1.  Occasionally rendered in early life “Black Sparrow Hawk.”

2.  His weight is commonly placed at 140 pounds.

3.  This statement, written at the time, would seem to warrant the assertion by friends that Black Hawk’s old and disfigured “plug” hat was buried with him, instead of a military cap, as contended by a few claiming knowledge.

4.  Much has been written of the perfection of Black Hawk’s head; so much that it may not be inappropriate to refer to an article to be found in the American Phrenological Journal for November, 1838, Vol. I, No. 2, page 51 et seq. On page 60: “We are much pleased with the following extract from the pen of the editor of the U.S. Literary Gazette, Philadelphia: ‘We found time yesterday to visit Black Hawk and the Indian chiefs at the Congress Hall Hotel. We went into their chamber, and found most of them sitting or lying on their beds. Black Hawk was sitting on a chair and apparently depressed in spirits. He is about sixty-five, of middling size, with a head that would excite the envy of a phrenologist–one of the finest that Heaven ever let fall on the shoulders of an Indian.’

Measurements from his bust:

“These measurements are taken with callipers, from the bust of Black Hawk, which was taken in plaster of Paris from the living head and face, by the Messrs. Fowler, in 1837, at New York. As his head was mostly shaved, they are probably as perfect and accurate, by making allowance of about half an inch for integuments, as though measured directly on the skull itself.”

5.  That book was dictated by Black Hawk in 1833, interpreted by Antoine Le Claire to J.B. Patterson, who wrote it down in English and assisted materially in securing its publication the following year. Mr. Patterson was a private in Captain Maughs’ company of Jo Daviess County volunteers.

6.  Reynolds, “My Own Times,” p. 320; Perkins and Peck, Annals of the West; Hist. Des Moines Co., Iowa. Brown’s Hist. of Illinois, p. 377: “Black Hawk compared with Philip of Pokanoket, Pontiac, Little Turtle or Tecumseh, was but an ordinary man–inferior vastly to either. That he was brave is probable. Mere bravery is but a common virtue in the savage. That he was politic beyond others can scarcely be pretended. He evinced no particular talents in any of his plans, nor did he exhibit extraordinary skill in their accomplishment.”

7.  Hist. of Des Moines County, p. 345.

8.  Reynolds, “My Own Times;” Hist. of Des Moines County, p. 339.

9.  Perkins and Peck, “Annals of the West,” p. 795, Ed. of 1850; Thwaite’s “Story of Black Hawk;” Hist. of Des Moines County, Iowa; Fulton’s “Red Men of Iowa,” and letters from Agents Forsythe and St. Vrain.

10.  Drake.

11.  Treaty concluded April 30, 1803.

12.  The Illinois country, to which the two tribes finally emigrated, was transferred by the French to the English crown in 1765. Thus Black Hawk was born under British rule.

13.  Brown’s Hist. of Illinois, p. 381, is emphatic on this point.

14.  When the French discovered and took possession of Illinois, neither the Sacs nor Foxes had any claim or existence on the tract of country mentioned in this treaty. Am. State Papers, V, 689, 690, 663. Dawson’s Life of Harrison, 59. Perkins and Peck, Annals of the West, 546.

15.  “Public Statutes at Large,” ed. 1848, p. 31.

16.  Dawson’s “Life of Harrison.” (William Henry.)

17.  The exact number employed on this construction was one first lieutenant. Alpha Kingsley; one second lieutenant, Nathaniel Pryor; one surgeon’s mate, three sergeants, three corporals, two musicians and sixty privates of Captain Pinckney’s company of the First Infantry.–Annals of Iowa, Vol. 3, No. 2. p. 103.

18.  Reynolds, “My Own Times.”

19.  Maj. John Beach, agent of Sacs and Foxes, substantiated the story. Fulton and in Hist. Lee Co., Iowa, p. 358.

20.  In 1811, there being a strong probability of war, a deputation of Sacs and Foxes, said to have included Quash-qua-me, visited Washington to tender the services of their tribes to the President; but the members of it were thanked and requested to remain neutral and they returned. Again in 1812, after war had been declared, the same tribes sent deputations to the American agent at St. Louis, renewing their offer of services to fight the British, but again they were urged to remain neutral, which most of them did.

21.  Black Hawk fought at the Battle of Frenchtown, January 22, 1813, and participated in the massacre of the 23d which followed. He was also at Ft. Meigs, April 28, 1813; Ft. Stephenson, July 31, and finally the Battle of the Thames. October 5, 1813.

22.  Fulton, p. 76. The Annals of Iowa.

23.  Their final contest was in April, 1832.

24.  The moment Black Hawk returned, the Sacs of his village became unusually active in their depredations.

25.  This was one of the posts the British solemnly stipulated in the treaty of Paris to turn over to the U.S.. but which they retained.

