313.  Ibid., Col. VIII., ll. 5–9.

314.  Ibid., Col. IX., ll. 9–16.

315.  Grotefend Cylinder, Col. I., ll. 36–38.

316.  East India House Inscr., col. II., ll. 48–50.

317.  See Layard’s Nineveh and Babylon (Am. ed.), p. 424; Perrot and Chipiez’s Hist. of Art in Chald. and Assy., I., 366–392; Rawlinson’s Herodotus, Bk. II., Chap. 99, 125; Sayce’s Religion of the Ancient Babylonians, p. 96; Mariette Bey’s Monuments of Upper Egypt, p. 79 f.; Bunsen’s Egypt’s Place in Universal History, II., 378–386; Rawlinson’s History of Ancient Egypt, I., 188–194; Réville’s Religions of Mexico and Peru, pp. 41 f., 179 f., Ellis’s Polynesian Researches, II., 207.

318.  Rawlinson’s Herodotus, Bk. I., Chap. 181–183.

319.  The word “sullam,” here translated “ladder,” is a derivative from “salal,” “to raise up in a pile, to exalt by heaping up as in the construction of a mound or highway.” Comp. Isa. 57 : 14; 62 : 10; Jer. 50 : 26. See Bush’s Notes on Genesis, in loco.

320.  Gen. 28 : 10–22.

321.  See Maspero’s Dawn of Civilization, pp. 691–696, with citation of authorities at foot of p. 693, and note at p. 695.

322.  Ibid.; also, Sayce’s Relig. of the Anc. Babyl., pp. 221–278; 286, note 3.

323.  Comp. Job 1 : 21; Eccl. 5 : 15; 1 Tim. 6 : 7.

324.  Maspero’s Dawn of Civilization, p. 696.

325.  Ezek. 47 : 1–9.

326.  Zeph. 2 : 13, 14, with margin.

327.  See Survey of Western Palestine, “Memoirs,” I., 107.

328.  See Gen. 2 : 8–10; Rev. 22 : 1, 2.

329.  Ezek. 8 : 8–16.

330.  Layard’s Nineveh and Babylon (Am. ed.), pp. 302–311.

331.  Ibid., p. 69 f.

332.  1 Sam. 5 : 1–5.

333.  In loco.

334.  Zeph. 1 : 9.

335.  Ezek. 46 : 2.

336.  Ibid., 10 : 4; 9 : 3.

337.  Ibid., 43 : 8.

338.  Lev. 17 : 2–9.

339.  Exod. 29 : 4.

340.  Ibid., 29 : 10–12.

341.  Exod. 33 : 8–10; see, also, Num. 12 : 5; 20 : 6; Deut. 31 : 15.

342.  See, for example, Exod. 40 : 6, 29; Lev. 1 : 3, 5; 3 : 2; 4 : 4, 7; 8 : 1–36; 12 : 6; 14 : 11, 23; 15 : 14, 29; 16 : 7; 17 : 4–9; 19 : 21; Num. 6 : 10–18.

343.  2 Chron. 23 : 4, 5.

344.  Ibid., 34 : 8, 9 (see margin).

345.  1 Chron. 15 : 23, 24; Jer. 35 : 4; 52 : 24, etc.

346.  Psa. 84 : 10 (see margin).

347.  See Edersheim’s The Temple: Its Ministry and Services, p. 191; also, Ginsburg’s art. “Passover,” in Kitto’s Cycl. of Bib. Lit., p. 426.

348.  See 2 Kings 12 : 9; 22 : 4; 23 : 4; 25 : 18.

349.  See, for example, representation and description of temples at Byblus and Baalbec, in Donaldson’s Architectura Numismatica, pp. 105 f., 122–128.

350.  Fellows’s Travels and Researches in Asia Minor, p. 256.

351.  Roberts’s Oriental Illus. of Scrip., p. 148 f.

352.  Maurice’s Indian Antiquities, V., 89.

353.  Maurice’s Indian Antiquities, V., 79 f., note. Compare Trumbull’s Blood Covenant, pp. 157–164.

354.  Maurice’s Modern Hist. of Hindostan, Pt. I., Bk. 2, chap. 3, p. 296 f.

355.  Hughes’s Dictionary of Islam, art. “Masjid;” also Conder’s Heth and Moab, p. 293 f.; also Lane’s The Modern Egyptians, I., 105.

356.  Morier’s Second Journey through Persia, p. 254.

357.  The moon is said to have thus bowed before Muhammad, at the threshold of the Kaabeh at Meccah. Anecdotes Arabes et Mussulmans, p. 22 f. (By J.F. de la Croix, Paris, 1772.)

