[A] Vide Marshall, 2d chief of the Creeks, March, 1848, War Office.
Of the Cherokees, their fixed geographical position in the hills and alpine valleys of the mountains; their compactness and permanency, their peaceful policy with respect to the southern Indians generally, and their language itself, appear to afford elements of a classification, of which the original members, like those of the Iroquois, whom they resemble in their original Totemic organization, the descent of the chieftaincy in the female line, and some small coincidences of language, must be sought far west, or south-west from the Mississippi.
The whole number of works received in the languages and dialects of this mixed groupe, is forty-five; of which, twenty are in the Cherokee, and printed in the Cherokee character; nineteen in the Choctaw; and four in the Creek. Translations, vocabularies, and historical or illustrative information respecting the Natchez, Utchees, and Catawbas, are of vital importance to the establishment of this groupe.
72.—The Gospel of St. John, in the Cherokee. 1 vol. 18mo. 101 p. Park Hill, Arkansas Mission Press, John Candy, printer. 2d edition, A. D. 1841.
This Gospel is printed in the Cherokee character, under the supervision of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions. The name of the translator is not given.
73.—The Gospel of Matthew, in the Cherokee. 1 vol. 18mo. 120 p. Park Hill, Arkansas Mission Press, John Candy, printer. 3d edition, A. D. 1840. Also 2d edition A. D. 1832.
Printed in the Cherokee character, under the same authority as the preceding. Name of the translator not given.
74.—Doctrines and Discipline. 1 vol. 18mo. 45 p. Park Hill, Arkansas Mission Press, John Candy, printer, A. D. 1842.
This tract in the Cherokee has been prepared under the preceding auspices.
75.—Cherokee Primer. 1 vol. 18mo. 24 p. Park Hill, Arkansas Mission Press, A. D. 1840, J. Candy, printer. Also edition of 1846.
Under the same auspices. This is a child’s first book, and begins with the Cherokee syllabical alphabet in 85 characters, followed with spelling lessons, with cuts, and easy reading lessons illustrated in the same manner; also the numerals, and a short catechism.
76.—The Epistles of John, in the Cherokee. 1 vol. 18mo. 20 pages. Park Hill, Arkansas Mission Press, J. Candy, printer, A. D. 1840. Cherokee character.
Authority same as the preceding. To aid, apparently, the pupil, in forming a just conception of the event of the Crucifixion, a print thereof is added, with a serpent round about the foot of the Cross, and a city (Jerusalem?) in the back ground. This symbolical mode of teaching, is not observed in any other of the American Board’s scripture translations.
77.—Evils of Intoxicating Liquor, and the Remedy. 1 vol. 18mo. p. 59. Park Hill, Arkansas Mission Press, J. Candy, printer, A. D. 1842, 1844.
In this volume, three separate tracts, in the Cherokee character, on the use of intoxicating drinks, are bound together, in the usual Cherokee type, to match with the Gospels.
78.—Cherokee Hymns. 1 vol. 18mo. 67 pages. Cherokee character. Park Hill, Arkansas Mission Press, A. B. C. F. M., A. D. 1844. J. Candy, printer. Seventh edition. Also, fifth edition, 1833.
These hymns are translated from several sources, and adapted to the ordinary metres.
79.—Cherokee Almanac, for 1846. 1 vol. 12mo. 36 pages. Cherokee character. Missionary Press, A. B. C. F. M., Park Hill, Arkansas. J. Candy & John F. Wheeler, printers.
This is a useful and appropriate tract, and besides the usual astronomical calculations, has notices of some of the features and working of the new Cherokee Government, terms of Courts, &c.
80.—The Gospel of Jesus Christ, according to John. 1 vol. 18mo. p. 101. Park Hill, Ark. Miss. Press, A. B. C. F. M., John F. Wheeler, printer. A. D. 1838.
This translation into the Cherokee character is by the Rev. S. A. Worcester and Mr. Elias Boudinot, the latter an educated Cherokee.
81.—Poor Sarah. 1 vol. 18mo. 18 p. Cherokee character. A. D. 1843. Missionary Press, Arkansas. Also, edition of 1833. From the latter, this translation appears to be by Mr. E. Boudinot.
82.—Select Passages from the Holy Scriptures. 1 vol. 18mo. p. 24. Cherokee character. No imprint.
83.—The Acts of the Apostles. 1 vol. 18mo. p. 127. New Echota: John F. Wheeler and John Candy, printers. Printed for the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, A. D. 1833.
