[85] Walter J. Hoffman. “The Midewiwin or ‘Grand Medicine Society’ of the Ojibwa.” In the 7th Annual Report of Bur. of Ethnol. 1891, pp. 143-299.
[86] Miss Frances Densmore. “Use of Plants by the Chippewa Indians.” In 44th Ann. Rept. Bur. Am. Ethnol., 1928, pp. 275-397.
[87] Field work is completed upon the ethnobotany of the Forest Pottawatomi, Winnebago and Oneida Indians, and bulletins will appear upon their ethnobotany at a future date. All will follow the same general plan.
[88] OJIBWE SYLLABARY
The letters all have the English value except tta and ga, which are pronounced cha and kwa. A, e, i, and o when pronounced alone become ha, he, hi, ho. Extra characters are Ji, pronounced zhi, and di, pronounced dzhi.
[89] “The Indian tribes of the Upper Mississippi Valley and region of the Great Lakes” By Nicolas Perrot, translated by E. H. Blair, 1911, Vol. 1, p. 109.
[90] “The last Indian uprising in the U.S.” Louis H. Roddis, Minn. Hist. Bull. Vol. 3, No. 5, pp. 273-290.
[91] “Sketches of a tour of the Lakes, of the character and customs of the Chippeway Indians, and of the incidents connected with the treaty of Fond du Lac,” Thos. L. McKenney, (Balto. 1827).
[92] Present Series, Vol. IV, pl. 31, fig. 3
[93] Present Series, Vol. IV, pl. 31, fig. 4
[94] Present Series, Vol. IV, pl. 35, fig. 4.
[95] Present Series, Vol. IV, pl. 15, fig. 4
[96] Present series, Vol. IV, pl. 45, fig. 1.
[97] Present series, Vol. IV, pl. 26, fig. 2.
[98] Present series, Vol. IV, pl. 28, fig. 2.
[99] Present series, Vol. IV, pl. 16, fig. 3.
[100] Present series, Vol. IV, pl. 17, fig. 1.
[101] Present series, Vol. IV, pl. 17, fig. 2.
[102] Present series, Vol. IV, pl. 16, fig. 1.
[103] Present series, Vol. IV, pl. 31, fig. 1.
[104] Present series, Vol. IV, pl. 18, fig. 1.
[105] Present series, Vol. IV, pl. 11, fig. 1.
[106] Present series, Vol. IV, pl. 20, fig. 1.
[107] Present series, Vol. IV, pl. 19, fig. 2.
[108] Present series, Vol. IV, pl. 33, fig. 1.
[109] Present series, Vol. IV, pl. 40, fig. 2.
[110] Present series, Vol. IV, pl. 20, fig. 3.
[111] Present series, Vol. IV, pl. 19, fig. 3.
[112] Present series, Vol. IV, pl. 19, fig. 4.
[113] Present series, Vol. IV, pl. 14, fig. 3.
[114] Present series, Vol. IV, pl. 13, fig. 1.
[115] Present series, Vol. IV, pl. 32, fig. 3.
[116] Present series, Vol. IV, pl. 14, fig. 2.
[117] Present series, Vol. IV, pl. 8, fig. 3.
[118] Present series, Vol. IV, pl. 31, fig. 2.
[119] Present series, Vol. IV, pl. 30, fig. 2.
[120] Present series, Vol. IV, pl. 33, fig. 2.
[121] Present series, Vol. IV, pl. 23, fig. 3.
[122] Present series, Vol. IV, pl. 8, fig. 1.
[123] Present series, Vol. IV, pl. 37, fig. 3.
[124] Present series, Vol. IV, pl. 25, fig. 4.
[125] Present series, Vol. IV, pl. 23, fig. 2.
[126] Present series, Vol. IV, pl. 24, fig. 1, and pl. 37, fig. 1.
[127] Present series, Vol. IV, pl. 7, fig. 1.