26.  Niles Register, Vol. 6, p. 242.–June 11, 1814.

27.  Niles Register, Vol. 6, p. 242.–June 11, 1814.

28.  History generally records Dickson as a trader of good parts and not- so savage as pictured during this war.

29.  Niles Register, Vol. 6, p. 426.–Aug. 20, 1814.

30.  Niles Register, Vol. 6, p. 390.–Aug. 6, 1814.

31.  His autobiography.

32.  Copy of letter to Gen. Howard, Niles Reg., Sup. to Vol. 7, p. 137.

33.  Niles Reg., Vol. 8, p. 311.–June 10, 1815.

34.  Black Hawk claimed the credit of being in the sink and also of killing Capt. Craig, “the leader,” which, of course, could not be true.

35.  Niles Reg., Vol. 8, p. 311.–July 1, 1815.

36.  Niles Reg., Vol. 8, p. 312.–July 1, 1815.

37.  Niles, Vol. 8, p. 312.–July 1, 1815.

38.  Niles, Vol. 8, p. 271.–June 17, 1815.

39.  Niles, Vol. 8, p. 348.–July 15, 1815.

40.  Niles, Vol. 8, p. 436.–Aug. 19, 1815.

41.  All these Indian troubles dated from Black Hawk’s return, it must be noted. Prior to it, no record is to be found of hostile Sacs.

42.  Armstrong’s “The Sauks, etc.,” p. 126.

43.  Vol. 7, Pub. Statutes at Large, U.S., p. 134, ed. 1848.

44.  Vol. 7, Pub. Stat, at Large of U.S., p. 135.

45.  Vol. 7, Pub. Stat. (U.S.) at Large, p. 141.

46.  Flagler’s Rock Island Arsenal, p. 15.

47.  Auto., p. 70.

48.  Journal of Maj. Thomas Forsythe, the Indian agent, who called June 24, 1819, at Black Hawk’s village to pay the installment due, as all previous ones had been paid. Vol. 6, Wis. Hist. So. Colls., p. 191.

49.  Morse’s Report to Secretary War, pp. 139, 377, etc.

50.  Morse’s Report, p. 59.

51.  Beltrami’s Pilgrimage, Vol. 2, p. 165.

52.  A circumstance demanding notice.

53.  If he had behaved himself as advised, there had been no Black Hawk campaigns in 1831-2 and no occasion for this history. The admonition contains more food for thought than four volumes of comment could supply.

54.  Annals of the West, Perkins & Peck Edition, pp. 713, 795.

55.  U.S. Stat., p. 223, and comment in above Annals, p. 796.

56.  U.S. Stat., p. 229.

57.  U.S. Stat., p. 272.

58.  Vol. 5, Wis. Hist. Colls., p. 130, et seq.

59.  P. 143, above.

60.  Vol. 5, Wis. Hist. Colls., p. 144.

61.  Vol. 5, Wis. Hist. Colls., p. 147.

62.  Annals of the West, pp. 796-7; Brown’s Hist. of Illinois, p. 357.

63.  December 24, 1811; January 11, 1812, and December 10, 1814.

64.  Peck’s Gazeteer for 1825. The land was surveyed in 1815 and 1816.

By letter of the Surveyor-General, August 10, 1815, we are informed that lands were selected in Southern Michigan, Northern Ohio, the military tract in Illinois and in Missouri, but by reason of Indian hostility the first two selections could not be surveyed that year.–Niles Reg., Vol. 9, p. 15.

65.  Annals of the West, p. 797. In 1828 the President issued his proclamation opening this land, which had been previously surveyed, and the following year was occupied, and later sold.

66.  In 1828 some few lingered, but by May all but Black Hawk’s band and Quash-qua-me remained.

67.  The planting of the corn in 1829 by the squaws was done to feed those who had gone to the Iowa River and were there preparing new fields, which could not then be used.

68.  Wakefield, Appendix, Note 1, pp. 107-116.

69.  Catlin.

70.  “My Own Times,” p. 328.

71.  See page 170, post.

72.  Forsythe’s letter of 1829, ante, was one of them.

73.  See letter Col. Henry Gratiot, next following.

74.  Fulton’s “Red Men of Iowa,” p. 194; Davidson & Stuvé Hist. Ill., p. 377.

75.  Reynolds’ “My Own Times,” p. 334.

76.  Subsequently Governor of Illinois.

77.  On the election of Henry to be colonel, John Dement was made aide to Reynolds.

78.  Wakefield.

79.  The name of George F. Kennedy has at times been confused with that of Samuel F. Kendle.

80.  40 Niles, 341, says June 19.

81.  Ford, 112.

82.  Ford, 115.

83.  Ex. Doc. B, 1st Sess. 22d Congress, p. 187.

84.  Peters’ U.S. Stat. at Large, Vol. vii. p. 272.

85.  See same in map of “Military Tract.”

86.  Vol. 2, Wis. Hist. Colls., p. 170.

87.  Keokuk, as will be seen later, said the matter was “made all good and even,” but no record of the transaction is to be found.