358.  Chardin’s Voyage, I., 282.

359.  Ibid., I., 292.

360.  Laurie’s Dr. Grant and the Mountain Nestorians, p. 134 f.

361.  Vambéry’s Travels in Central Asia, p. 233.

362.  Huc’s Travels in Tartary, Thibet, and China, I., 191.

363.  Hearn’s Glimpses of Unfamiliar Japan, I., 188.

364.  Lowell’s Occult Japan, pp. 270–273; also, Isabella Bird’s Unbeaten Tracks in Japan, II., 278–285.

365.  Ibid., I., 111–119; II., 286–288.

366.  See Petrie’s Ten Years’ Digging in Egypt, pp. 138–142; also, Mariette’s Monuments of Upper Egypt, p. 107 f., and Maspero’s Dawn of Civilization, pp. 358–361.

367.  Brugsch’s Egypt under the Pharaohs, I., 67.

368.  See Wilkinson’s Manners and Customs of the Ancient Egyptians, I., xiv.

369.  This is on the testimony of Prof. W. Max Müller, who adds that “so far the Egyptologists have not paid any attention to the threshold;” hence there is a lack of material yet available as showing its peculiar sacredness.

370.  Erman’s Life in Anc. Egypt, p. 272.

371.  Lemm’s “Ritual Book,” p. 29 ff., 47; cited in Erman’s Life in Anc. Egypt, p. 274 f.

372.  Erman’s Life in Anc. Egypt, pp. 260, 308 f.; Mariette Bey’s Monuments of Upper Egypt, p. 26.

373.  Wilkinson’s Ancient Egyptians, III., 65–86.

374.  Book of the Dead, CXLII.

375.  Renouf’s Relig. of Anc. Egypt, p. 191 f.

376.  See p. 106, supra.

377.  Book of the Dead, CXLV., CXLVI.

378.  Renouf’s Religion of Ancient Egypt, p. 202 f.

379.  Book of the Dead, CXXV.

380.  Lane’s Thousand and One Nights. Notes to Chapter 3, Vol. I., p. 215 f. See, also, Stanley Lane’s Arabian Society in the Middle Ages, p. 73.

381.  Or, “by steps,”–“gradibus.”

382.  Cranch’s Æneid of Virgil, I., 572–585; Æneis, I., 441–449.

383.  Bruce’s Travels (Dublin ed.), III., 644, Bk. IV., chap. 12.

384.  Bent’s Sacred City of the Ethiopians, p. 40 f.

385.  See Wood’s Wedding Day in all Ages and Countries, II., 17.

386.  See, for example, Iliad, I., 426; XIV., 173; XXI., 427, 505; Odyssey, VIII., 321.

387.  Professor W.A. Lamberton, in a personal note to the author.

388.  Odyssey, XIII., 4; VII., 83, 87, 89.

389.  Iliad, VIII., 15.

390.  See Hesiod’s Theogony, V., 749.

391.  Iliad, IX., 404.

392.  Odyssey, VIII., 80.

393.  Oedipus at Colonus, 54 ff. See, also, 1591. Comp. Hesiod’s Theogony, 811.

394.  Prof. W.A. Lamberton.

395.  Æschylus’s “Suppliants,” p. 497; cited in Smith’s Dict. of Greek and Roman Antiq., s. v. “Ara.” See, also, Donaldson’s Architectura Numismatica, pp. xvi, xvii, 33, 54.

396.  Euripides, Androm., 1098. Smith’s Dict. of Greek and Rom. Antiq., s. v. “Antæ.”

397.  Acts 14 : 8–14.

398.  Odyssey, VII., 130.

399.  Euripides, Hippolytus, 741.

400.  Pausanias, Bk. X., 24, 5.

401.  Bingham’s Antiquities of the Christian Church, Bk. VIII., chap. 3.

402.  Ibid., Bk. VIII., chap. 4.

403.  Ibid., Bk. VIII., chap. 7.

404.  Blunt’s Annotated Book of Common Prayer, p. 210.

405.  Ibid., p. 217.

406.  See Wood’s Wedding Day in all Ages and Countries, II., 15 f.

407.  Baring-Gould’s Germany, Present and Past (Am. ed.), p. 105.

408.  Wood’s Wedding Day in all Ages and Countries, II., 14 f.

409.  Vaux’s Church Folk-Lore, p. 99.

410.  Wood’s Wedding Day in all Ages and Countries, II., 16.

411.  Vaux’s Church Folk-Lore, p. 98.

412.  Wood’s Wedding Day in all Ages and Countries, II., 17.

413.  Wood’s Wedding Day in all Ages and Countries, II., 254.

414.  Wood’s Wedding Day in all Ages and Countries, II., 255.

415.  See Henderson’s Folk-Lore of the Northern Counties of England and the Borders, p. 38.

416.  Curtin’s Myths and Folk-Lore of Ireland, p. 177.

417.  See Jones’s and Kropf’s Folk-Tales of the Magyars, p. 410.

418.  On the eye-witness testimony of Prof. Dr. Morris Jastrow, Jr.

419.  Réville’s Nat. Relig. of Mex. and Peru, pp. 41, 179 f., 207; also Bancroft’s Mex., I., 296.

420.  Réville’s Nat. Relig. of Mex. and Peru, p. 183; Bancroft’s Mex., I., 162.

421.  Réville’s Nat. Relig. of Mex. and Peru, pp. 31, 184, 207 f.

422.  Ibid., p. 83.

423.  Bancroft’s Native Races, “Civilized Nations,” II., 706 f.

424.  See Bancroft’s Native Races and Antiquities, IV., 209 f., 314, 321, 323, 332, 338, 351, 531, 801, 803, 805. See also, Stephens’s Incidents of Travels in Yucatan, I., 137, 167–176, 303, 306, 403–407, 411–413; II., 42, 54, 56, 72, 122.