This translation is by the Rev. Samuel A. Worcester and Mr. Elias Boudinot.
84. Cherokee Almanac for 1840, p. 24. Park Hill, Arkansas.
85.””for 1846, p. 36. Union,”
86.””for 1847, p. 36. Park Hill,”
These Almanacs are expressed, chiefly, in the Cherokee character, while they denote its further adaptation to the language of astronomy, and give some facts of value in the local history and progress of this tribe; as such, they are, with No. 80, valuable elements of information.
87.—Scriptures in Cherokee. Various Gospels, &c. 1 vol. 18mo. 483 pages. Park Hill, Arkansas Mission Press, A. B. C. F. M., A. D. 1844.
This is a substantially bound volume, consisting of the Gospels, Acts, Epistles of Paul to Timothy, and select passages of Scripture, Hymns, &c., forming a kind of Scripture miscellany of much value.
88.—Cherokee Primer, edition of 1846. 4 copies. 1 vol. 18mo. 24 pages. Park Hill, Arkansas.
The progress of primary education, among this people, may be inferred from this tract.
89.—Temperance Tracts and Miscellanies. 1 vol. 18mo. 116 pages. Park Hill Mission Press. A. D. 1844.
This volume consists of four separate tracts, bound together.
90.—Dairyman’s Daughter and Rob the Sailor. 1 vol. 18mo. p. 67. Park Hill Mission Press, Arkansas, A. B. C. F. M., A. D. 1847. Candy and Archer, printers.
Two popular religious tracts are here presented in the Cherokee language, in their own alphabetical character. The translators’ names are not given.
91.—Sermon by the Rev. A. Dickinson. 1 vol. 18mo. p. 24. Cherokee character. No imprint.
92.—Cherokee Singing Book. 1 vol. 4to. 86 pages. Boston: A. P. Kendrick, printer, for A. B. C. F. M., A. D. 1846.
93.—The Four Gospels in Choctaw. Boston. 1 vol. large 12mo. 410 pages. Crocker & Brewster, for the A. B. C. F. M., A. D. 1845. Second edition.
These Gospels are separately printed and paged, but bound up together, and form a handsome volume. They are regarded by the best educated Choctaws, as a faithful rendition of the original into that tongue.
94.—Chahta Holisso, it im Anumpuli, or the Choctaw Reader for the use of native schools. Union: Printed for the A. B. C. F. M., by John F. Wheeler. A. D. 1836. 123 pages.
There is a table of contents added, in English and Indian, to direct the pupil to the leading passages.
95.—Constitution and Laws of the Choctaw Nation. Park Hill, Cherokee Nation, John Candy, printer. A. D. 1840.
This volume consists of two pamphlets of 36 and 40 pages respectively, giving the matter in both languages.
96.—Chahta uba Isht Taloa Holisso, or Choctaw Hymn Book. Third edition, revised. Boston: 1 vol. 12mo. p. 175. A. D. 1844. Press of T. R. Marvin. Published for the A. B. C. F. M.
97.—General Rules of the United Societies of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Park Hill: J. Candy. 1841. 24 pages.
98.—Triumphant Death of Pious Children. Boston: 1 vol. 12mo. p. 72. Crocker & Brewster, for the A. B. C. F. M.
A few hymns are added at the close of these simple and pertinent narratives.
99.—Chahta Holisso. Third edition, revised. Boston: Crocker & Brewster, for the A. B. C. F. M., 1 vol. 12mo. p. 72.
100.—Family Education and Government. A Discourse in the Choctaw language, by J. S. Williams. Boston: A. D. 1835. Crocker & Brewster, for the A. B. C. F. M., p. 48. With a brief synopsis of the discourse at its close, from which the importance of its subjects may be judged of.
101.—Choctaw Arithmetic. Chahta Na-Holhtina. Boston: 1 vol. 12mo. p. 72. Crocker & Brewster, for the A. B. C. F. M., A. D. 1835.
102.—The Child’s Book on Creation, or Ulla I Holisso, &c. 1 vol. 12mo. Park Hill, Cherokee Nation. Mission Press: Candy & Wheeler. A. D. 1845. Second edition.
Fourteen separate tracts are bound up in this volume, making 159 pages of matter, which is drawn from the sermons and writings of Edwards, Nevins, and other distinguished divines of past and modern times.
103.—Ulla I Katikisma, or Child’s Catechism. Boston: 1 vol. 12mo. 16 pages. A. D. 1835. Crocker & Brewster, for the A. B. C. F. M. Second edition, revised.
