 468; Van Hovenbergh v. Hasbrouck, 45 Barb. (N. Y.), 197; Cosford v. Board Supervisors, 38 N. Y. St. Rep., 964; Co. of Alleg. v. Shaw, 34 Pa. St., 301; Board of Com. v. Jameson, 86 Ind., 154; Mo. Rev. Laws, sec. 2,469; No. Car. Laws, 1887, chap. 269; Tenn. Code, sec. 6,150; N. Y. Laws of 1874, chap. 535, sec. 2; N. Y. Laws, 1889, chap. 500, amending sec. 308 of The Pen. Code.

[507] Am. & Eng. Enc. of Law, vol. 4, p. 171.

[508] 4 Co., 57; 3 Com. Dig., 242.

[509] 1 Black. Com., 347.

[510] Am. & Eng. Enc. of Law, vol. 4, p. 173.

[511] Giles v. Brown, 1 Mill (S. C.) Const., 230; People v. Devine, 44 Cal., 452.

[512] Bouvier’s Law Dict., vol. 1, p. 405.

[513] Lancaster County v. Dern, 2 Grant (Pa.), 262. In this case a concussion or collision took place in a street between the sleighs of two parties, whereby a woman sustained an injury by the shaft, or some other part of one of the parties’ sleigh, striking her immediately above the eye, and penetrating the brain. Surgical aid was immediately called in, and the woman received all the care and attention that the exigencies of the case required till five days afterward, when she died in consequence of the wound received. On the sixth day the coroner held an inquest, and in this, an action to recover for his services against the county, it was held he could recover.

[514] County of Lancaster v. Mishler, 100 Pa. St., 624. In this, a suit by the coroner against the county to recover his fees, it was held that this presumption was not conclusive, and evidence was admissible to show that he acted in bad faith and knowingly without sufficient cause or reason. The Court said: “The duty of a coroner to hold an inquest rests on sound reason, on that reason which is the life of the law. It is not a power to be exercised capriciously and arbitrarily against all reason. The object of an inquest is to seek information, and obtain and secure evidence, in case of death by violence or other undue means. If there be reasonable ground to suspect it was so caused, it becomes the duty of the coroner to act. If he has no grounds for suspecting that the death was not a natural one, it is a perversion of the whole spirit of the law to compel the county to pay for such services.”

[515] County of Fayette v. Batton, 108 Pa. St., 591. It appeared in this case, that nineteen persons came to their death suddenly and almost simultaneously by an explosion of fire-damp in a coal-mine. The coroner held a separate inquest over each body at the respective homes of the deceased, qualifying the same jury separately over each body, and the inquest returned a separate finding in each case. It was held that this was the necessary and proper course to pursue under the circumstances, and that the coroner was entitled to the legal fees in each case. In Boislinieu v. Board of Co. Commissioners, 32 Mo., 375, it was held that the coroner is the sole judge as to the propriety or necessity of holding the inquest, and his action in that respect is not subject to revision by the county commissioners, and he is entitled to fees under the statute notwithstanding the verdict of the coroner’s jury discloses that the deceased died of a natural death, and not by casualty or violence.

[516] Am. & Eng. Enc. of Law, vol. 4, p. 175.

[517] Garnett v. Ferrand, 6 Barn. & Cress., 611.

[518] People v. Fitzgerald, 43 Hun (N. Y.), 46.

[519] People v. Devine, 44 Cal., 452; Commonwealth v. Hawkins, 3 Gray (Mass.), 463.

[520] People v. Fitzgerald, 105 N. Y., 146.

[521] Jameson v. Board of Comrs., 64 Ind., 524.

[522] Regina v. White, 3 Ellis & Ellis (Eng.), 137. In this case a second inquisition found by a coroner’s jury was quashed by the court upon application of the defendants who were charged therein with wilful murder. In People v. Budge, 4 Park Crim. Rep. (N.Y.), 519, a coroner’s jury found that the death was caused by suicide, and nearly four months afterward the coroner summoned another jury and held a second inquest, at which the jury found that the deceased was killed by another, whereupon the coroner issued a warrant of commitment under which the accused was imprisoned, but on habeas corpus he was discharged from imprisonment on the ground that the second inquisition was unauthorized.

[523] The King v. Ferrand, 3 Barn. & Ald. (Eng.), 260; 2 Hawk P. C., 77.

[524] Mass. Pub. Stat., chap. 26, §§ 1 and 10.