425.  Chateaubraud’s Voyage en Amérique, pp. 130–136; cited in Frazer’s Golden Bough, II., 383.

426.  Ellis’s Polynesian Researches, II., 206.

427.  Ibid., II., 211 f.

428.  Ibid., II., 207, illustration.

429.  Ibid., II., 212 f.

430.  Ellis’s Hist. of Madagascar, I., 176–187.

431.  Ellis’s Through Hawaii, p. 73 f.

432.  Ibid., p. 75.

433.  Ellis’s Through Hawaii, p. 81 f.

434.  Ibid., p. 135 f.; also, Isabella Bird’s Six Months in the Sandwich Islands, p. 196.

435.  Ellis’s Through Hawaii, p. 153 f. See, also, Isabella Bird’s Six Months in the Sandwich Islands, p. 135 f.

436.  Num. 35 : 6–32; Deut. 4 : 41–43; 19 : 1–13; Josh. 20 : 1–9.

437.  Comp. Gill’s Myths and Songs from the South Pacific, pp. 3, 4, 7, 14, 18, 20, 26, 152, 155, 158, 160, 170; also Turner’s Samoa, p. 259.

438.  See pp. 21–23, 45 f., 55, supra.

439.  Gen. 11 : 28; Neh. 9 : 7.

440.  Rawlinson’s Inscript. of W. Asia, Vol. I., pl. 69, Col. II., l. 29 ff.

441.  See Hilprecht’s Assyriaca, pp. 54, 55, 97.

442.  Inscription in the temple of Rameses III. at Karnak.

443.  Erman’s Life in Ancient Egypt, p. 279.

444.  See “Grihya-Sutras,” in Sacred Books of the East, XXX., 193–201; also De Coulange’s Ancient City, pp. 36, 47 f.

445.  See Julien’s Mémoires de Hionen-Thsang, I., 459–466; Cunningham’s Archæological Survey of India, I., 1–12; Sir Monier Monier-Williams’s Buddhism, pp. 390–401.

446.  Cunningham’s Archæological Survey of India, II., 212, 213.

447.  Ibid., II., 353 f.

448.  Ibid.

449.  “The Shih King,” Bk. 7, § 3, in Sacred Books of the East, III., 111.

450.  Williams’s Middle Kingdom, I., 90 f.

451.  Harrison and Verrall’s Myth. and Monu. of Anc. Athens, pp. 353–361.

452.  Henderson’s Iceland, II., 64–67; also ibid., I., xiv.

453.  Gen. 28 : 10–22.

454.  Ibid., 13 : 1–3.

455.  Ibid., 12 : 1–8.

456.  Exod. 3 : 1–12.

457.  Brugsch’s Egypt under the Pharaohs, I., 411.

458.  2 Sam. 6 : 1–19.

459.  Ibid., 24 : 15–25.

460.  Gen. 22 : 1–13.

461.  As evidenced in the traditional claim that the grave of Adam was under the cross.

462.  2 Kings 5 : 17.

463.  Isa. 28 : 16; 1 Pet. 2 : 6.

464.  Isa. 58 : 12.

465.  1 Cor. 3 : 10, 11.

466.  1 Pet. 2 : 5.

467.   Eph. 2 : 20, 21.

468.  Sura 3 : 90.

469.  See Sale’s Koran, “Preliminary Discourse,” Sect. IV.; Burton’s Pilgrimage to El-Medinah and Meccah, III., 149–222; Hughes’s Dictionary of Islam, s. vv. “Abraham,” “Adam,” “Arafāt,” “Hagar,” “Ishmael,” “Kaʿbah,” “Masjidu ʾl-Harām,” “Zamzam;” Sprenger’s Life of Mohammad, pp. 46–62; Muir’s Mahomet and Islam, pp. 12–17, 215–219.

470.  Burton’s Pilgrimage, III., 260.

471.  See, for example, Rawlinson’s Cuneiform Inscriptions of Western Asia, III., 41, 43; IV., 41; Hilprecht’s Freibrief Nebukadnezar’s, I., col. II., 26–60; Beitraege zur Assyriologie, II., 165–203, 258 ff.

472.  An unknown product of the field.

473.  From the Michaux Stone, columns II.-IV. in Rawlinson’s Cuneiform Inscriptions of Western Asia, I., pl. 70; translated for this work by Prof. Dr. H.V. Hilprecht. See illustrations in Maspero’s Dawn of Civilization, pp. 762, 763. See Sayce’s Religion of the Ancient Babylonians, p. 308.