[128] Indian Notes and Monographs, Museum of the American Indian, Heye Foundation, Misc. Publ. 20, pp. 164-165, 1921.
[129] Present series, Vol. IV, plate 31, fig. 3.
[130] Lyons, A. N.—Plant Names, Scientific and Popular, 1907, Detroit, p. 408, Art. 1906.
[131] Present series, Vol. IV, pl. 9, fig. 4.
[132] Present series. Vol. IV, pl. 45, fig. 1.
[133] Present series. Vol. IV, pl. 26, fig. 2.
[134] Present series, Vol. IV, pl. 16, fig. 3.
[135] Present series, Vol. IV, pl. 17, fig. 1.
[136] Present series, Vol. IV, pl. 34, fig. 3.
[137] Present series, Vol. IV, pl. 11, fig. 1.
[138] Present series, Vol. IV, pl. 29, fig. 1.
[139] Present series, Vol. IV, pl. 33, fig. 1.
[140] Present series, Vol. IV, pl. 20, fig. 3.
[141] Present series, Vol. IV, pl. 40, fig. 3, and pl. 41, fig. 2.
[142] Present series, Vol. IV, pl. 25, fig. 4.
[143] Present series, Vol. IV, pl. 32, fig. 2.
[144] Present series, Vol. IV, pl. 7, fig. 2.
[145] Present series, Vol. IV, pl. 16, fig. 3.
[146] 1923 Yearbook, fig. 17.
[147] Present series, Vol. IV, pl. 35, fig. 4.
[148] Present series, Vol. IV, pl. 26, fig. 2.
[149] Present series, Vol. IV, pl. 40, fig. 2.
[150] Present series, Vol. IV, pl. 14, fig. 3.
[151] Present series, Vol. IV, pl. 31, fig. 2.
| Abies balsamea | 378, 420 |
| ACERACEAE | 353, 394, 412 |
| Acer negundo | 353, 394 |
| Acer rubrum | 353, 412 |
| Acer spicatum | 353, 413 |
| Acer saccharum | 394, 413 |
| Achillea lanulosa | 362, 417 |
| Achillea millefolium | 362 |
| Acorus calamus | 355, 428 |
| Actaea rubra | 382 |
| Agrimonia gryposepala | 383 |
| ALISMACEAE | 353, 396 |
| Allium cernuum | 406 |
| Allium tricoccum | 406 |
| Alnus incana | 358, 425 |
| Amelanchier laevis | 384, 408 |
| Amphicarpa pitcheri | 405 |
| ANACARDIACEAE | 354, 397, 424 |
| Anaphalis margaritacea | 362 |
| Andromeda glaucophylla | 368, 400 |
| Anemone canadensis | 382 |
| Anemone cylindrica | 383 |
| Antennaria neodioica | 363 |
| Anthoxanthum odoratum | 419 |
| APOCYNACEAE | 354, 413, 428 |
| Apocynum androsaemifolium | 354, 374, 413, 428 |
| Aquilegia canadensis | 383 |
| AQUIFOLIACEAE | 355 |
| Arabis glabra | 367 |
| ARACEAE | 355, 428 |
| ARALIACEAE | 356, 428 |
| Aralia nudicaulis | 356, 428 |
| Aralia racemosa | 356 |
| Arctium minus | 363 |
| Arisaema triphyllum | 356 |
| ARISTOLOCHIACEAE | 357, 397 |
| Artemisia ludoviciana | 363, 417 |
| Asarum canadense acuminatum | 357, 397 |
| ASCLEPIADACEAE | 357, 397, 428 |
| Asclepias syriaca | 357, 397, 428 |
| Aspidium cristatum | 381 |
| Asplenium filix-femina | 381 |
| Aster cordifolius | 428 |
| Aster macrophyllus | 363, 398, 429 |
| BALSAMINACEAE | 357, 425 |
| BERBERIDACEAE | 358 |