104.—Holisso Holitopa. Scripture Lessons. Utica, N. Y: 1 vol. 12mo. p. 151. Press of William Williams. A. D. 1831.
This volume is inscribed on the blank page, in front, “Sabbath School Book,” and bears the marks of having been much used by scholars.
105.—The History of Joseph and his Brethren, in Choctaw. Utica, N. Y. Press of W. Williams. A. D. 1831. 48 pages, 12mo.
The translation of this little volume is due to Joseph Dakes, a native Choctaw interpreter, with the revision of John Pitchlyn, who appends, in a certificate, his judgment of its faithfulness to the original, and probable value to his people.
106.—Chahta Holisso A Tukla, or the Second Chahta Book. 1 vol. 12mo. p. 144.
This volume contains translations of portions of the Scriptures, biographical notices of Henry Obokiah and Catherine Brown, a catechism and dissertations on religious subjects. It was printed at Cincinnati in 1827, by Morgan, Dodge & Fisher. The translator’s name is withheld.
107.—The Acts of the Apostles. Boston: 1 vol. 12mo. p. 165. Crocker & Brewster, for the A. B. C. F. M., A. D. 1839.
This volume is accompanied by evidences of that carefulness and desire to create exact impressions in the use of language, which are deemed of much value. It closes with a list of Scripture proper names, as pronounced by the ancients and by Choctaws; a table of words of unusual use in the Choctaw, as Apostle, Baptise, Blaspheme, &c., together with a few English words, for which no equivalents could be found, as Angel, Synagogue, Temple, &c., and a detailed table of contents.
108.—Chahta Ikhan anchi, or the Choctaw Instructor. Utica, N. Y: William Williams. A. D. 1831. 1 vol. 12mo. p. 155. By a missionary.
This volume contains a brief summary of Old Testament History and Biography, with practical reflections. It acknowledges the aid and services of Isaac Watson, a native interpreter.
109.—Chahta Holisso. Boston: 1 vol. 12mo. 108 pages. Crocker & Brewster, for the A. B. C. F. M., A. D. 1830.
This is a Spelling Book, apparently the second attempt of that kind, with the Choctaw, and carries the pupil from monosyllables, into easy reading lessons. It ends with a transmutation of the English names of the months into Anglo-Choctaw, as Macha for March, Eplil for April, Me for May, Chum for June, Chuli for July, Akus for August, &c.
110.—Choctaw Spelling Book of 1827. Second edition, revised. Cincinnati: Printed by Morgan, Dodge & Fisher.
111.—The Epistle of James, Chemis I Holisso Hake. Park Hill Mission Press. John Candy. A. D. 1843. 42 pages, 18mo.
To this Epistle, is appended the first three Chapters of Revelations.
112.—Chani I Holisso Ummona Hoke. The Epistles of John. Park Hill Mission Press. 27 pages, 18mo. A. D. 1841.
113.—The Muskoke Spelling Book. Park Hill, Cherokee Nation. Mission Press. E. Archer, printer. A. D. 1847. 36 pages, 18mo. Prepared by Rev. P. Harrison and D. P. Aspberry.
114.—Nakchokv Esyvhiketv. Muskoke Hymns, collected and revised by Rev. R. M. Loughridge. Park Hill, Mission Press. John Candy, printer. A. D. 1843. 1 vol. 18mo. p. 45.
To these hymns, the Ten Commandments and Lord’s Prayer, are added.
115.—The Muskoke Hymns of 1847, prepared and revised by Rev. P. Harrison and D. P. Aspberry, native missionaries. 1 vol. 18mo. 101 p.
These are the hymns of Loughridge, of 1835, in a revised and improved form.
116.—A Short Sermon: Also, Hymns in the Muskoke or Creek language, by the Rev. John Fleming. Boston: Crocker & Brewster, for the A. B. C. F. M., 1 vol. 18mo. 35 pages. A. D. 1835.
But one member of this groupe had crossed the Mississippi, in their ancient migrations, and fixed themselves in the area east of it. This tribe was the Winnebagoes, who formerly maintained an independent position in central Wisconsin. They went into Iowa, a few years since, and have just completed their second removal into the country of the Chippewas, on the west banks of the Upper Mississippi. There is thus left no portion of this stock east of that stream, save, perhaps, a small band of the Sioux, who are yet located on its east bank, between the Falls of St. Anthony and the mouth of the St. Croix river. The great body of the Dacota groupe extend westward (north of Iowa) to and beyond the Missouri, stretching southwardly below the Rocky Mountains across the waters of the Platte. The Iowas, the Otoes, Omahaws, Osages, &c., are elder branches of this groupe, who appear as a body, inclined to fall back, in that direction.