88.  Twenty-five.

89.  Untrue in every respect. Every Sac who attempted an explanation had a widely different version.

90.  Substantially different from the other version and painfully unreal.

91.  Pronounced Naw-pope.

92.  Fulton’s Red Men, 233.

93.  Almost identical with the speech of Cornstalk at Chillicothe, just after the battle of Point Pleasant.

94.  Armstrong.

95.  Life of A.S. Johnston, p. 33.

96.  Life of A.S. Johnston, p. 35.

97.  Wakefield, p. 10.

98.  Wis. Hist. Colls., Vol. x, p. 253.

99.  Life A.S. Johnston, p. 35.

100.  The Colonel’s Indian name.

101.  Wakefield. There are many versions of Col. Gratiot’s trip; but the one given is considered the most authentic, as it came through Hon. E.B. Washburne, son-in-law of Col. Gratiot.

102.  In command of March from St. Louis.

103.  Note:–The Indian scare having reached Ft. Dearborn, a company of 40 men pledged themselves to defend it and elected Gholson Kercheval Captain, George W. Dale First Lieutenant and John S.C. Hogan Second Lieutenant, May 3d.

104.  Edwards, Hist, of Ill., 368.

105.  Gen. Order No. 8.

106.  Harney’s company was then stationed at Ft. Armstrong.

107.  Subsequently Atty. Gen. of Ill.

108.  Later U.S. Senator.

109.  From Risdon Marshall Moore of San Antonio, Texas, the following information is gathered: His father, Jonathan Moore, a brother of the Captain, was a private in this company. The grandfather, Risdon Moore, was Speaker of the Territorial Legislature of Illinois in 1814 and in 1822 signed the celebrated protest against slavery.

Capt. William Moore, besides being a member of the Ninth and Tenth General Assemblies, occupied many positions of prominence. See also “Historical Encyclopedia of Illinois.”

110.  This roster will be found to materially differ from the “Record of the Services of Illinois Soldiers,” published by the Adjutant General in 1882, which is shamefully inaccurate in many particulars. I fortunately came into possession of the original “rank roll,” so called, made by General Whiteside and Maj. Buckmaster, which has permitted me to be accurate.

111.  Of the First Inf. Sidney Burbank.

112.  Thomas J. Beall, of the First Inf.

113.  Col. John Ewing, Maj. John A. Wakefield and a Mr. Kinney, who understood the Sac language and who served as guide.

114.  The U.S. Infantry and Long’s foot battalion left on the 10th. The Prophet’s village was reached on the 14th.

115.  Pronounced Ozha.

116.  James Haines, still living at Pekin, remembers the circumstances well. His two older brothers, Alfred and Jonathan, were members of Capt. Adams’ company.

117.  Shabbona’s village.

118.  Note:–Dodge’s command (May 8) proceeded by way of Apple River to Buffalo Grove, at which an Indian trail led to Rock River, at a point nearly opposite the mouth of the Kish-wau-kee and only a few miles from Stillman’s battle, and where the troops were encamped at that time. Smith’s Hist. Wis., Vol. 1, p. 266.

119.  Wakefield.

120.  Col. Wm. S. Hamilton and many other usually reliable authorities claimed the flag was red, indicative of war; but that contention cannot be credited.

121.  All survivors interviewed by the author stoutly maintained that Black Hawk so disposed his troops as to make it appear that the whites were surrounded.

122.  The father and mother of Capt. Adams were killed by Indians.

123.  Wakefield, p. 21, is authority for the statement that Dr. Donaldson was surgeon of Stillman’s Battalion.

124.  The shock to Mrs. Adams on learning of her husband’s horrible fate deprived her of reason, which was never recovered.

125.  On June 14, 1902, the State of Illinois dedicated a monument costing $5,000 on the hill where Capt. Adams made his stand. The officers of the association to whom the credit of securing that monument is due are Lovejoy Johnson, Pt.; L. Dickerman, V. Pt.; John A. Atwood, Secy.; John A. White, Treas.; Wallace Revell, Trustee.

126.  Reddick Horn.

127.  2d Sergeant Parker Adams, of Gideon Simpson’s Company.

128.  Hist. Jo Daviess County, p. 284.

129.  William Campbell was later made Major of the Twenty-seventh Regiment.

130.  Vol. 1, p. 265, Smith’s Hist. of Wis.

131.  The “talk” had at this meeting given in full note A, p. 416, Smith, Vol. I.

132.  Iles’ Early Life and Times, p. 43. The author claimed the presence of Col. William S. Hamilton in his party, but in that he was mistaken, as Col. Hamilton returned to Galena with Strode.

133.  The statement by Matson that one Mike Girty was connected with the Indian Creek massacre is incorrect.

134.  Matson’s “Memories of Shau-be-na.”

135.  Matson.

A.  That part of Morgan County subsequently organized into Cass County in 1837.

136.  Kee-was-see was another defendant, Armstrong 368. Richard M. Young was the judge, Thomas Ford the prosecutor, and Hamilton and Bigelow attorneys for defense at that time.

137.  Also served at Bad Axe.