| Betula alba papyrifera | 358, 413, 425 |
| BETULACEAE | 358, 397, 413, 425 |
| Betula lutea | 397 |
| Betula pumila glandulifera | 359, 417 |
| BORAGINACEAE | 359 |
| Botrychium virginianum | 377 |
| Caltha palustris | 408 |
| Calvatia craniiformis | 370 |
| Campanula aparinoides | 360 |
| CAMPANULACEAE | 360 |
| Campanula rotundifolia | 360 |
| CAPRIFOLIACEAE | 360, 398, 417 |
| Carya ovata | 405, 419 |
| CARYOPHYLLACEAE | 361 |
| Castalia odorata | 376, 407 |
| Caulophyllum thalictroides | 358 |
| CELASTRACEAE | 362, 398 |
| Celastrus scandens | 362, 398 |
| Chamaedaphne calyculata | 400 |
| Chimaphila umbellata | 368 |
| Chrysanthemum leucanthemum | 363 |
| Cicuta maculata | 390, 432 |
| Cimicifuga racemosa | 382 |
| Cirsium arvense | 364 |
| Cirsium lanceolatum | 364 |
| Cladonia rangiferina | 373 |
| Clintonia borealis | 373, 430 |
| COMPOSITAE | 362, 398, 417, 428 |
| Coptis trifolia | 383, 426 |
| CORNACEAE | 366, 399, 417, 429 |
| Cornus alternifolia | 366, 417, 429 |
| Cornus canadensis | 366 |
| Cornus paniculata | 367, 399, 418 |
| Corydalis aurea | 370 |
| Corylus americana | 359, 397, 417, 425 |
| Corylus rostrata | 359, 398 |
| Crataegus sp | 384, 409, 422, 431 |
| CRUCIFERAE | 367, 399 |
| Cucumis sativa | 399 |
| CUCURBITACEAE | 367, 399 |
| Cucurbita maxima | 367, 399 |
| Cucurbita pepo | 400 |
| Cynoglossum boreale | 359 |
| CYPERACEAE | 368, 418 |
| Cypripedium parviflorum | 377 |
| Dentaria maxima | 399 |
| Diervilla lonicera | 360, 375, 377 |
| Dirca palustris | 390 |
| Echinocystis lobata | 367 |
| Epilobium angustifolium | 376 |
| EQUISETACEAE | 368, 400, 418 |
| Equisetum arvense | 368, 400 |
| Equisetum hyemale | 368, 418 |
| ERICACEAE | 368, 400, 430 |
| Erigeron canadensis | 429 |
| Erigeron philadelphicus | 364, 398, 429 |
| Erigeron ramosus | 364 |
| Eriophorum callitrix | 368 |
| Eupatorium purpureum | 364 |
| EUPHORBIACEAE | 369 |
| Euphorbia corollata | 369 |
| FAGACEAE | 369, 401, 418, 425 |
| Fagus grandifolia | 401 |
| Fomes applanatus | 370 |
| Fragaria virginiana | 384, 409 |
| Fraxinus nigra | 420 |
| Fraxinus pennsylvanica | 376, 407, 420 |
| FUMARIACEAE | 370 |
| FUNGI | 370, 402 |
| Galium aparine | 386 |
| Galium tinctorium | 386 |
| Galium trifidum | 387 |
| Gaultheria procumbens | 369, 400 |
| GERANIACEAE | 370 |
| Geranium maculatum | 370 |
| Geum macrophyllum | 384 |
| Glyceria canadensis | 371 |
| GRAMINAE | 371, 402, 419 |
| Habenaria bracteata | 377, 431 |
| Heracleum lanatum | 390, 432 |
| Hieracium canadense | 429 |
| Humulus lupulus | 391, 411 |
| HYDROPHYLLACEAE | 371, 405, 419 |
| Hydrophyllum virginianum | 371, 405, 419 |
| Ilex verticillata | 355 |
| Impatiens biflora | 357, 425 |
