[1] Magnan, Annales Médico-Psychologiques, 1887; Lombroso, Tre Tribuni, pp. 3-9, 16-23, 148-150; Saury, Études Cliniques sur la Folie Héréditaire, 1886.

[2] Psychologie du Génie, 1883.

[3] De Renzis, L’opera d’un Pazzo, 1887.

[4] Revue des Deux Mondes, 1886.

[5] De Pronost., i. p. 7.

[6] Problemata, sect. xxx.

[7] Horace, Ars Poet., 296-297.

[8] Observationes in Hom. Affect., 1641, lib. 10, p. 305. More singular examples in Italy were collected by F. Gazoni, in the Hospitale dei folli incurabili, 1620.

[9] Diderot, Dictionnaire Encyclopédique.

[10] I Mattoidi e il Monumente a Vittorio Emanuele, 1885.

[11] Magnan, Annales Médico-psych., 1887; Déjerine, L’Hérédité dans les Maladies Mentales, 1886; Ireland, The Blot upon the Brain, 1885.

[12] I Caratteri dei Delinquenti, 1886, Turin.

[13] Méd. de l’Esprit, ii.

[14] Lamartine, Cours de Littérature, ii.

[15] Revue Britannique, 1884.

[16] Canesterini, Il Cranio di Fusinieri, 1875.

[17] Plutarch, Life of Pericles, iii.

[18] Kupfer, “Der Schädel Kants,” in Arch. für Anth., 1881.

[19] Welcker, Schiller’s Schädel, 1883.

[20] Mantegazza, Sul Cranio di Foscolo, Florence, 1880.

[21] Turner, Quarterly Journal of Science, 1864.

[22] De Quatrefages, Crania Ethnica, Part i. p. 30.

[23] Zoja, La Testa di Scarpa, 1880.

[24] Sul Cranio di Volta, 1879, Turin.

[25] Welcker, Schiller’s Schädel, 1883.

[26] Revue Scientifique, 1882.

[27] Wagner (Das Hirngewicht, 1877) gives these measurements of scientific men of Gottingen:—

Bischoff (Hirngewichte bei Münchener Gelehrten) gives the following measurements:—

The measurement of the cerebral area often gives superiority even to those men of genius who present a feeble weight. Fuchs had a cerebral surface of 22,1005 square c. and Gauss of 21,9588; while with the same weight the same surface in an unknown woman was 20,4115 and in a workman 18,7672.

[28] Bulletin de la Société d’Anthropologie, 1861.

[29] Die tiefen Windungen des Menschenhirnes, 1877.

[30] Mendel, Centralblatt, No. 4, 1884.

[31] Ein Beitrag zur Anatomie der Affenspalte und der Interparietal Furche beim Menschen nach Rasse, Geschlecht, und Individualität, 1886.

[32] Bulletin de la Société d’Anthropologie, 1886, p. 135.

[33] La Circonvolution de Broca, Paris, 1888.

[34] Vorstudien, &c., 1st Memoir, 1860.

[35] Le Cerveau et la Pensée, t. ii. p. 46.

[36] Gallichon in Gazette des Beaux Arts, 1867.

[37] Lombroso, Sul Mancinismo motorio e sensorio nei sani e negli alienati, 1885, Turin.

[38] Essay VII., Of Parents and Children.

[39] Lettres à Georges Sand, Paris, 1885.

[40] Destouches, Philos. Mariés.

[41] Beard, American Nervousness, 1887; Cancellieri, Intorno Uomini dotati di gran memoria, 1715; Klefeker, Biblioth. eruditorum procacium, Hamburg, 1717; Baillet, De præcocibus eruditis, 1715.

[42] Savage, Moral Insanity, 1886.

[43] Guy de Maupassant, Étude sur Gustave Flaubert, Paris, 1885.

[44] Revue des Deux Mondes, 1883, p. 92.

[45] Revue Bleue, 1887, p. 17.

[46] Darwin’s Life, 1887.

[47] Genie und Talent.

[48] Fischer, Æsthetik, ii. 1, p. 386.

[49] “I am one who, when Love inspires, attend, and according as he speaks within me, so I express myself.”

[50] Schilling, Psychiat. Briefe, p. 486.

[51] Ball, Leçons des Maladies Mentales, 1881.

[52] Radestock, p. 42.

[53] Apologia.

[54] Letter of April 20, 1752.

[55] Verga, Lazzaretti, 1880.

[56] Réveillé-Parise, p. 285.

[57] Arago, Œuvres, iii.

[58] Kreislauf des Lebens, Brief. xviii.

[59] Dilthey, Ueber Einbildungskraft der Dichter, 1887.

[60] Lazzaretti, op. cit., 1880.

[61] Des Hallucinations, p. 30. Recent investigations in hypnotism show that the hallucination often has the character of real sensation; that, for example, visual suggestions may be modified by lenses. See my Nuove Studii sull’ ipnotismo.

[62] Studi Critici, Naples, 1880, p. 95.

[63] Souvenirs, p. 73, Paris, 1883.

[64] Confessions d’un Enfant du Siècle, pp. 218, 251.

[65] Introduction to Essai sur les Mœurs.

[66] Siècle de Louis XIV., 1.

[67] Dictionnaire Philosophique, art. Climat.

[68] Tagebuch, ii. p. 120.

[69] Paradoxe sur le Comédien.