[525] County of Northampton v. Innes, 2 Casey (Pa.), 156; Commonwealth v. Hannan, 4 Barr (Pa.), 269.

[526] Allegany County v. Watts, 3 Barr (Pa.), 462; Van Hoevenbergh v. Hasbrouck, 45 Barb. (N. Y.), 197. The New York legislature has made provision making the physician’s services in such a case a charge against the county and the physician must look to the county for his pay. Cosford v. Board of Supervisors, 38 N. Y. St. Rep., 964; 15 N. Y. Supp., 680. In Pennsylvania a physician or surgeon, employed by the coroner to make a post-mortem examination, may recover from the county a reasonable compensation for his services; and the county commissioners have no power to appoint a surgeon to perform such services, so as to preclude the coroner from selecting a proper person, in the exercise of his discretion. County of Allegany v. Shaw, 34 Pa. St., 301. It has been held that the authority of a coroner to employ a chemist to discover whether poison caused the death of one on whose body he holds an inquest does not restrict him to the employment of a resident of the county, and that the analysis of the chemist must not be made in the county of the coroner, and that even though the latter was, by corrupt appliances of others, induced to employ a chemist, it is no defence to a suit by the chemist to recover compensation for his services. Board of Commissioners v. Jameson, 86 Ind., 154.

In New York he is empowered by statute to employ not more than two competent surgeons to make post-mortem examinations and dissections and to testify to the same. N. Y. Laws of 1874, chap. 535, § 2.

[527] People v. Fitzgerald, 105 N. Y., 146. In this case, upon application of the defendant and upon affidavits showing sufficient reasons therefor, a coroner of Chemung County, N. Y., directed the exhumation of the body of a man, who died in California about one year previous and was buried in Chemung County; for the purpose of a post-mortem examination to determine whether the deceased was murdered, and the body was accordingly exhumed, and an examination had without empanelling a jury. An indictment was found against the defendant charging her with body-stealing under section 311 of the New York Penal Code, against body-stealing. It was held that conceding the proceeding to have been irregular, a conviction under that provision of the Penal Code could not be sustained, and this, without regard to the motives which actuated the defendant; that if she had committed any offence it was not that of body-stealing.

[528] Crisfield v. Perine, 15 Hun, 200, affirmed 81 N. Y., 622. This was an action of assault and battery and it appeared that the defendant was a coroner, and that he held an inquest on the dead body of a man who died after receiving personal injuries in an affray which he had with his nephew. A post-mortem examination was about to be made by two surgeons employed by the coroner for that purpose. The plaintiff, who was also a physician and surgeon, was in the room when the examination was about to be entered upon and said that he wished to remain and witness it, but the coroner asked him to leave, and on his refusing caused him to be put out of the room. For this act this suit was brought. It was held that the suit could not be maintained.

[529] Mass. Pub. Stat., chap 26, § 19.

[530] Ib., chap. 26, § 11.

[531] Commonwealth v. Dunan, 128 Mass., 422.

[532] Mass. Pub. Stat., chap. 26, §§ 12, 13, 17.

[533] Mass. Pub. Stat., chap. 26. § 18.

[534] N. Y. Criminal Code, § 773.

[535] N. Y. Revised Statutes, part iv., chap. iii., § 102.

[536] N. Y. Criminal Code, § 774.

[537] Ib., § 775.

[538] Ib., § 777.

[539] Ib., § 778.

[540] Ib., § 779.

[541] N. Y. Crim. Code, § 780.

[542] Ib., § 776.

[543] Ib., § 782.

[544] Ib., § 783.

[545] 2 Hawk P. C., 77; King v. Ferrand, 3 Barn. & A. (Eng.), 260.

[546] Rex v. Ferrand, 3 B. & Ald., 260.

[547] In re Coroners, 11 Phila. (Pa.), 387.

[548] Crisfield v. Perine, 15 Hun, 200, affirmed 81 N. Y., 622.

[549] 2 Hawk P. C., 77.

[550] Matter of Collins, 11 Abb. Pr. (N. Y.), 406; 20 How. Pr., 111. In this case it was held that a commitment issued by a coroner against a person charged with murder is not void for the omission of the allegation that he caused the death “feloniously,” if it is such that the fact that he caused the death feloniously may be collected on its face. And see People v. Beigler, 3 Park Crim. Rep. (N. Y.), 316.