| IRIDACEAE | 371, 430 |
| Iris versicolor | 371, 430 |
| JUGLANDACEAE | 405, 419, 425 |
| Juglans cinerea | 405, 425 |
| JUNCACEAE | 419 |
| Juncus dudleyi | 419 |
| LABIATAE | 371, 405, 430 |
| Lactuca spicata | 364, 429 |
| Lagenaria vulgaris | 400 |
| Laportea canadensis | 391, 423 |
| Larix laricina | 378, 421 |
| Lathyrus ochroleucus | 371, 406, 419 |
| Lathyrus palustris | 373, 419 |
| Ledum groenlandicum | 401 |
| LEGUMINOSAE | 371, 405, 419 |
| LICHENS | 373, 406 |
| LILIACEAE | 373, 430 |
| Linaria vulgaris | 389 |
| Lychnis alba | 361 |
| LYCOPODIACEAE | 375 |
| Lycopodium complanatum | 375 |
| Lycopodium obscurum dendroideum | 375 |
| Lysimachia thyrsiflora | 382 |
| Maianthemum canadense | 373 |
| Melampyrum lineare | 389 |
| Melilotus alba | 373 |
| MENISPERMACEAE | 375 |
| Menispermum canadense | 375 |
| Mentha arvensis canadensis | 371, 405 |
| Microstylis unifolia | 377 |
| Monarda fistulosa | 371 |
| Myrica asplenifolia | 375, 420 |
| MYRICACEAE | 375, 420, 425 |
| Myrica gale | 425 |
| Nelumbo lutea | 407 |
| Nemopanthus mucronata | 355 |
| Nepeta cataria | 371, 405 |
| Nymphaea advena | 376 |
| NYMPHAEACEAE | 376, 407 |
| NYCTAGINACEAE | 375 |
| Oakesia sessilifolia | 430 |
| Oenothera biennis | 376 |
| OLEACEAE | 376, 420 |
| ONAGRACEAE | 376 |
| Onoclea sensibilis | 382 |
| OPHIOGLOSSACEAE | 377 |
| ORCHIDACEAE | 377, 431 |
| Osmorhiza claytoni | 391 |
| Osmorhiza longistylis | 391 |
| Oxybaphus nyctagineus | 375 |
| Panax quinquefolium | 356 |
| PAPAVERACEAE | 377, 426 |
| Pastinaca sativa | 391 |
| Pedicularis canadensis | 389, 432 |
| Phaseolus lunatus macrocarpa | 406 |
| Phaseolus vulgaris | 406 |
| Picea canadensis | 379 |
| Picea mariana | 379, 421 |
| PINACEAE | 378, 407, 420, 426 |
| Pinus banksiana | 379, 421 |
| Pinus resinosa | 379, 421 |
| Pinus strobus | 379, 407, 421 |
| PLANTAGINACEAE | 380, 431 |
| Plantago major | 380, 431 |
| POLYGONACEAE | 381, 431 |
| Polygonatum biflorum | 374 |
| Polygonum careyi | 381 |
| Polygonum muhlenbergii | 381, 431 |
| POLYPODIACEAE | 381, 408 |
| Populus balsamifera | 352, 387 |
| Populus grandidentata | 352, 387, 410 |
| Populus tremuloides | 388 |
| Potentilla monspeliensis | 384 |
| Potentilla palustris | 384 |
| Prenanthus alba | 365 |
| PRIMULACEAE | 382, 431 |
| Prunella vulgaris | 371, 430 |
| Prunus nigra | 409, 426 |
| Prunus pennsylvanica | 385, 409 |
| Prunus pumila | 409 |
| Prunus serotina | 385, 409 |
| Prunus virginiana | 385, 409 |
| Psedera quinquefolia | 411 |
| Pteris aquilina | 382, 408 |
| Pyrola americana | 430 |
| Quercus alba | 401, 418 |
| Quercus macrocarpa | 369, 402, 425 |
| Quercus rubra | 369, 402 |
| Quercus velutina | 402, 424, 425 |