The principal missionary efforts have been among the Sioux proper, in which there have been published, so far as known, thirteen separate translations; at the same time there have been five translations in the Iowa, and a single work, in each of the dialects of the Winnebago, Otoe, and Osage.
117.—Wicoicage Wowapi qa odowan Wakan, &c.—The Book of Genesis, and a part of the Psalms. 1 vol. 12mo. p. 295. Cincinnati, Ohio: Kendall & Barnard, for the A. B. C. F. Missions, A. D. 1842.
This is a version of the Book of Genesis and a part of the Psalms from the original Hebrew into the Dakota, by the missionaries of the American Board and Mr. Joseph Renville, Sr.
118.—Jesus Ohnihde Wicaye cin oranyanpi Qon: qa Palos Wowapi Kage ciqon, &c. 1 vol. 12mo. p. 228. Cincinnati, Ohio: Kendall & Barnard, for the American Bible Society, A. D. 1843.
This volume contains the Acts of the Apostles, the Epistles and the Revelation of John, in the Dakota language, translated from the Greek by Stephen R. Riggs, A. M.
119.—Old Testament Extracts. 1 vol. 18mo. aggregate pages 216. Cincinnati, Ohio, A. D. 1839. Printed by Kendall & Henry, for the A. B. C. F. Missions.
This volume contains extracts from Genesis and the Psalms, the third chapter of Proverbs, and the third chapter of Daniel, translated from the French version of the Bible by Joseph Renville, Sr., and prepared for the press by Dr. Thomas S. Williamson.
120.—Wowapi Mitawa, tamakece Kaga—My own Book. 1 vol. 18 mo. 64 pages, A. D. 1842. Boston: Crocker & Brewster, for the A. B. C. F. M.
Prepared from Rev. T. H. Gallaudet’s “Mother’s Primer” and “Child’s Picture Defining and Reading Book,” by S. R. Riggs, A. M.
121.—Dakota Dowanpi Kin—Sioux Hymns. 1 vol. 18mo. 71 pages, A. D. 1842. Boston: Crocker & Brewster, for the A. B. C. F. Missions.
These hymns are composed in the Dacota language by Mr. Joseph Renville and Sons.
122.—The Dakota First Reading Book. 1 vol. 18mo. 50 pages. Cincinnati, Ohio, A. D. 1839: Kendall & Henry, for the A. B. C. F. M. Prepared by Stephen R. Riggs and Gideon H. Pond.
123.—Dakota Wiwangapiwowapi—Sioux Catechism. 1 vol. 12mo. 12 pages, A. D. 1844. New Haven, Conn: Hitchcock & Stafford, for the A. B. C. F. M. By Rev. S. W. Pond.
124.—Eliza Marpicokawin, Raratonwan oyate en wapige Sa; qa Sara war panica qon, &c. 12 pages, 12mo. Boston: Crocker & Brewster, for the A. B. C. F. M., A. D. 1842.
A narrative of a pious native female.
125. Wowapi Inonpa—The Second Dacota Reading Book. Boston: Crocker & Brewster, for the A. B. C. F. M., 1 vol. 12mo. 54 pages, A. D. 1842. By Rev. S. W. Pond. Consists of Bible stories from the Old Testament.
126.—Wiconi Owihanke Wannin Taninkin. Boston: Crocker & Brewster, for the A. B. C. F. M., 23 pages 12mo. A. D. 1837.
This volume contains Dr. Watts’ Second Catechism for children, translated into the Dacota by Joseph Renville, Sr.
127.—Sioux Spelling Book, designed for the use of native learners. Boston: Crocker & Brewster, for the A. B. C. F. M., 22 pages 12mo. A. D. 1836.
This useful little elementary volume is accompanied with a Key of the vowel sounds.
128.—Josep Oyakapi Kin—The History of Joseph and his Brethren. Cincinnati: Kendall & Henry, for the A. B. C. F. M., 1 vol. 40 p. 18mo. A. D. 1839.
This is a translation of the narration, of the events, on this subject, recorded in Genesis, by Samuel W. and Gideon H. Pond, educated natives.
129.—Woahope Wikcemna Kin, (sheet.)
We have here, the Ten Commandments, and the Lord’s Prayer, in the Dakota. No imprint.