[70] Noise had become an obsession to Jules de Goncourt, says his brother Edmund, in a note to the former’s Lettres: “It seemed to him that he had ‘an ear in the pit of his stomach,’ and indeed noise had taken, and continued to take as his illness increased, as it were in some féerie at once absurd and fatal, the character of a persecution of the things and surroundings of his life.... During the last years of his life he suffered from noise as from a brutal physical touch.... This persecution by noise led my brother to sketch a gloomy story during his nightly insomnia.... In this story a man was eternally pursued by noise, and leaves the rooms he had rented, the houses he had bought, the forests in which he had camped, forests like Fontainebleau, from which he is driven by the hunter’s horn, the interior of the pyramids, in which he was deafened by the crickets, always seeking silence, and at last killing himself for the sake of the silence of supreme repose, and not finding it then, for the noise of the worms in his grave prevented him from sleeping. Oh, noise, noise, noise! I can no longer bear to hear the birds. I begin to cry to them like Débureau to the nightingale, ‘Will you not be still, vile beast?’ ” (Lettres de Jules de Goncourt, Paris, 1885.)

[71] Étude sur Gustave Flaubert, Paris, 1885.

[72] Among the fragments that have been preserved some are of great sweetness:—

[73] Mantegazza, Del Nervosismo dei grandi uomini, 1881.

[74] Journal des Savants, Oct., 1863.

[75] Epistolario, v. 3, p. 163.

[76] Vicq d’Azir, Elog., p. 209.

[77] Physiologie des Génies, 1875.

[78] Science et Matérialisme, 1890, p. 103.

[79] Brewster, Life, 1856.

[80] Revue Scientifique, 1888.

[81] Michiels, Le Monde du Comique, 1886.

[82] Réveillé-Parise, op. cit.

[83] Perez, L’enfant de trois à sept ans, 1886.

[84] Scherer, Diderot, 1880.

[85] Ueber die Verwandtschaft des Genies mit dem Irrsinn, 1887.

[86] Bertolotti, Il Testamento di Cardano, 1883.

[87] G. Flaubert, Lettres à Georges Sand, Paris, 1885.

[88] Delepierre, Histoire Littéraire des fous, Paris, 1860.

[89] Réveillé-Parise, Physiologie et Hygiène des hommes livrés aux travaux de l’esprit, Paris, 1856.

[90] Mantegazza, Physiognomy and Expression.

[91] Arago, ii. p. 82.

[92] Plutarch, Life, &c.

[93] Radestock, op. cit.

[94] Moreau, op. cit., p. 523.

[95] Correspondance, p. 119, 1887.

[96] Memorie dell Istituto Lombardo, 1878.

[97] Letter to Giordani, Aug., 1817.

[98] Sette Anni di Sodalizio.

[99] B. de Boismont, op. cit. p. 265.

[100] Hagen, Ueber die Verwandtschaft, &c., 1877.

[101] Roger, Voltaire Malade, 1883.

[102] G. Sand, Histoire de Ma Vie, 9.

[103] Berti, p. 154.

[104] Berti, Cavour Avanti il 1848, Rome; Mayor, in Archivo di Psichiatria, vol. iv.

[105] Mayor, op. cit.

[106] Autobiography.

[107] Autobiography, p. 145.

[108] Von Sedlitz, Schopenhauer, 1872.

[109] Letters, 1885.

[110] Histoire de Ma Vie, v. p. 9.

[111] G. Sand, op. cit.

[112] De Immenso et innumerat., iii.

[113] G. Menke, De ciarlataneria eruditorum, 1780.

[114] Revue des Deux Mondes, 1883.

[115] Letters, p. 62.

[116] Ibid., pp. 62, 119, 123.

[117] G. Sforza, Epistolario di A. Manzoni, Milan, 1883.

[118] Epistolario, 3, p. 163.

[119] Correspondance, p. 119. 1887.

[120] Journal de ma vie intime.

[121] Souvenirs d’Enfance et de Jeunesse.

[122] Amiel, Journal Intime, Geneva, 2nd ed., 1889.

[123] Clément, Musiciens célèbres, Paris, 1868.

[124] W. Irving, Life, 1880.

[125] Verga, Lazzaretti,&c., Milan, 1880.

[126] Forbes Winslow, op. cit., p. 123.

[127] Forbes Winslow, op. cit., p. 126.

[128] Works, vol. xxvi. p. 83.

[129] Dendy, op. cit., p. 41.

[130] Correspondance, vol. ii. letter 9.

[131] De Factis Dictisque Memorabilibus, Lib. vi. Cap. 9.

[132] Tertullian, Apologetica, p. 46. But see A. Gellii Noctes Atticæ, x. p. 17.

[133] Wiederbelebung des Klassisch, Altert., 1882.

[134] Pouchet, Histoire des Sciences Naturelles dans le Moyen Age, 1870.

[135] Masi, La vita ed i tempi di Albergati, 1882.

[136] Laura had eleven children and Petrarch himself two when he dedicated to her 294 sonnets. In politics he turned from Cola di Rienzi to his enemy Colonna and from Robert to Charles IV. (Famil, xix. 1. p. 32). He was too much occupied with himself, says Perrens, to be occupied with his country.

[137] Lettres à G. Sand, 1885.

[138] Revue Philosophique, 1887, p. 69.

[139] Confessions d’un Enfant du Siècle, pp. 250, 251.

[140] Cottrau, Lettre d’un Mélomane, Naples, 1885.

[141] Matthew x. 34-36; Luke xii. 51-53.

[142] Luke xii. 49. See the Greek text.

[143] Luke xviii. 29-30.

[144] Luke xiv. 26.

[145] Matthew x. 37, xvi. 24; Luke v. 23.

[146] Matthew viii. 21; Luke v. 23.

[147] Fiorentino, La Musica, Rome, 1884.

[148] L’Uomo Delinquente, 1889.

[149] Mastriani, Sul Genio e la Follia, Naples, 1881.

[150] Tra un Sigaro e l’altro, p. 194.

[151] Max. du Camp, Souvenirs, 1884.

[152] Schilling, Psychiatr. Briefe., p. 488, 1863.