| Radicula palustris | 367 |
| RANUNCULACEAE | 382, 408, 426, 431 |
| Ranunculus pennsylvanicus | 383, 426, 431 |
| Ranunculus sceleratus | 383 |
| Rhus glabra | 354, 397, 424 |
| Rhus toxicodendron | 354 |
| Rhus typhina | 354, 397, 424 |
| Ribes americanum | 410 |
| Ribes cynosbati | 410 |
| Ribes oxyacanthoides | 410 |
| Ribes triste | 389, 410 |
| Rosa blanda | 385 |
| ROSACEAE | 408, 422, 426, 431 |
| RUBIACEAE | 386 |
| Rubus allegheniensis | 385, 409 |
| Rubus idaeus aculeatissimus | 386, 410 |
| Rubus villosus | 409 |
| Rudbeckia hirta | 365 |
| Rumex crispus | 381, 431 |
| RUTACEAE | 387 |
| Sagittaria arifolia | 353, 396 |
| SALICACEAE | 387, 410, 422 |
| Salix fragilis | 388 |
| Salix lucida | 388, 422 |
| Salix pedicellaris | 388 |
| Sambucus racemosus | 360 |
| Sanguinaria canadensis | 377, 426 |
| Sanicula marilandica | 391 |
| SARRACENIACEAE | 389 |
| Sarracenia purpurea | 389 |
| SAXIFRAGACEAE | 389, 410 |
| Scirpus cyperinus | 418 |
| Scirpus validus | 418 |
| SCROPHULARIACEAE | 389, 432 |
| Scutellaria galericulata | 371 |
| Senecio aureus | 365 |
| Senecio integerrimus | 365 |
| Silphium perfoliatum | 365 |
| Sisymbrium canescens | 367 |
| Sium cicutaefolium | 432 |
| Smilacina racemosa | 374, 407 |
| Smilacina stellata | 374 |
| Smilax herbacea | 374 |
| SOLANACEAE | 410 |
| Solanum tuberosum | 410 |
| Solidago graminifolia | 366, 429 |
| SPHAGNACEAE | 422 |
| Spiraea salicifolia | 386 |
| Spiraea tomentosa | 386 |
| Spiranthes gracilis | 431 |
| Sticta glomulifera | 406 |
| Streptopus roseus | 374 |
| Symphoricarpos occidentalis | 361 |
| Symphoricarpos racemosus | 361 |
| Taenidia integerrima | 432 |
| Tanacetum vulgare | 366, 429 |
| Taraxacum officinale | 366, 399 |
| Thalictrum dasycarpum | 383 |
| Thuja occidentalis | 380, 421 |
| THYMELEACEAE | 390 |
| Tilia americana | 422 |
| TILIACEAE | 422 |
| Trientalis americana | 431 |
| Tsuga canadensis | 380, 408, 422, 426 |
| TYPHACEAE | 390, 423, 432 |
| Typha latifolia | 390, 423, 432 |
| Ulmus fulva | 392, 423 |
| UMBELLIFERAE | 432 |
| URTICACEAE | 391, 411, 423 |
| Urtica lyallii | 392, 423 |
| Uvularia grandiflora | 374 |
| Vaccinium nigrum | 401 |
| Vaccinium oxycoccus | 369, 401 |
| Vaccinium pennsylvanicum | 369, 401 |
| Vaccinium vacillans | 401 |
| Verbascum thapsus | 390 |
| Viburnum lentago | 361, 398 |
| Viburnum opulus americanum | 353, 361 |
| Viburnum prunifolium | 361 |
| Viburnum pubescens | 417 |
| Viola canadensis | 392 |
| VIOLACEAE | 392 |
| Viola conspersa | 392 |
| VITACEAE | 392, 411 |
| Vitis vulpina | 392, 411 |
| Xanthium commune | 366 |
| Zanthoxylum americanum | 387 |
| Zea mays | 402 |
| Zizania palustris | 403 |