130.—Wotanin Waxte Markus owa Kin Dee. Cincinnati: Kendall & Henry, for the A. B. C. F. Missions. 1 vol. 18mo. 96 pages, A. D. 1839.
The Gospel of Mark in this translation is put into Sioux orally by Jos. Renville, Sr., and was written and prepared for the press by Dr. Thomas L. Williamson.
131.—Ocangra Aramee Wa wa Ka Ka ra—Ocangra Prayer Book. Detroit: George L. Whitney, printer. Published for the Catholic Church, A. D. 1833, 18 pages, 12mo.
This appears to be the first attempt at translation into the Winnebago dialect. It is a translation of part of the Ottawa prayer book, containing 203 pages (vide No. 45,) 2d edition, used by the Ottawa Indians of L’arbre Croche.
132.—Original Hymns in the Iowa language. 1 vol. 62 pages, 18mo. with forms of Prayer, 24 pages, and an introduction to the shorter Catechisms, 29 pages.
This volume is prepared by the missionaries of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church, and printed at their press at the Iowa and Sac Mission, Indian Territory. A. D. 1843.
133.—An Iowa Grammar, in part.
Of this work, 111 pages, 18mo., from page 9 to 100 inclusive, have been received from Messrs. Irvin & Hamilton, missionaries among the Iowas, on the Missouri, in the service of the Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church of the United States. Its completion is looked for with interest.
134.—Iowa Primer, in part.
There are but 8 pages of this publication, extending from pages 17 to 24 inclusive, which was transmitted by Walter Lowry, Esq., Secretary Board Foreign Missions Presbyterian Church, United States. These sheets contain tables of Iowa dyssyllables and trysyllables, carefully accented, with their equivalents in English, and constitute fragmentary elements of value.
135.—Iowa Hymns, a fragment.
This consists of 16 pages of translation, No. 132, of the same date and edition.
136.—St. Matthew in Iowa, in part.
But five Chapters (32 pages,) of this Gospel, have been received from the translators, Messrs. Irvin & Hamilton, who are the same gentlemen engaged on the Grammar, No. 133.
137.—Otoe Hymn Book, by Moses Merrill. Shawanoe Mission. J. Meeker, printer, A. D. 1834.
This appears to be the only translation of any kind which has been made into Otoe. The sound of k following f, as in lra-ke-kofk, reminds the observer of a common sound in the Tuscarora, which appears wanting in all the dialects which are geographically located between them. It has also, the final tl, a termination so common to the Aztecs.
138.—Washashe Wageressa Pahugreh Tse. The Osage First Book. Boston: Crocker & Brewster, for the A. B. C. F. Missions. 1 vol. 18mo. 126 pages. A. D. 1834.
The broad sound of the letter a, as heard in fall, is represented in this compilation, by a peculiar enlargement of the letter. The word Wacondah, the family name of this groupe, for the Great Spirit, is dropped, and its place supplied by “Chihova,” (Jehovah.)
Of the thirteen distinct generic families or groupes of Indians, reported to exist along the Oregon and California shores of the Pacific, by the ethnographer of Captain Wilkes’ Expedition, but a single specimen of translation has been received. It was, it appears, the Sa-aptins, and not the Flatheads of the Salish groupe, who applied for teachers, by performing a long journey to St. Louis. And the small elementary work, below noticed, is to be regarded as the first fruits of the mission established among them.
139.—Nez Perce’s First Book. Designed for children and new beginners. Clear Water Mission Press. 20 pages, 18mo. A. D. 1839.
The first spelling lesson consists of 44 monosyllables; the second, 124 dyssyllables; the third, of 56 dyssyllables; the fifth, of 60 dyssyllables, and the sixth, of 18 dyssyllables. The sounds of tl, lh and hl, appear to be the only ones which are not known to the tribes east of the mountains, but have their analogies in the Aztec family.
Mr. Hale, the ethnographer attached to Captain Wilkes’ Expedition, observes of this tribe, that it is supposed to number 2,000 souls. The Sa-aptins possess the country on the Lewis or Snake river, from the Petoos to Wapticaciaes, about 400 miles. They resemble the Missouri Indians; have horses, are good hunters, and make long excursions to the Rocky Mountains. They had, formerly, wars with the Shoshonees, Crows, and Blackfeet. They sent a deputation for missionaries, across the Rocky Mountains. The disposition of this tribe has been much eulogized by travellers. They are considered superior in intellect to the other Oregon tribes.